{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/13.1-1099.7.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/13.1-1099.7.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/13.1-1099.7.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/13.1-1099.7.html"}],"law_id":64314,"edition_id":1,"section_id":64314,"structure_id":13582,"section_number":"13.1-1099.7","catch_line":"Limitations on liability","history":"2019, c. 636.","full_text":"A\n\nA person is not liable, directly or indirectly, by way of contribution or otherwise, for a debt, obligation, or other liability of:1\n\nA protected series of a series limited liability company solely by reason of being or acting as:\n\t\t\t\ta. An associated member, protected series manager, or protected series assignee of the protected series; or\n\t\t\t\tb. A member, manager, or an assignee of the series limited liability company; or2\n\nA series limited liability company solely by reason of being or acting as an associated member, protected series manager, or protected series assignee of a protected series of the series limited liability company.B\n\nSubject to \u00a7 13.1-1099.10, the following rules apply:1\n\nA debt, obligation, or other liability of a series limited liability company is solely the debt, obligation, or liability of the series limited liability company.2\n\nA debt, obligation, or other liability of a protected series is solely the debt, obligation, or liability of the protected series.3\n\nA series limited liability company is not liable, directly or indirectly, by way of contribution or otherwise, for a debt, obligation, or other liability of a protected series of the series limited liability company solely by reason of the protected series being a protected series of the series limited liability company or the series limited liability company:\n\t\t\t\ta. Being or acting as a protected series manager of the protected series;\n\t\t\t\tb. Having the protected series manage the series limited liability company; or\n\t\t\t\tc. Owning a protected series membership interest of the protected series.4\n\nA protected series of a series limited liability company is not liable, directly or indirectly, by way of contribution or otherwise, for a debt, obligation, or other liability of the series limited liability company or another protected series of the series limited liability company solely by reason of:\n\t\t\t\ta. Being a protected series of the series limited liability company;\n\t\t\t\tb. Being or acting as a manager of the series limited liability company or a protected series manager of another protected series of the series limited liability company; or\n\t\t\t\tc. Having the series limited liability company or another protected series of the series limited liability company be or act as a protected series manager of the protected series.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":234073,"text":"A person is not liable, directly or indirectly, by way of contribution or otherwise, for a debt, obligation, or other liability of:","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"A1"},"1":{"id":234074,"text":"A protected series of a series limited liability company solely by reason of being or acting as:\n\t\t\t\ta. An associated member, protected series manager, or protected series assignee of the protected series; or\n\t\t\t\tb. A member, manager, or an assignee of the series limited liability company; or","type":"section","prefixes":["A","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"A1","prefix_anchor":"A1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"A2"},"2":{"id":234075,"text":"A series limited liability company solely by reason of being or acting as an associated member, protected series manager, or protected series assignee of a protected series of the series limited liability company.","type":"section","prefixes":["A","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"A2","prefix_anchor":"A2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A1","next_prefix":"B"},"3":{"id":234076,"text":"Subject to \u00a7 13.1-1099.10, the following rules apply:","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A2","next_prefix":"B1"},"4":{"id":234077,"text":"A debt, obligation, or other liability of a series limited liability company is solely the debt, obligation, or liability of the series limited liability company.","type":"section","prefixes":["B","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"B1","prefix_anchor":"B1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"B","next_prefix":"B2"},"5":{"id":234078,"text":"A debt, obligation, or other liability of a protected series is solely the debt, obligation, or liability of the protected series.","type":"section","prefixes":["B","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"B2","prefix_anchor":"B2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"B1","next_prefix":"B3"},"6":{"id":234079,"text":"A series limited liability company is not liable, directly or indirectly, by way of contribution or otherwise, for a debt, obligation, or other liability of a protected series of the series limited liability company solely by reason of the protected series being a protected series of the series limited liability company or the series limited liability company:\n\t\t\t\ta. Being or acting as a protected series manager of the protected series;\n\t\t\t\tb. Having the protected series manage the series limited liability company; or\n\t\t\t\tc. Owning a protected series membership interest of the protected series.","type":"section","prefixes":["B","3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"B3","prefix_anchor":"B3","level":2,"prior_prefix":"B2","next_prefix":"B4"},"7":{"id":234080,"text":"A protected series of a series limited liability company is not liable, directly or indirectly, by way of contribution or otherwise, for a debt, obligation, or other liability of the series limited liability company or another protected series of the series limited liability company solely by reason of:\n\t\t\t\ta. Being a protected series of the series limited liability company;\n\t\t\t\tb. Being or acting as a manager of the series limited liability company or a protected series manager of another protected series of the series limited liability company; or\n\t\t\t\tc. Having the series limited liability company or another protected series of the series limited liability company be or act as a protected series manager of the protected series.","type":"section","prefixes":["B","4"],"prefix":"4","entire_prefix":"B4","prefix_anchor":"B4","level":2,"prior_prefix":"B3"}},"ancestry":[{"id":13582,"edition_id":1,"name":"Protected Series","identifier":"16","label":"article","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12817,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:45:18","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:45:18","permalink":{"id":148583,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13582,"identifier":"16","token":"13.1\/12\/16","url":"\/13.1\/12\/16\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12817,"edition_id":1,"name":"Virginia Limited Liability Company Act","identifier":"12","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12744,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:54","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:54","permalink":{"id":148351,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12817,"identifier":"12","token":"13.1\/12","url":"\/13.1\/12\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12744,"edition_id":1,"name":"Corporations","identifier":"13.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","permalink":{"id":147493,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12744,"identifier":"13.1","token":"13.1","url":"\/13.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":66470,"structure_id":13582,"section_number":"13.1-1088","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/13.1-1088\/","token":"13.1\/12\/16\/13.1-1088","metadata":false},{"id":74889,"structure_id":13582,"section_number":"13.1-1089","catch_line":"Nature of protected series","url":"\/13.1-1089\/","token":"13.1\/12\/16\/13.1-1089","metadata":false},{"id":59342,"structure_id":13582,"section_number":"13.1-1090","catch_line":"Powers and duration of protected series","url":"\/13.1-1090\/","token":"13.1\/12\/16\/13.1-1090","metadata":false},{"id":55148,"structure_id":13582,"section_number":"13.1-1091","catch_line":"Governing law","url":"\/13.1-1091\/","token":"13.1\/12\/16\/13.1-1091","metadata":false},{"id":62538,"structure_id":13582,"section_number":"13.1-1092","catch_line":"Relation of operating agreement, this article, and the other articles of this chapter","url":"\/13.1-1092\/","token":"13.1\/12\/16\/13.1-1092","metadata":false},{"id":84976,"structure_id":13582,"section_number":"13.1-1093","catch_line":"Additional limitations on operating agreement","url":"\/13.1-1093\/","token":"13.1\/12\/16\/13.1-1093","metadata":false},{"id":84390,"structure_id":13582,"section_number":"13.1-1094","catch_line":"Rules for applying other articles of this chapter to specified provisions of this article","url":"\/13.1-1094\/","token":"13.1\/12\/16\/13.1-1094","metadata":false},{"id":62260,"structure_id":13582,"section_number":"13.1-1095","catch_line":"Protected series designation; amendment","url":"\/13.1-1095\/","token":"13.1\/12\/16\/13.1-1095","metadata":false},{"id":57931,"structure_id":13582,"section_number":"13.1-1096","catch_line":"Name","url":"\/13.1-1096\/","token":"13.1\/12\/16\/13.1-1096","metadata":false},{"id":56560,"structure_id":13582,"section_number":"13.1-1097","catch_line":"Registered office and registered agent","url":"\/13.1-1097\/","token":"13.1\/12\/16\/13.1-1097","metadata":false},{"id":62325,"structure_id":13582,"section_number":"13.1-1098","catch_line":"Service of process, notice, or demand","url":"\/13.1-1098\/","token":"13.1\/12\/16\/13.1-1098","metadata":false},{"id":54545,"structure_id":13582,"section_number":"13.1-1099","catch_line":"Effectiveness of notice","url":"\/13.1-1099\/","token":"13.1\/12\/16\/13.1-1099","metadata":false},{"id":83120,"structure_id":13582,"section_number":"13.1-1099.1","catch_line":"Annual registration fees","url":"\/13.1-1099.1\/","token":"13.1\/12\/16\/13.1-1099.1","metadata":false},{"id":79166,"structure_id":13582,"section_number":"13.1-1099.10","catch_line":"Enforcement of claim against non-associated asset","url":"\/13.1-1099.10\/","token":"13.1\/12\/16\/13.1-1099.10","metadata":false},{"id":55453,"structure_id":13582,"section_number":"13.1-1099.11","catch_line":"Events causing dissolution of protected series","url":"\/13.1-1099.11\/","token":"13.1\/12\/16\/13.1-1099.11","metadata":false},{"id":63314,"structure_id":13582,"section_number":"13.1-1099.12","catch_line":"Winding up dissolved protected series; voluntary cancellation","url":"\/13.1-1099.12\/","token":"13.1\/12\/16\/13.1-1099.12","metadata":false},{"id":57119,"structure_id":13582,"section_number":"13.1-1099.13","catch_line":"Waiver of cancellation upon dissolution; reinstatement of series limited liability company","url":"\/13.1-1099.13\/","token":"13.1\/12\/16\/13.1-1099.13","metadata":false},{"id":75947,"structure_id":13582,"section_number":"13.1-1099.14","catch_line":"Protected series may not be party to entity transaction","url":"\/13.1-1099.14\/","token":"13.1\/12\/16\/13.1-1099.14","metadata":false},{"id":59476,"structure_id":13582,"section_number":"13.1-1099.15","catch_line":"Restrictions on entity transaction involving a series limited liability company or a foreign series limited liability company","url":"\/13.1-1099.15\/","token":"13.1\/12\/16\/13.1-1099.15","metadata":false},{"id":73456,"structure_id":13582,"section_number":"13.1-1099.16","catch_line":"Merger authorized; parties restricted","url":"\/13.1-1099.16\/","token":"13.1\/12\/16\/13.1-1099.16","metadata":false},{"id":77582,"structure_id":13582,"section_number":"13.1-1099.17","catch_line":"Plan of merger","url":"\/13.1-1099.17\/","token":"13.1\/12\/16\/13.1-1099.17","metadata":false},{"id":69595,"structure_id":13582,"section_number":"13.1-1099.18","catch_line":"Articles of merger","url":"\/13.1-1099.18\/","token":"13.1\/12\/16\/13.1-1099.18","metadata":false},{"id":57317,"structure_id":13582,"section_number":"13.1-1099.19","catch_line":"Effect of merger","url":"\/13.1-1099.19\/","token":"13.1\/12\/16\/13.1-1099.19","metadata":false},{"id":87340,"structure_id":13582,"section_number":"13.1-1099.2","catch_line":"Associated assets","url":"\/13.1-1099.2\/","token":"13.1\/12\/16\/13.1-1099.2","metadata":false},{"id":84015,"structure_id":13582,"section_number":"13.1-1099.20","catch_line":"Application of \u00a7 13.1-1099.10 after merger","url":"\/13.1-1099.20\/","token":"13.1\/12\/16\/13.1-1099.20","metadata":false},{"id":81612,"structure_id":13582,"section_number":"13.1-1099.21","catch_line":"Governing law; foreign series limited liability companies and foreign protected series","url":"\/13.1-1099.21\/","token":"13.1\/12\/16\/13.1-1099.21","metadata":false},{"id":63955,"structure_id":13582,"section_number":"13.1-1099.22","catch_line":"No attribution of activities constituting transacting business or for establishing jurisdiction","url":"\/13.1-1099.22\/","token":"13.1\/12\/16\/13.1-1099.22","metadata":false},{"id":67053,"structure_id":13582,"section_number":"13.1-1099.23","catch_line":"Registration of foreign series limited liability company and foreign protected series; amended application; voluntary cancellation; reinstatement","url":"\/13.1-1099.23\/","token":"13.1\/12\/16\/13.1-1099.23","metadata":false},{"id":74322,"structure_id":13582,"section_number":"13.1-1099.24","catch_line":"Disclosure required when foreign series limited liability company or foreign protected series subject to proceeding","url":"\/13.1-1099.24\/","token":"13.1\/12\/16\/13.1-1099.24","metadata":false},{"id":73126,"structure_id":13582,"section_number":"13.1-1099.25","catch_line":"Uniformity of application and construction","url":"\/13.1-1099.25\/","token":"13.1\/12\/16\/13.1-1099.25","metadata":false},{"id":70064,"structure_id":13582,"section_number":"13.1-1099.26","catch_line":"Effect on certain actions","url":"\/13.1-1099.26\/","token":"13.1\/12\/16\/13.1-1099.26","metadata":false},{"id":79318,"structure_id":13582,"section_number":"13.1-1099.27","catch_line":"Relation to Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act","url":"\/13.1-1099.27\/","token":"13.1\/12\/16\/13.1-1099.27","metadata":false},{"id":83034,"structure_id":13582,"section_number":"13.1-1099.3","catch_line":"Associated members","url":"\/13.1-1099.3\/","token":"13.1\/12\/16\/13.1-1099.3","metadata":false},{"id":83613,"structure_id":13582,"section_number":"13.1-1099.4","catch_line":"Protected series membership interests","url":"\/13.1-1099.4\/","token":"13.1\/12\/16\/13.1-1099.4","metadata":false},{"id":55609,"structure_id":13582,"section_number":"13.1-1099.5","catch_line":"Management","url":"\/13.1-1099.5\/","token":"13.1\/12\/16\/13.1-1099.5","metadata":false},{"id":63606,"structure_id":13582,"section_number":"13.1-1099.6","catch_line":"Right of person not associated member of protected series to information concerning protected series","url":"\/13.1-1099.6\/","token":"13.1\/12\/16\/13.1-1099.6","metadata":false},{"id":64314,"structure_id":13582,"section_number":"13.1-1099.7","catch_line":"Limitations on liability","url":"\/13.1-1099.7\/","token":"13.1\/12\/16\/13.1-1099.7","metadata":false},{"id":59684,"structure_id":13582,"section_number":"13.1-1099.8","catch_line":"Claim seeking to disregard limitation of liability","url":"\/13.1-1099.8\/","token":"13.1\/12\/16\/13.1-1099.8","metadata":false},{"id":59181,"structure_id":13582,"section_number":"13.1-1099.9","catch_line":"Remedies of judgment creditor of associated member or protected series assignee","url":"\/13.1-1099.9\/","token":"13.1\/12\/16\/13.1-1099.9","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":63606,"structure_id":13582,"section_number":"13.1-1099.6","catch_line":"Right of person not associated member of protected series to information concerning protected series","url":"\/13.1-1099.6\/","token":"13.1\/12\/16\/13.1-1099.6","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":59684,"structure_id":13582,"section_number":"13.1-1099.8","catch_line":"Claim seeking to disregard limitation of liability","url":"\/13.1-1099.8\/","token":"13.1\/12\/16\/13.1-1099.8","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/13.1-1099.7\/","history_text":"<p>This law was first created in 2019. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?191+ful+CHAP0636\">636<\/a> of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year.<\/p>","references":[{"id":84976,"section_number":"13.1-1093","catch_line":"Additional limitations on operating agreement","order_by":null,"url":"\/13.1-1093\/"},{"id":59684,"section_number":"13.1-1099.8","catch_line":"Claim seeking to disregard limitation of liability","order_by":null,"url":"\/13.1-1099.8\/"}],"refers_to":[{"id":79166,"section_number":"13.1-1099.10","catch_line":"Enforcement of claim against non-associated asset","order_by":null,"url":"\/13.1-1099.10\/"}],"permalink":{"id":148729,"object_type":"law","relational_id":64314,"identifier":"13.1-1099.7","token":"13.1\/12\/16\/13.1-1099.7","url":"\/13.1-1099.7\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/13.1-1099.7\/","token":"13.1\/12\/16\/13.1-1099.7","dublin_core":{"Title":"Limitations on liability","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 13.1-1099.7","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"A\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">A.<\/span> A <span class=\"dictionary\">person<\/span> is not liable, directly or indirectly, by way of <span class=\"dictionary\">contribution<\/span> or otherwise, for a debt, obligation, or other liability of: <a id=\"paragraph-234073\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/13.1-1099.7\/#A\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"A1\" class=\"indent-1\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">1.<\/span> A protected series of a series <span class=\"dictionary\">limited liability company<\/span> solely by reason of being or acting as:\n\t\t\t\ta. An associated <span class=\"dictionary\">member<\/span>, <span class=\"dictionary\">protected series manager<\/span>, or <span class=\"dictionary\">protected series assignee<\/span> of the protected series; or\n\t\t\t\tb. A <span class=\"dictionary\">member<\/span>, manager, or an assignee of the series <span class=\"dictionary\">limited liability company<\/span>; or <a id=\"paragraph-234074\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/13.1-1099.7\/#A1\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"A2\" class=\"indent-1\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">2.<\/span> A series <span class=\"dictionary\">limited liability company<\/span> solely by reason of being or acting as an associated <span class=\"dictionary\">member<\/span>, <span class=\"dictionary\">protected series manager<\/span>, or <span class=\"dictionary\">protected series assignee<\/span> of a protected series of the series <span class=\"dictionary\">limited liability company<\/span>. <a id=\"paragraph-234075\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/13.1-1099.7\/#A2\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"B\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">B.<\/span> Subject to \u00a7&nbsp;<a class=\"law\" title=\"Enforcement of claim against non-associated asset\" href=\"\/13.1-1099.10\/\">13.1-1099.10<\/a>, the following rules apply: <a id=\"paragraph-234076\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/13.1-1099.7\/#B\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"B1\" class=\"indent-1\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">1.<\/span> A debt, obligation, or other liability of a series <span class=\"dictionary\">limited liability company<\/span> is solely the debt, obligation, or liability of the series <span class=\"dictionary\">limited liability company<\/span>. <a id=\"paragraph-234077\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/13.1-1099.7\/#B1\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"B2\" class=\"indent-1\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">2.<\/span> A debt, obligation, or other liability of a protected series is solely the debt, obligation, or liability of the protected series. <a id=\"paragraph-234078\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/13.1-1099.7\/#B2\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"B3\" class=\"indent-1\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">3.<\/span> A series <span class=\"dictionary\">limited liability company<\/span> is not liable, directly or indirectly, by way of <span class=\"dictionary\">contribution<\/span> or otherwise, for a debt, obligation, or other liability of a protected series of the series <span class=\"dictionary\">limited liability company<\/span> solely by reason of the protected series being a protected series of the series <span class=\"dictionary\">limited liability company<\/span> or the series <span class=\"dictionary\">limited liability company<\/span>:\n\t\t\t\ta. Being or acting as a <span class=\"dictionary\">protected series manager<\/span> of the protected series;\n\t\t\t\tb. Having the protected series manage the series <span class=\"dictionary\">limited liability company<\/span>; or\n\t\t\t\tc. Owning a <span class=\"dictionary\">protected series membership interest<\/span> of the protected series. <a id=\"paragraph-234079\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/13.1-1099.7\/#B3\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"B4\" class=\"indent-1\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">4.<\/span> A protected series of a series <span class=\"dictionary\">limited liability company<\/span> is not liable, directly or indirectly, by way of <span class=\"dictionary\">contribution<\/span> or otherwise, for a debt, obligation, or other liability of the series <span class=\"dictionary\">limited liability company<\/span> or another protected series of the series <span class=\"dictionary\">limited liability company<\/span> solely by reason of:\n\t\t\t\ta. Being a protected series of the series <span class=\"dictionary\">limited liability company<\/span>;\n\t\t\t\tb. Being or acting as a manager of the series <span class=\"dictionary\">limited liability company<\/span> or a <span class=\"dictionary\">protected series manager<\/span> of another protected series of the series <span class=\"dictionary\">limited liability company<\/span>; or\n\t\t\t\tc. Having the series <span class=\"dictionary\">limited liability company<\/span> or another protected series of the series <span class=\"dictionary\">limited liability company<\/span> be or act as a <span class=\"dictionary\">protected series manager<\/span> of the protected series. <a id=\"paragraph-234080\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/13.1-1099.7\/#B4\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":"                                 CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nLIMITATIONS ON LIABILITY (\u00a7 13.1-1099.7)\n\nA. A person is not liable, directly or indirectly, by way of contribution or\notherwise, for a debt, obligation, or other liability of:\n\n   1. A protected series of a series limited liability company solely by reason\n   of being or acting as:\n   \t\t\t\ta. An associated member, protected series manager, or protected series\n   assignee of the protected series; or\n   \t\t\t\tb. A member, manager, or an assignee of the series limited liability\n   company; or\n\n   2. A series limited liability company solely by reason of being or acting as\n   an associated member, protected series manager, or protected series assignee\n   of a protected series of the series limited liability company.\n\nB. Subject to \u00a7 13.1-1099.10, the following rules apply:\n\n   1. A debt, obligation, or other liability of a series limited liability\n   company is solely the debt, obligation, or liability of the series limited\n   liability company.\n\n   2. A debt, obligation, or other liability of a protected series is solely the\n   debt, obligation, or liability of the protected series.\n\n   3. A series limited liability company is not liable, directly or indirectly,\n   by way of contribution or otherwise, for a debt, obligation, or other\n   liability of a protected series of the series limited liability company solely\n   by reason of the protected series being a protected series of the series\n   limited liability company or the series limited liability company:\n   \t\t\t\ta. Being or acting as a protected series manager of the protected series;\n   \t\t\t\tb. Having the protected series manage the series limited liability\n   company; or\n   \t\t\t\tc. Owning a protected series membership interest of the protected series.\n\n   4. A protected series of a series limited liability company is not liable,\n   directly or indirectly, by way of contribution or otherwise, for a debt,\n   obligation, or other liability of the series limited liability company or\n   another protected series of the series limited liability company solely by\n   reason of:\n   \t\t\t\ta. Being a protected series of the series limited liability company;\n   \t\t\t\tb. Being or acting as a manager of the series limited liability company or\n   a protected series manager of another protected series of the series limited\n   liability company; or\n   \t\t\t\tc. Having the series limited liability company or another protected series\n   of the series limited liability company be or act as a protected series\n   manager of the protected series.\n\nHISTORY: 2019, c. 636.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}