{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/10.1-1247.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/10.1-1247.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/10.1-1247.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/10.1-1247.html"}],"law_id":61032,"edition_id":1,"section_id":61032,"structure_id":14204,"section_number":"10.1-1247","catch_line":"Enforcement of environmental covenant","history":"2010, c. 691.","full_text":"A\n\nA civil action for injunctive or other equitable relief for violation of an environmental covenant may be maintained by:1\n\nA party to the covenant;2\n\nThe agency or, if it is not the agency, the Department;3\n\nAny person to whom the covenant expressly grants power to enforce;4\n\nA person whose interest in the real property or whose collateral or liability may be affected by the alleged violation of the covenant; or5\n\nA municipality or other unit of local government in which the real property subject to the covenant is located.B\n\nThis chapter does not limit the regulatory authority of the agency or the Department under law other than this chapter with respect to an environmental response project.C\n\nA person is not responsible for or subject to liability for environmental remediation solely because he has the right to enforce an environmental covenant.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":223162,"text":"A civil action for injunctive or other equitable relief for violation of an environmental covenant may be maintained by:","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"A1"},"1":{"id":223163,"text":"A party to the covenant;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"A1","prefix_anchor":"A1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"A2"},"2":{"id":223164,"text":"The agency or, if it is not the agency, the Department;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"A2","prefix_anchor":"A2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A1","next_prefix":"A3"},"3":{"id":223165,"text":"Any person to whom the covenant expressly grants power to enforce;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"A3","prefix_anchor":"A3","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A2","next_prefix":"A4"},"4":{"id":223166,"text":"A person whose interest in the real property or whose collateral or liability may be affected by the alleged violation of the covenant; or","type":"section","prefixes":["A","4"],"prefix":"4","entire_prefix":"A4","prefix_anchor":"A4","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A3","next_prefix":"A5"},"5":{"id":223167,"text":"A municipality or other unit of local government in which the real property subject to the covenant is located.","type":"section","prefixes":["A","5"],"prefix":"5","entire_prefix":"A5","prefix_anchor":"A5","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A4","next_prefix":"B"},"6":{"id":223168,"text":"This chapter does not limit the regulatory authority of the agency or the Department under law other than this chapter with respect to an environmental response project.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A5","next_prefix":"C"},"7":{"id":223169,"text":"A person is not responsible for or subject to liability for environmental remediation solely because he has the right to enforce an environmental covenant.","type":"section","prefixes":["C"],"prefix":"C","entire_prefix":"C","prefix_anchor":"C","level":1,"prior_prefix":"B"}},"ancestry":[{"id":14204,"edition_id":1,"name":"Uniform Environmental Covenants Act","identifier":"12.2","label":"chapter","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12741,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:47:16","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:47:16","permalink":{"id":145597,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":14204,"identifier":"12.2","token":"10.1\/II\/12.2","url":"\/10.1\/II\/12.2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12741,"edition_id":1,"name":"Activities Administered by Other Entities","identifier":"II","label":"subtitle","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12740,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","permalink":{"id":144833,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12741,"identifier":"II","token":"10.1\/II","url":"\/10.1\/II\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12740,"edition_id":1,"name":"Conservation","identifier":"10.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","permalink":{"id":143313,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12740,"identifier":"10.1","token":"10.1","url":"\/10.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":74127,"structure_id":14204,"section_number":"10.1-1238","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/10.1-1238\/","token":"10.1\/II\/12.2\/10.1-1238","metadata":false},{"id":70618,"structure_id":14204,"section_number":"10.1-1239","catch_line":"Nature of rights; subordination of interests","url":"\/10.1-1239\/","token":"10.1\/II\/12.2\/10.1-1239","metadata":false},{"id":60749,"structure_id":14204,"section_number":"10.1-1240","catch_line":"Contents of environmental covenant","url":"\/10.1-1240\/","token":"10.1\/II\/12.2\/10.1-1240","metadata":false},{"id":79177,"structure_id":14204,"section_number":"10.1-1241","catch_line":"Effect on other instruments; validity","url":"\/10.1-1241\/","token":"10.1\/II\/12.2\/10.1-1241","metadata":false},{"id":55393,"structure_id":14204,"section_number":"10.1-1242","catch_line":"Relationship to other land use law","url":"\/10.1-1242\/","token":"10.1\/II\/12.2\/10.1-1242","metadata":false},{"id":87102,"structure_id":14204,"section_number":"10.1-1243","catch_line":"Notice","url":"\/10.1-1243\/","token":"10.1\/II\/12.2\/10.1-1243","metadata":false},{"id":71300,"structure_id":14204,"section_number":"10.1-1244","catch_line":"Recording","url":"\/10.1-1244\/","token":"10.1\/II\/12.2\/10.1-1244","metadata":false},{"id":72524,"structure_id":14204,"section_number":"10.1-1245","catch_line":"Duration; amendment by court action","url":"\/10.1-1245\/","token":"10.1\/II\/12.2\/10.1-1245","metadata":false},{"id":58057,"structure_id":14204,"section_number":"10.1-1246","catch_line":"Amendment or termination by consent","url":"\/10.1-1246\/","token":"10.1\/II\/12.2\/10.1-1246","metadata":false},{"id":61032,"structure_id":14204,"section_number":"10.1-1247","catch_line":"Enforcement of environmental covenant","url":"\/10.1-1247\/","token":"10.1\/II\/12.2\/10.1-1247","metadata":false},{"id":87487,"structure_id":14204,"section_number":"10.1-1248","catch_line":"Fees; Environmental Covenants Fund established","url":"\/10.1-1248\/","token":"10.1\/II\/12.2\/10.1-1248","metadata":false},{"id":73673,"structure_id":14204,"section_number":"10.1-1249","catch_line":"Relation to Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act","url":"\/10.1-1249\/","token":"10.1\/II\/12.2\/10.1-1249","metadata":false},{"id":61353,"structure_id":14204,"section_number":"10.1-1250","catch_line":"Regulations","url":"\/10.1-1250\/","token":"10.1\/II\/12.2\/10.1-1250","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":58057,"structure_id":14204,"section_number":"10.1-1246","catch_line":"Amendment or termination by consent","url":"\/10.1-1246\/","token":"10.1\/II\/12.2\/10.1-1246","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":87487,"structure_id":14204,"section_number":"10.1-1248","catch_line":"Fees; 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This law was first created in 2010. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 691<\/a> of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":145635,"object_type":"law","relational_id":61032,"identifier":"10.1-1247","token":"10.1\/II\/12.2\/10.1-1247","url":"\/10.1-1247\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/10.1-1247\/","token":"10.1\/II\/12.2\/10.1-1247","dublin_core":{"Title":"Enforcement of environmental covenant","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 10.1-1247","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A.<\/span> A civil action<\/span> for injunctive or other equitable<\/span> relief for violation of an environmental covenant<\/span> may be maintained by: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> A party<\/span> to the covenant; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> The agency<\/span> or, if it is not the agency<\/span>, the Department<\/span>; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

3.<\/span> Any person<\/span> to whom the covenant expressly grants power to enforce; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

4.<\/span> A person<\/span> whose interest in the real property or whose collateral<\/span> or liability may be affected by the alleged violation of the covenant; or <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

5.<\/span> A municipality or other unit of local government in which the real property subject to the covenant is located. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> This chapter does not limit the regulatory authority of the agency<\/span> or the Department<\/span> under law<\/span> other than this chapter with respect to an environmental response project<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

C.<\/span> A person<\/span> is not responsible for or subject to liability for environmental remediation solely because he has the right to enforce an environmental covenant<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nENFORCEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL COVENANT (\u00a7 10.1-1247)\n\nA. A civil action for injunctive or other equitable relief for violation of an\nenvironmental covenant may be maintained by:\n\n 1. A party to the covenant;\n\n 2. The agency or, if it is not the agency, the Department;\n\n 3. Any person to whom the covenant expressly grants power to enforce;\n\n 4. A person whose interest in the real property or whose collateral or\n liability may be affected by the alleged violation of the covenant; or\n\n 5. A municipality or other unit of local government in which the real property\n subject to the covenant is located.\n\nB. This chapter does not limit the regulatory authority of the agency or the\nDepartment under law other than this chapter with respect to an environmental\nresponse project.\n\nC. A person is not responsible for or subject to liability for environmental\nremediation solely because he has the right to enforce an environmental\ncovenant.\n\nHISTORY: 2010, c. 691.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}