{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/10.1-1309.1.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/10.1-1309.1.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/10.1-1309.1.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/10.1-1309.1.html"}],"law_id":84294,"edition_id":1,"section_id":84294,"structure_id":12861,"section_number":"10.1-1309.1","catch_line":"Special orders; penalties","history":"1991, c. 702; 2022, c. 356.","full_text":"The Department is authorized to issue special orders in compliance with the Administrative Process Act (\u00a7 2.2-4000 et seq.) requiring that an owner file with the Department a plan to abate, control, prevent, remove, or contain any substantial and imminent threat to public health or the environment that is reasonably likely to occur if such source ceases operations. Such plan shall also include a demonstration of financial capability to implement the plan. Financial capability may be demonstrated by the establishment of an escrow account, the creation of a trust fund to be maintained within the Department, submission of a bond, corporate guarantee based on audited financial statements, or such other instruments as the Department may deem appropriate. The Department may require that such plan and instruments be updated as appropriate. The Department shall give due consideration to any plan submitted by the owner in accordance with \u00a7\u00a7 10.1-1410, 10.1-1428, and 62.1-44.15:1.1, in determining the necessity for and suitability of any plan submitted under this section.\n\t\tFor the purposes of this section, &#8220;ceases operation&#8221; means to cease conducting the normal operation of a source which is regulated under this chapter under circumstances where it would be reasonable to expect that such operation will not be resumed by the owner at the source. The term shall not include the sale or transfer of a source in the ordinary course of business or a permit transfer in accordance with Board regulations.\n\t\tAny person who ceases operations and who knowingly and willfully fails to implement a closure plan or to provide adequate funds for implementation of such plan shall, if such failure results in a significant harm or an imminent and substantial threat of significant harm to human health or the environment, be liable to the Commonwealth and any political subdivision thereof for the costs incurred in abating, controlling, preventing, removing, or containing such harm or threat.\n\t\tAny person who ceases operations and who knowingly and willfully fails to implement a closure plan or to provide adequate funds for implementation of such plan shall, if such failure results in a significant harm or an imminent and substantial threat of significant harm to human health or the environment, be guilty of a Class 4 felony.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":302174,"text":"The Department is authorized to issue special orders in compliance with the Administrative Process Act (\u00a7 2.2-4000 et seq.) requiring that an owner file with the Department a plan to abate, control, prevent, remove, or contain any substantial and imminent threat to public health or the environment that is reasonably likely to occur if such source ceases operations. Such plan shall also include a demonstration of financial capability to implement the plan. Financial capability may be demonstrated by the establishment of an escrow account, the creation of a trust fund to be maintained within the Department, submission of a bond, corporate guarantee based on audited financial statements, or such other instruments as the Department may deem appropriate. The Department may require that such plan and instruments be updated as appropriate. The Department shall give due consideration to any plan submitted by the owner in accordance with \u00a7\u00a7 10.1-1410, 10.1-1428, and 62.1-44.15:1.1, in determining the necessity for and suitability of any plan submitted under this section.\n\t\tFor the purposes of this section, &#8220;ceases operation&#8221; means to cease conducting the normal operation of a source which is regulated under this chapter under circumstances where it would be reasonable to expect that such operation will not be resumed by the owner at the source. The term shall not include the sale or transfer of a source in the ordinary course of business or a permit transfer in accordance with Board regulations.\n\t\tAny person who ceases operations and who knowingly and willfully fails to implement a closure plan or to provide adequate funds for implementation of such plan shall, if such failure results in a significant harm or an imminent and substantial threat of significant harm to human health or the environment, be liable to the Commonwealth and any political subdivision thereof for the costs incurred in abating, controlling, preventing, removing, or containing such harm or threat.\n\t\tAny person who ceases operations and who knowingly and willfully fails to implement a closure plan or to provide adequate funds for implementation of such plan shall, if such failure results in a significant harm or an imminent and substantial threat of significant harm to human health or the environment, be guilty of a Class 4 felony.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1}},"ancestry":[{"id":12861,"edition_id":1,"name":"General Provisions","identifier":"1","label":"article","depth":4,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12860,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:57","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:57","permalink":{"id":145653,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12861,"identifier":"1","token":"10.1\/II\/13\/1","url":"\/10.1\/II\/13\/1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12860,"edition_id":1,"name":"Air Pollution Control Board","identifier":"13","label":"chapter","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12741,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:57","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:57","permalink":{"id":145651,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12860,"identifier":"13","token":"10.1\/II\/13","url":"\/10.1\/II\/13\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12741,"edition_id":1,"name":"Activities Administered by Other Entities","identifier":"II","label":"subtitle","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12740,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","permalink":{"id":144833,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12741,"identifier":"II","token":"10.1\/II","url":"\/10.1\/II\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12740,"edition_id":1,"name":"Conservation","identifier":"10.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","permalink":{"id":143313,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12740,"identifier":"10.1","token":"10.1","url":"\/10.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":77830,"structure_id":12861,"section_number":"10.1-1300","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/10.1-1300\/","token":"10.1\/II\/13\/1\/10.1-1300","metadata":false},{"id":63039,"structure_id":12861,"section_number":"10.1-1300.1","catch_line":"Certified mail; subsequent mail or notices may be sent by regular mail","url":"\/10.1-1300.1\/","token":"10.1\/II\/13\/1\/10.1-1300.1","metadata":false},{"id":69548,"structure_id":12861,"section_number":"10.1-1301","catch_line":"State Air Pollution Control Board; membership; terms; vacancies","url":"\/10.1-1301\/","token":"10.1\/II\/13\/1\/10.1-1301","metadata":false},{"id":84212,"structure_id":12861,"section_number":"10.1-1302","catch_line":"Qualifications of members of Board","url":"\/10.1-1302\/","token":"10.1\/II\/13\/1\/10.1-1302","metadata":false},{"id":60558,"structure_id":12861,"section_number":"10.1-1303","catch_line":"Chairman of the Board; Executive Director; cooperation of state agencies","url":"\/10.1-1303\/","token":"10.1\/II\/13\/1\/10.1-1303","metadata":false},{"id":60398,"structure_id":12861,"section_number":"10.1-1304","catch_line":"Meetings of Board; quorum","url":"\/10.1-1304\/","token":"10.1\/II\/13\/1\/10.1-1304","metadata":false},{"id":82080,"structure_id":12861,"section_number":"10.1-1305","catch_line":"Records of proceedings of Board","url":"\/10.1-1305\/","token":"10.1\/II\/13\/1\/10.1-1305","metadata":false},{"id":82195,"structure_id":12861,"section_number":"10.1-1306","catch_line":"Inspections, investigations, etc","url":"\/10.1-1306\/","token":"10.1\/II\/13\/1\/10.1-1306","metadata":false},{"id":74498,"structure_id":12861,"section_number":"10.1-1307","catch_line":"Further powers and duties of Board and Department","url":"\/10.1-1307\/","token":"10.1\/II\/13\/1\/10.1-1307","metadata":false},{"id":56548,"structure_id":12861,"section_number":"10.1-1307.01","catch_line":"Further duties of Board and Department; localities particularly affected","url":"\/10.1-1307.01\/","token":"10.1\/II\/13\/1\/10.1-1307.01","metadata":false},{"id":80356,"structure_id":12861,"section_number":"10.1-1307.02","catch_line":"Permit for generation of electricity during ISO-declared emergency","url":"\/10.1-1307.02\/","token":"10.1\/II\/13\/1\/10.1-1307.02","metadata":false},{"id":78676,"structure_id":12861,"section_number":"10.1-1307.03","catch_line":"Requirements applicable to Outer Continental Shelf sources","url":"\/10.1-1307.03\/","token":"10.1\/II\/13\/1\/10.1-1307.03","metadata":false},{"id":77963,"structure_id":12861,"section_number":"10.1-1307.04","catch_line":"Greenhouse gas emissions inventory","url":"\/10.1-1307.04\/","token":"10.1\/II\/13\/1\/10.1-1307.04","metadata":false},{"id":77934,"structure_id":12861,"section_number":"10.1-1307.05","catch_line":"Low-emissions and zero-emissions vehicle standards","url":"\/10.1-1307.05\/","token":"10.1\/II\/13\/1\/10.1-1307.05","metadata":false},{"id":83663,"structure_id":12861,"section_number":"10.1-1307.1","catch_line":"Department continued; appointment of Director","url":"\/10.1-1307.1\/","token":"10.1\/II\/13\/1\/10.1-1307.1","metadata":false},{"id":80397,"structure_id":12861,"section_number":"10.1-1307.2","catch_line":"Powers and duties of the Executive Director","url":"\/10.1-1307.2\/","token":"10.1\/II\/13\/1\/10.1-1307.2","metadata":false},{"id":62436,"structure_id":12861,"section_number":"10.1-1307.3","catch_line":"Executive Director to enforce laws","url":"\/10.1-1307.3\/","token":"10.1\/II\/13\/1\/10.1-1307.3","metadata":false},{"id":57864,"structure_id":12861,"section_number":"10.1-1308","catch_line":"Regulations","url":"\/10.1-1308\/","token":"10.1\/II\/13\/1\/10.1-1308","metadata":false},{"id":76943,"structure_id":12861,"section_number":"10.1-1308.01","catch_line":"Qualified fumigation facilities","url":"\/10.1-1308.01\/","token":"10.1\/II\/13\/1\/10.1-1308.01","metadata":false},{"id":82671,"structure_id":12861,"section_number":"10.1-1308.1","catch_line":"Streamlined permitting process for qualified energy generators","url":"\/10.1-1308.1\/","token":"10.1\/II\/13\/1\/10.1-1308.1","metadata":false},{"id":73292,"structure_id":12861,"section_number":"10.1-1309","catch_line":"Issuance of special orders; civil penalties","url":"\/10.1-1309\/","token":"10.1\/II\/13\/1\/10.1-1309","metadata":false},{"id":84294,"structure_id":12861,"section_number":"10.1-1309.1","catch_line":"Special orders; penalties","url":"\/10.1-1309.1\/","token":"10.1\/II\/13\/1\/10.1-1309.1","metadata":false},{"id":86080,"structure_id":12861,"section_number":"10.1-1310","catch_line":"Decision of Department pursuant to hearing","url":"\/10.1-1310\/","token":"10.1\/II\/13\/1\/10.1-1310","metadata":false},{"id":70030,"structure_id":12861,"section_number":"10.1-1310.1","catch_line":"Notification of local government","url":"\/10.1-1310.1\/","token":"10.1\/II\/13\/1\/10.1-1310.1","metadata":false},{"id":58705,"structure_id":12861,"section_number":"10.1-1311","catch_line":"Penalties for noncompliance; judicial review","url":"\/10.1-1311\/","token":"10.1\/II\/13\/1\/10.1-1311","metadata":false},{"id":54355,"structure_id":12861,"section_number":"10.1-1312","catch_line":"Air pollution control districts","url":"\/10.1-1312\/","token":"10.1\/II\/13\/1\/10.1-1312","metadata":false},{"id":56750,"structure_id":12861,"section_number":"10.1-1313","catch_line":"State Advisory Board on Air Pollution","url":"\/10.1-1313\/","token":"10.1\/II\/13\/1\/10.1-1313","metadata":false},{"id":59788,"structure_id":12861,"section_number":"10.1-1314","catch_line":"Owners to furnish plans, specifications and information","url":"\/10.1-1314\/","token":"10.1\/II\/13\/1\/10.1-1314","metadata":false},{"id":78602,"structure_id":12861,"section_number":"10.1-1314.1","catch_line":"Protection of trade secrets","url":"\/10.1-1314.1\/","token":"10.1\/II\/13\/1\/10.1-1314.1","metadata":false},{"id":53996,"structure_id":12861,"section_number":"10.1-1315","catch_line":"Right of entry","url":"\/10.1-1315\/","token":"10.1\/II\/13\/1\/10.1-1315","metadata":false},{"id":83968,"structure_id":12861,"section_number":"10.1-1316","catch_line":"Enforcement and civil penalties","url":"\/10.1-1316\/","token":"10.1\/II\/13\/1\/10.1-1316","metadata":false},{"id":64048,"structure_id":12861,"section_number":"10.1-1316.1","catch_line":"Severe ozone nonattainment areas; fees","url":"\/10.1-1316.1\/","token":"10.1\/II\/13\/1\/10.1-1316.1","metadata":false},{"id":86788,"structure_id":12861,"section_number":"10.1-1317","catch_line":"Judicial review of regulations of Board","url":"\/10.1-1317\/","token":"10.1\/II\/13\/1\/10.1-1317","metadata":false},{"id":85596,"structure_id":12861,"section_number":"10.1-1318","catch_line":"Appeal from decision of Department","url":"\/10.1-1318\/","token":"10.1\/II\/13\/1\/10.1-1318","metadata":false},{"id":72782,"structure_id":12861,"section_number":"10.1-1319","catch_line":"Appeal to Court of Appeals","url":"\/10.1-1319\/","token":"10.1\/II\/13\/1\/10.1-1319","metadata":false},{"id":75588,"structure_id":12861,"section_number":"10.1-1320","catch_line":"Penalties; chapter not to affect right to relief or to maintain action","url":"\/10.1-1320\/","token":"10.1\/II\/13\/1\/10.1-1320","metadata":false},{"id":84508,"structure_id":12861,"section_number":"10.1-1320.1","catch_line":"Duty of attorney for the Commonwealth","url":"\/10.1-1320.1\/","token":"10.1\/II\/13\/1\/10.1-1320.1","metadata":false},{"id":79823,"structure_id":12861,"section_number":"10.1-1321","catch_line":"Local ordinances","url":"\/10.1-1321\/","token":"10.1\/II\/13\/1\/10.1-1321","metadata":false},{"id":75516,"structure_id":12861,"section_number":"10.1-1321.1","catch_line":"When application for permit considered complete","url":"\/10.1-1321.1\/","token":"10.1\/II\/13\/1\/10.1-1321.1","metadata":false},{"id":63202,"structure_id":12861,"section_number":"10.1-1322","catch_line":"Permits","url":"\/10.1-1322\/","token":"10.1\/II\/13\/1\/10.1-1322","metadata":false},{"id":80138,"structure_id":12861,"section_number":"10.1-1322.01","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/10.1-1322.01\/","token":"10.1\/II\/13\/1\/10.1-1322.01","metadata":false},{"id":87432,"structure_id":12861,"section_number":"10.1-1322.1","catch_line":"Air Pollution Permit Program Fund established; use of moneys","url":"\/10.1-1322.1\/","token":"10.1\/II\/13\/1\/10.1-1322.1","metadata":false},{"id":57793,"structure_id":12861,"section_number":"10.1-1322.2","catch_line":"Preliminary program permit fees","url":"\/10.1-1322.2\/","token":"10.1\/II\/13\/1\/10.1-1322.2","metadata":false},{"id":67112,"structure_id":12861,"section_number":"10.1-1322.3","catch_line":"Emissions trading programs; emissions credits; Board to promulgate regulations","url":"\/10.1-1322.3\/","token":"10.1\/II\/13\/1\/10.1-1322.3","metadata":false},{"id":87077,"structure_id":12861,"section_number":"10.1-1322.4","catch_line":"Permit modifications for alternative fuels or raw materials","url":"\/10.1-1322.4\/","token":"10.1\/II\/13\/1\/10.1-1322.4","metadata":false},{"id":73730,"structure_id":12861,"section_number":"10.1-1322.5","catch_line":"Virginia Electric Vehicle Grant Fund and Program; report","url":"\/10.1-1322.5\/","token":"10.1\/II\/13\/1\/10.1-1322.5","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":73292,"structure_id":12861,"section_number":"10.1-1309","catch_line":"Issuance of special orders; civil penalties","url":"\/10.1-1309\/","token":"10.1\/II\/13\/1\/10.1-1309","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":86080,"structure_id":12861,"section_number":"10.1-1310","catch_line":"Decision of Department pursuant to hearing","url":"\/10.1-1310\/","token":"10.1\/II\/13\/1\/10.1-1310","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/10.1-1309.1\/","history_text":"<p>This law was first created in 1991. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 702 of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. Unfortunately, the 1991 \u201cActs\u201d aren\u2019t available online. It has been modified 1 time. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. That modification is as follows: in 2022, chapter <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?221+ful+CHAP0356\">356<\/a>.<\/p>","references":[{"id":61958,"section_number":"62.1-44.15:1.1","catch_line":"Special orders; penalties","order_by":null,"url":"\/62.1-44.15_1.1\/"}],"refers_to":[{"id":54905,"section_number":"10.1-1410","catch_line":"Financial responsibility for abandoned facilities; penalties","order_by":null,"url":"\/10.1-1410\/"},{"id":86144,"section_number":"10.1-1428","catch_line":"Financial responsibility for abandoned facilities; penalties","order_by":null,"url":"\/10.1-1428\/"},{"id":86911,"section_number":"2.2-4000","catch_line":"Short title; purpose","order_by":null,"url":"\/2.2-4000\/"},{"id":61958,"section_number":"62.1-44.15:1.1","catch_line":"Special orders; penalties","order_by":null,"url":"\/62.1-44.15_1.1\/"}],"permalink":{"id":145739,"object_type":"law","relational_id":84294,"identifier":"10.1-1309.1","token":"10.1\/II\/13\/1\/10.1-1309.1","url":"\/10.1-1309.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/10.1-1309.1\/","token":"10.1\/II\/13\/1\/10.1-1309.1","dublin_core":{"Title":"Special orders; penalties","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 10.1-1309.1","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section><p>The <span class=\"dictionary\">Department<\/span> is authorized to <span class=\"dictionary\">issue<\/span> <span class=\"dictionary\">special orders<\/span> in compliance with the Administrative Process Act (\u00a7&nbsp;<a class=\"law\" title=\"Short title; purpose\" href=\"\/2.2-4000\/\">2.2-4000<\/a> et seq.) requiring that an <span class=\"dictionary\">owner<\/span> file with the <span class=\"dictionary\">Department<\/span> a plan to abate, control, prevent, remove, or contain any substantial and imminent threat to public health or the environment that is reasonably likely to occur if such source <span class=\"dictionary\">ceases operations<\/span>. Such plan shall also include a demonstration of financial capability to implement the plan. Financial capability may be demonstrated by the establishment of an escrow account, the creation of a trust fund to be maintained within the <span class=\"dictionary\">Department<\/span>, submission of a <span class=\"dictionary\">bond<\/span>, corporate guarantee based on audited financial statements, or such other instruments as the <span class=\"dictionary\">Department<\/span> may deem appropriate. The <span class=\"dictionary\">Department<\/span> may require that such plan and instruments be updated as appropriate. The <span class=\"dictionary\">Department<\/span> shall give due consideration to any plan submitted by the <span class=\"dictionary\">owner<\/span> in accordance with \u00a7\u00a7&nbsp;<a class=\"law\" title=\"Financial responsibility for abandoned facilities; penalties\" href=\"\/10.1-1410\/\">10.1-1410<\/a>, <a class=\"law\" title=\"Financial responsibility for abandoned facilities; penalties\" href=\"\/10.1-1428\/\">10.1-1428<\/a>, and <a class=\"law\" title=\"Special orders; penalties\" href=\"\/62.1-44.15_1.1\/\">62.1-44.15:1.1<\/a>, in determining the necessity for and suitability of any plan submitted under this section.\n\t\tFor the purposes of this section, &#8220;<span class=\"dictionary\">ceases operation<\/span>&#8221; means to cease conducting the normal operation of a source which is regulated under this chapter under circumstances where it would be reasonable to expect that such operation will not be resumed by the <span class=\"dictionary\">owner<\/span> at the source. The term shall not include the sale or transfer of a source in the ordinary course of business or a permit transfer in accordance with <span class=\"dictionary\">Board<\/span> regulations.\n\t\tAny <span class=\"dictionary\">person<\/span> who <span class=\"dictionary\">ceases operations<\/span> and who knowingly and willfully fails to implement a closure plan or to provide adequate funds for implementation of such plan shall, if such failure results in a significant harm or an imminent and substantial threat of significant harm to human health or the environment, be liable to the Commonwealth and any political subdivision thereof for the costs incurred in abating, controlling, preventing, removing, or containing such harm or threat.\n\t\tAny <span class=\"dictionary\">person<\/span> who <span class=\"dictionary\">ceases operations<\/span> and who knowingly and willfully fails to implement a closure plan or to provide adequate funds for implementation of such plan shall, if such failure results in a significant harm or an imminent and substantial threat of significant harm to human health or the environment, be guilty of a Class 4 <span class=\"dictionary\">felony<\/span>.<\/p><\/section>","plain_text":"                                 CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nSPECIAL ORDERS; PENALTIES (\u00a7 10.1-1309.1)\n\nThe Department is authorized to issue special orders in compliance with the\nAdministrative Process Act (\u00a7 2.2-4000 et seq.) requiring that an owner file\nwith the Department a plan to abate, control, prevent, remove, or contain any\nsubstantial and imminent threat to public health or the environment that is\nreasonably likely to occur if such source ceases operations. Such plan shall\nalso include a demonstration of financial capability to implement the plan.\nFinancial capability may be demonstrated by the establishment of an escrow\naccount, the creation of a trust fund to be maintained within the Department,\nsubmission of a bond, corporate guarantee based on audited financial statements,\nor such other instruments as the Department may deem appropriate. The Department\nmay require that such plan and instruments be updated as appropriate. The\nDepartment shall give due consideration to any plan submitted by the owner in\naccordance with \u00a7\u00a7 10.1-1410, 10.1-1428, and 62.1-44.15:1.1, in determining\nthe necessity for and suitability of any plan submitted under this section.\n\t\tFor the purposes of this section, &#8220;ceases operation&#8221; means to\ncease conducting the normal operation of a source which is regulated under this\nchapter under circumstances where it would be reasonable to expect that such\noperation will not be resumed by the owner at the source. The term shall not\ninclude the sale or transfer of a source in the ordinary course of business or a\npermit transfer in accordance with Board regulations.\n\t\tAny person who ceases operations and who knowingly and willfully fails to\nimplement a closure plan or to provide adequate funds for implementation of such\nplan shall, if such failure results in a significant harm or an imminent and\nsubstantial threat of significant harm to human health or the environment, be\nliable to the Commonwealth and any political subdivision thereof for the costs\nincurred in abating, controlling, preventing, removing, or containing such harm\nor threat.\n\t\tAny person who ceases operations and who knowingly and willfully fails to\nimplement a closure plan or to provide adequate funds for implementation of such\nplan shall, if such failure results in a significant harm or an imminent and\nsubstantial threat of significant harm to human health or the environment, be\nguilty of a Class 4 felony.\n\nHISTORY: 1991, c. 702; 2022, c. 356.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}