{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/13.1-1098.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/13.1-1098.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/13.1-1098.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/13.1-1098.html"}],"law_id":62325,"edition_id":1,"section_id":62325,"structure_id":13582,"section_number":"13.1-1098","catch_line":"Service of process, notice, or demand","history":"2019, c. 636.","full_text":"A\n\nA protected series of a series limited liability company may be served with any process, notice, or demand required or permitted by law by:1\n\nServing the series limited liability company that established the protected series;2\n\nServing the registered agent of the protected series; or3\n\nOther means authorized by any law of the Commonwealth other than as specified in this article.B\n\nService of process, notice, or demand on a series limited liability company is notice to each protected series of the series limited liability company of service of the process, notice, or demand and the contents thereof.C\n\nService of process, notice, or demand on a protected series of a series limited liability company is notice to the series limited liability company and any other protected series of the series limited liability company of service of the process, notice, or demand and the contents thereof.D\n\nService of process, notice, or demand on a foreign series limited liability company is notice to each foreign protected series of the foreign series limited liability company of the process, notice, or demand and the contents thereof.E\n\nService of a process, notice, or demand on a foreign protected series of a foreign series limited liability company is notice to the foreign series limited liability company and any other foreign protected series of the foreign series limited liability company of service of the process, notice, or demand and the contents thereof.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":227339,"text":"A protected series of a series limited liability company may be served with any process, notice, or demand required or permitted by law by:","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"A1"},"1":{"id":227340,"text":"Serving the series limited liability company that established the protected series;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"A1","prefix_anchor":"A1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"A2"},"2":{"id":227341,"text":"Serving the registered agent of the protected series; or","type":"section","prefixes":["A","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"A2","prefix_anchor":"A2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A1","next_prefix":"A3"},"3":{"id":227342,"text":"Other means authorized by any law of the Commonwealth other than as specified in this article.","type":"section","prefixes":["A","3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"A3","prefix_anchor":"A3","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A2","next_prefix":"B"},"4":{"id":227343,"text":"Service of process, notice, or demand on a series limited liability company is notice to each protected series of the series limited liability company of service of the process, notice, or demand and the contents thereof.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A3","next_prefix":"C"},"5":{"id":227344,"text":"Service of process, notice, or demand on a protected series of a series limited liability company is notice to the series limited liability company and any other protected series of the series limited liability company of service of the process, notice, or demand and the contents thereof.","type":"section","prefixes":["C"],"prefix":"C","entire_prefix":"C","prefix_anchor":"C","level":1,"prior_prefix":"B","next_prefix":"D"},"6":{"id":227345,"text":"Service of process, notice, or demand on a foreign series limited liability company is notice to each foreign protected series of the foreign series limited liability company of the process, notice, or demand and the contents thereof.","type":"section","prefixes":["D"],"prefix":"D","entire_prefix":"D","prefix_anchor":"D","level":1,"prior_prefix":"C","next_prefix":"E"},"7":{"id":227346,"text":"Service of a process, notice, or demand on a foreign protected series of a foreign series limited liability company is notice to the foreign series limited liability company and any other foreign protected series of the foreign series limited liability company of service of the process, notice, or demand and the contents thereof.","type":"section","prefixes":["E"],"prefix":"E","entire_prefix":"E","prefix_anchor":"E","level":1,"prior_prefix":"D"}},"ancestry":[{"id":13582,"edition_id":1,"name":"Protected Series","identifier":"16","label":"article","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12817,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:45:18","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:45:18","permalink":{"id":148583,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13582,"identifier":"16","token":"13.1\/12\/16","url":"\/13.1\/12\/16\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12817,"edition_id":1,"name":"Virginia Limited Liability Company Act","identifier":"12","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12744,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:54","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:54","permalink":{"id":148351,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12817,"identifier":"12","token":"13.1\/12","url":"\/13.1\/12\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12744,"edition_id":1,"name":"Corporations","identifier":"13.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","permalink":{"id":147493,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12744,"identifier":"13.1","token":"13.1","url":"\/13.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":66470,"structure_id":13582,"section_number":"13.1-1088","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/13.1-1088\/","token":"13.1\/12\/16\/13.1-1088","metadata":false},{"id":74889,"structure_id":13582,"section_number":"13.1-1089","catch_line":"Nature of protected series","url":"\/13.1-1089\/","token":"13.1\/12\/16\/13.1-1089","metadata":false},{"id":59342,"structure_id":13582,"section_number":"13.1-1090","catch_line":"Powers and duration of protected series","url":"\/13.1-1090\/","token":"13.1\/12\/16\/13.1-1090","metadata":false},{"id":55148,"structure_id":13582,"section_number":"13.1-1091","catch_line":"Governing law","url":"\/13.1-1091\/","token":"13.1\/12\/16\/13.1-1091","metadata":false},{"id":62538,"structure_id":13582,"section_number":"13.1-1092","catch_line":"Relation of operating agreement, this article, and the other articles of this chapter","url":"\/13.1-1092\/","token":"13.1\/12\/16\/13.1-1092","metadata":false},{"id":84976,"structure_id":13582,"section_number":"13.1-1093","catch_line":"Additional limitations on operating agreement","url":"\/13.1-1093\/","token":"13.1\/12\/16\/13.1-1093","metadata":false},{"id":84390,"structure_id":13582,"section_number":"13.1-1094","catch_line":"Rules for applying other articles of this chapter to specified provisions of this article","url":"\/13.1-1094\/","token":"13.1\/12\/16\/13.1-1094","metadata":false},{"id":62260,"structure_id":13582,"section_number":"13.1-1095","catch_line":"Protected series designation; amendment","url":"\/13.1-1095\/","token":"13.1\/12\/16\/13.1-1095","metadata":false},{"id":57931,"structure_id":13582,"section_number":"13.1-1096","catch_line":"Name","url":"\/13.1-1096\/","token":"13.1\/12\/16\/13.1-1096","metadata":false},{"id":56560,"structure_id":13582,"section_number":"13.1-1097","catch_line":"Registered office and registered agent","url":"\/13.1-1097\/","token":"13.1\/12\/16\/13.1-1097","metadata":false},{"id":62325,"structure_id":13582,"section_number":"13.1-1098","catch_line":"Service of process, notice, or demand","url":"\/13.1-1098\/","token":"13.1\/12\/16\/13.1-1098","metadata":false},{"id":54545,"structure_id":13582,"section_number":"13.1-1099","catch_line":"Effectiveness of notice","url":"\/13.1-1099\/","token":"13.1\/12\/16\/13.1-1099","metadata":false},{"id":83120,"structure_id":13582,"section_number":"13.1-1099.1","catch_line":"Annual registration fees","url":"\/13.1-1099.1\/","token":"13.1\/12\/16\/13.1-1099.1","metadata":false},{"id":79166,"structure_id":13582,"section_number":"13.1-1099.10","catch_line":"Enforcement of claim against non-associated asset","url":"\/13.1-1099.10\/","token":"13.1\/12\/16\/13.1-1099.10","metadata":false},{"id":55453,"structure_id":13582,"section_number":"13.1-1099.11","catch_line":"Events causing dissolution of protected series","url":"\/13.1-1099.11\/","token":"13.1\/12\/16\/13.1-1099.11","metadata":false},{"id":63314,"structure_id":13582,"section_number":"13.1-1099.12","catch_line":"Winding up dissolved protected series; voluntary cancellation","url":"\/13.1-1099.12\/","token":"13.1\/12\/16\/13.1-1099.12","metadata":false},{"id":57119,"structure_id":13582,"section_number":"13.1-1099.13","catch_line":"Waiver of cancellation upon dissolution; reinstatement of series limited liability company","url":"\/13.1-1099.13\/","token":"13.1\/12\/16\/13.1-1099.13","metadata":false},{"id":75947,"structure_id":13582,"section_number":"13.1-1099.14","catch_line":"Protected series may not be party to entity transaction","url":"\/13.1-1099.14\/","token":"13.1\/12\/16\/13.1-1099.14","metadata":false},{"id":59476,"structure_id":13582,"section_number":"13.1-1099.15","catch_line":"Restrictions on entity transaction involving a series limited liability company or a foreign series limited liability company","url":"\/13.1-1099.15\/","token":"13.1\/12\/16\/13.1-1099.15","metadata":false},{"id":73456,"structure_id":13582,"section_number":"13.1-1099.16","catch_line":"Merger authorized; parties restricted","url":"\/13.1-1099.16\/","token":"13.1\/12\/16\/13.1-1099.16","metadata":false},{"id":77582,"structure_id":13582,"section_number":"13.1-1099.17","catch_line":"Plan of merger","url":"\/13.1-1099.17\/","token":"13.1\/12\/16\/13.1-1099.17","metadata":false},{"id":69595,"structure_id":13582,"section_number":"13.1-1099.18","catch_line":"Articles of merger","url":"\/13.1-1099.18\/","token":"13.1\/12\/16\/13.1-1099.18","metadata":false},{"id":57317,"structure_id":13582,"section_number":"13.1-1099.19","catch_line":"Effect of merger","url":"\/13.1-1099.19\/","token":"13.1\/12\/16\/13.1-1099.19","metadata":false},{"id":87340,"structure_id":13582,"section_number":"13.1-1099.2","catch_line":"Associated assets","url":"\/13.1-1099.2\/","token":"13.1\/12\/16\/13.1-1099.2","metadata":false},{"id":84015,"structure_id":13582,"section_number":"13.1-1099.20","catch_line":"Application of \u00a7 13.1-1099.10 after merger","url":"\/13.1-1099.20\/","token":"13.1\/12\/16\/13.1-1099.20","metadata":false},{"id":81612,"structure_id":13582,"section_number":"13.1-1099.21","catch_line":"Governing law; foreign series limited liability companies and foreign protected series","url":"\/13.1-1099.21\/","token":"13.1\/12\/16\/13.1-1099.21","metadata":false},{"id":63955,"structure_id":13582,"section_number":"13.1-1099.22","catch_line":"No attribution of activities constituting transacting business or for establishing jurisdiction","url":"\/13.1-1099.22\/","token":"13.1\/12\/16\/13.1-1099.22","metadata":false},{"id":67053,"structure_id":13582,"section_number":"13.1-1099.23","catch_line":"Registration of foreign series limited liability company and foreign protected series; amended application; voluntary cancellation; reinstatement","url":"\/13.1-1099.23\/","token":"13.1\/12\/16\/13.1-1099.23","metadata":false},{"id":74322,"structure_id":13582,"section_number":"13.1-1099.24","catch_line":"Disclosure required when foreign series limited liability company or foreign protected series subject to proceeding","url":"\/13.1-1099.24\/","token":"13.1\/12\/16\/13.1-1099.24","metadata":false},{"id":73126,"structure_id":13582,"section_number":"13.1-1099.25","catch_line":"Uniformity of application and construction","url":"\/13.1-1099.25\/","token":"13.1\/12\/16\/13.1-1099.25","metadata":false},{"id":70064,"structure_id":13582,"section_number":"13.1-1099.26","catch_line":"Effect on certain actions","url":"\/13.1-1099.26\/","token":"13.1\/12\/16\/13.1-1099.26","metadata":false},{"id":79318,"structure_id":13582,"section_number":"13.1-1099.27","catch_line":"Relation to Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act","url":"\/13.1-1099.27\/","token":"13.1\/12\/16\/13.1-1099.27","metadata":false},{"id":83034,"structure_id":13582,"section_number":"13.1-1099.3","catch_line":"Associated members","url":"\/13.1-1099.3\/","token":"13.1\/12\/16\/13.1-1099.3","metadata":false},{"id":83613,"structure_id":13582,"section_number":"13.1-1099.4","catch_line":"Protected series membership interests","url":"\/13.1-1099.4\/","token":"13.1\/12\/16\/13.1-1099.4","metadata":false},{"id":55609,"structure_id":13582,"section_number":"13.1-1099.5","catch_line":"Management","url":"\/13.1-1099.5\/","token":"13.1\/12\/16\/13.1-1099.5","metadata":false},{"id":63606,"structure_id":13582,"section_number":"13.1-1099.6","catch_line":"Right of person not associated member of protected series to information concerning protected series","url":"\/13.1-1099.6\/","token":"13.1\/12\/16\/13.1-1099.6","metadata":false},{"id":64314,"structure_id":13582,"section_number":"13.1-1099.7","catch_line":"Limitations on liability","url":"\/13.1-1099.7\/","token":"13.1\/12\/16\/13.1-1099.7","metadata":false},{"id":59684,"structure_id":13582,"section_number":"13.1-1099.8","catch_line":"Claim seeking to disregard limitation of liability","url":"\/13.1-1099.8\/","token":"13.1\/12\/16\/13.1-1099.8","metadata":false},{"id":59181,"structure_id":13582,"section_number":"13.1-1099.9","catch_line":"Remedies of judgment creditor of associated member or protected series assignee","url":"\/13.1-1099.9\/","token":"13.1\/12\/16\/13.1-1099.9","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":56560,"structure_id":13582,"section_number":"13.1-1097","catch_line":"Registered office and registered agent","url":"\/13.1-1097\/","token":"13.1\/12\/16\/13.1-1097","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":54545,"structure_id":13582,"section_number":"13.1-1099","catch_line":"Effectiveness of notice","url":"\/13.1-1099\/","token":"13.1\/12\/16\/13.1-1099","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/13.1-1098\/","history_text":"<p>This law was first created in 2019. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?191+ful+CHAP0636\">636<\/a> of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year.<\/p>","references":[{"id":54545,"section_number":"13.1-1099","catch_line":"Effectiveness of notice","order_by":null,"url":"\/13.1-1099\/"}],"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":148625,"object_type":"law","relational_id":62325,"identifier":"13.1-1098","token":"13.1\/12\/16\/13.1-1098","url":"\/13.1-1098\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/13.1-1098\/","token":"13.1\/12\/16\/13.1-1098","dublin_core":{"Title":"Service of process, notice, or demand","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 13.1-1098","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"A\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">A.<\/span> A <span class=\"dictionary\">protected series<\/span> of a series <span class=\"dictionary\">limited liability company<\/span> may be served with any process, notice, or demand required or permitted by <span class=\"dictionary\">law<\/span> by: <a id=\"paragraph-227339\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/13.1-1098\/#A\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"A1\" class=\"indent-1\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">1.<\/span> Serving the series <span class=\"dictionary\">limited liability company<\/span> that established the <span class=\"dictionary\">protected series<\/span>; <a id=\"paragraph-227340\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/13.1-1098\/#A1\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"A2\" class=\"indent-1\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">2.<\/span> Serving the registered agent of the <span class=\"dictionary\">protected series<\/span>; or <a id=\"paragraph-227341\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/13.1-1098\/#A2\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"A3\" class=\"indent-1\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">3.<\/span> Other means authorized by any <span class=\"dictionary\">law<\/span> of the Commonwealth other than as specified in this article. <a id=\"paragraph-227342\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/13.1-1098\/#A3\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"B\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">B.<\/span> <span class=\"dictionary\">Service of process<\/span>, notice, or demand on a series <span class=\"dictionary\">limited liability company<\/span> is notice to each <span class=\"dictionary\">protected series<\/span> of the series <span class=\"dictionary\">limited liability company<\/span> of service of the process, notice, or demand and the contents thereof. <a id=\"paragraph-227343\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/13.1-1098\/#B\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"C\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">C.<\/span> <span class=\"dictionary\">Service of process<\/span>, notice, or demand on a <span class=\"dictionary\">protected series<\/span> of a series <span class=\"dictionary\">limited liability company<\/span> is notice to the series <span class=\"dictionary\">limited liability company<\/span> and any other <span class=\"dictionary\">protected series<\/span> of the series <span class=\"dictionary\">limited liability company<\/span> of service of the process, notice, or demand and the contents thereof. <a id=\"paragraph-227344\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/13.1-1098\/#C\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"D\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">D.<\/span> <span class=\"dictionary\">Service of process<\/span>, notice, or demand on a <span class=\"dictionary\">foreign series <span class=\"dictionary\">limited liability company<\/span><\/span> is notice to each <span class=\"dictionary\">foreign protected series<\/span> of the <span class=\"dictionary\">foreign series <span class=\"dictionary\">limited liability company<\/span><\/span> of the process, notice, or demand and the contents thereof. <a id=\"paragraph-227345\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/13.1-1098\/#D\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"E\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">E.<\/span> Service of a process, notice, or demand on a <span class=\"dictionary\">foreign protected series<\/span> of a <span class=\"dictionary\">foreign series <span class=\"dictionary\">limited liability company<\/span><\/span> is notice to the <span class=\"dictionary\">foreign series <span class=\"dictionary\">limited liability company<\/span><\/span> and any other <span class=\"dictionary\">foreign protected series<\/span> of the <span class=\"dictionary\">foreign series <span class=\"dictionary\">limited liability company<\/span><\/span> of service of the process, notice, or demand and the contents thereof. <a id=\"paragraph-227346\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/13.1-1098\/#E\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":"                                 CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nSERVICE OF PROCESS, NOTICE, OR DEMAND (\u00a7 13.1-1098)\n\nA. A protected series of a series limited liability company may be served with\nany process, notice, or demand required or permitted by law by:\n\n   1. Serving the series limited liability company that established the protected\n   series;\n\n   2. Serving the registered agent of the protected series; or\n\n   3. Other means authorized by any law of the Commonwealth other than as\n   specified in this article.\n\nB. Service of process, notice, or demand on a series limited liability company\nis notice to each protected series of the series limited liability company of\nservice of the process, notice, or demand and the contents thereof.\n\nC. Service of process, notice, or demand on a protected series of a series\nlimited liability company is notice to the series limited liability company and\nany other protected series of the series limited liability company of service of\nthe process, notice, or demand and the contents thereof.\n\nD. Service of process, notice, or demand on a foreign series limited liability\ncompany is notice to each foreign protected series of the foreign series limited\nliability company of the process, notice, or demand and the contents thereof.\n\nE. Service of a process, notice, or demand on a foreign protected series of a\nforeign series limited liability company is notice to the foreign series limited\nliability company and any other foreign protected series of the foreign series\nlimited liability company of service of the process, notice, or demand and the\ncontents thereof.\n\nHISTORY: 2019, c. 636.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}