{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/13.1-1102.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/13.1-1102.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/13.1-1102.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/13.1-1102.html"}],"law_id":57431,"edition_id":1,"section_id":57431,"structure_id":13722,"section_number":"13.1-1102","catch_line":"Definitions","history":"1992, c. 574; 1993, c. 113; 1994, c. 349; 1996, c. 265; 1999, c. 83; 2000, cc. 194, 688, 763; 2003, c. 678; 2008, c. 265; 2009, c. 309; 2017, c. 314; 2020, c. 726; 2023, c. 183.","full_text":"A\n\nAs used in this chapter:\n\t\t\t“Professional business entity” means any entity as defined in \u00a7 13.1-603 that is duly licensed or otherwise legally authorized under the laws of the Commonwealth or the laws of the jurisdiction under whose laws the entity is formed to render the same professional service as that for which a professional corporation or professional limited liability company may be organized, including, but not limited to, (i) a professional limited liability company as defined in this subsection, (ii) a professional corporation as defined in subsection A of \u00a7 13.1-543, or (iii) a partnership that is registered as a registered limited liability partnership under \u00a7 50-73.132, all of the partners of which are duly licensed or otherwise legally authorized to render the same professional services as those for which the partnership was organized.\n\t\t\t“Professional limited liability company” means a limited liability company whose articles of organization set forth a sole and specific purpose permitted by this chapter and that is either (i) organized under this chapter for the sole and specific purpose of rendering professional service other than that of architects, professional engineers, land surveyors, or landscape architects, or using a title other than that of certified interior designers and, except as expressly otherwise permitted by this chapter, that has as its members only individuals or professional business entities that are duly licensed or otherwise legally authorized to render the same professional service as the professional limited liability company or (ii) organized under this chapter for the sole and specific purpose of rendering professional service of architects, professional engineers, land surveyors, or landscape architects or using the title of certified interior designers, or any combination thereof, and at least two-thirds of whose membership interests are held by persons duly licensed within the Commonwealth to perform the services of an architect, professional engineer, land surveyor, or landscape architect, or by persons legally authorized within the Commonwealth to use the title of certified interior designer; or (iii) organized under this chapter for the sole and specific purpose of rendering the professional services of one or more practitioners of the healing arts, licensed under the provisions of Chapter 29 (\u00a7 54.1-2900 et seq.) of Title 54.1, or one or more advanced practice registered nurses, licensed under Chapter 29 (\u00a7 54.1-2900 et seq.) of Title 54.1, or one or more optometrists licensed under the provisions of Chapter 32 (\u00a7 54.1-3200 et seq.) of Title 54.1, or one or more physical therapists and physical therapist assistants licensed under the provisions of Chapter 34.1 (\u00a7 54.1-3473 et seq.) of Title 54.1, or one or more practitioners of the behavioral science professions, licensed under the provisions of Chapter 35 (\u00a7 54.1-3500 et seq.), 36 (\u00a7 54.1-3600 et seq.) or 37 (\u00a7 54.1-3700 et seq.) of Title 54.1, or one or more practitioners of audiology or speech pathology, licensed under the provisions of Chapter 26 (\u00a7 54.1-2600 et seq.) of Title 54.1, or any combination of practitioners of the healing arts, advanced practice registered nursing, optometry, physical therapy, the behavioral science professions, and audiology or speech pathology and all of whose members are individuals or professional business entities duly licensed or otherwise legally authorized to perform the services of a practitioner of the healing arts, advanced practice registered nursing, optometry, physical therapy, the behavioral science professions, audiology or speech pathology; however, nothing herein shall be construed so as to allow any member of the healing arts, optometry, physical therapy, the behavioral science professions, or audiology or speech pathology or an advanced practice registered nurse to conduct that person’s practice in a manner contrary to the standards of ethics of that person’s branch of the healing arts, optometry, physical therapy, the behavioral science professions, audiology or speech pathology, or advanced practice registered nursing, as the case may be.\n\t\t\t“Professional services” means any type of personal service to the public that requires as a condition precedent to the rendering of that service or the use of that title the obtaining of a license, certification, or other legal authorization and shall be limited to the personal services rendered by pharmacists, optometrists, physical therapists and physical therapist assistants, practitioners of the healing arts, advanced practice registered nurses, practitioners of the behavioral science professions, veterinarians, surgeons, dentists, architects, professional engineers, land surveyors, landscape architects, certified interior designers, public accountants, certified public accountants, attorneys at law, insurance consultants, and audiologists or speech pathologists. For the purposes of this chapter, the following shall be deemed to be rendering the same professional services:1\n\nArchitects, professional engineers, and land surveyors; and2\n\nPractitioners of the healing arts, licensed under the provisions of Chapter 29 (§ 54.1-2900 et seq.) of Title 54.1, advanced practice registered nurses, licensed under Chapter 29 (§ 54.1-2900 et seq.) of Title 54.1, optometrists, licensed under the provisions of Chapter 32 (§ 54.1-3200 et seq.) of Title 54.1, physical therapists, licensed under the provisions of Chapter 34.1 (§ 54.1-3473 et seq.) of Title 54.1, and practitioners of the behavioral science professions, licensed under the provisions of Chapters 35 (§ 54.1-3500 et seq.), 36 (§ 54.1-3600 et seq.), and 37 (§ 54.1-3700 et seq.) of Title 54.1.B\n\nPersons who practice the healing art of performing professional clinical laboratory services within a hospital pathology laboratory shall be legally authorized to do so for purposes of this chapter if such persons (i) hold a doctorate degree in the biological sciences or a board certification in the clinical laboratory sciences and (ii) are tenured faculty members of an accredited medical school that is an “institution” as that term is defined in § 23.1-1100.C\n\nExcept as expressly otherwise provided, all terms defined in § 13.1-1002 shall have the same meanings for purposes of this chapter.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":210445,"text":"As used in this chapter:\n\t\t\t“Professional business entity” means any entity as defined in \u00a7 13.1-603 that is duly licensed or otherwise legally authorized under the laws of the Commonwealth or the laws of the jurisdiction under whose laws the entity is formed to render the same professional service as that for which a professional corporation or professional limited liability company may be organized, including, but not limited to, (i) a professional limited liability company as defined in this subsection, (ii) a professional corporation as defined in subsection A of \u00a7 13.1-543, or (iii) a partnership that is registered as a registered limited liability partnership under \u00a7 50-73.132, all of the partners of which are duly licensed or otherwise legally authorized to render the same professional services as those for which the partnership was organized.\n\t\t\t“Professional limited liability company” means a limited liability company whose articles of organization set forth a sole and specific purpose permitted by this chapter and that is either (i) organized under this chapter for the sole and specific purpose of rendering professional service other than that of architects, professional engineers, land surveyors, or landscape architects, or using a title other than that of certified interior designers and, except as expressly otherwise permitted by this chapter, that has as its members only individuals or professional business entities that are duly licensed or otherwise legally authorized to render the same professional service as the professional limited liability company or (ii) organized under this chapter for the sole and specific purpose of rendering professional service of architects, professional engineers, land surveyors, or landscape architects or using the title of certified interior designers, or any combination thereof, and at least two-thirds of whose membership interests are held by persons duly licensed within the Commonwealth to perform the services of an architect, professional engineer, land surveyor, or landscape architect, or by persons legally authorized within the Commonwealth to use the title of certified interior designer; or (iii) organized under this chapter for the sole and specific purpose of rendering the professional services of one or more practitioners of the healing arts, licensed under the provisions of Chapter 29 (\u00a7 54.1-2900 et seq.) of Title 54.1, or one or more advanced practice registered nurses, licensed under Chapter 29 (\u00a7 54.1-2900 et seq.) of Title 54.1, or one or more optometrists licensed under the provisions of Chapter 32 (\u00a7 54.1-3200 et seq.) of Title 54.1, or one or more physical therapists and physical therapist assistants licensed under the provisions of Chapter 34.1 (\u00a7 54.1-3473 et seq.) of Title 54.1, or one or more practitioners of the behavioral science professions, licensed under the provisions of Chapter 35 (\u00a7 54.1-3500 et seq.), 36 (\u00a7 54.1-3600 et seq.) or 37 (\u00a7 54.1-3700 et seq.) of Title 54.1, or one or more practitioners of audiology or speech pathology, licensed under the provisions of Chapter 26 (\u00a7 54.1-2600 et seq.) of Title 54.1, or any combination of practitioners of the healing arts, advanced practice registered nursing, optometry, physical therapy, the behavioral science professions, and audiology or speech pathology and all of whose members are individuals or professional business entities duly licensed or otherwise legally authorized to perform the services of a practitioner of the healing arts, advanced practice registered nursing, optometry, physical therapy, the behavioral science professions, audiology or speech pathology; however, nothing herein shall be construed so as to allow any member of the healing arts, optometry, physical therapy, the behavioral science professions, or audiology or speech pathology or an advanced practice registered nurse to conduct that person’s practice in a manner contrary to the standards of ethics of that person’s branch of the healing arts, optometry, physical therapy, the behavioral science professions, audiology or speech pathology, or advanced practice registered nursing, as the case may be.\n\t\t\t“Professional services” means any type of personal service to the public that requires as a condition precedent to the rendering of that service or the use of that title the obtaining of a license, certification, or other legal authorization and shall be limited to the personal services rendered by pharmacists, optometrists, physical therapists and physical therapist assistants, practitioners of the healing arts, advanced practice registered nurses, practitioners of the behavioral science professions, veterinarians, surgeons, dentists, architects, professional engineers, land surveyors, landscape architects, certified interior designers, public accountants, certified public accountants, attorneys at law, insurance consultants, and audiologists or speech pathologists. For the purposes of this chapter, the following shall be deemed to be rendering the same professional services:","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"A1"},"1":{"id":210446,"text":"Architects, professional engineers, and land surveyors; and","type":"section","prefixes":["A","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"A1","prefix_anchor":"A1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"A2"},"2":{"id":210447,"text":"Practitioners of the healing arts, licensed under the provisions of Chapter 29 (§ 54.1-2900 et seq.) of Title 54.1, advanced practice registered nurses, licensed under Chapter 29 (§ 54.1-2900 et seq.) of Title 54.1, optometrists, licensed under the provisions of Chapter 32 (§ 54.1-3200 et seq.) of Title 54.1, physical therapists, licensed under the provisions of Chapter 34.1 (§ 54.1-3473 et seq.) of Title 54.1, and practitioners of the behavioral science professions, licensed under the provisions of Chapters 35 (§ 54.1-3500 et seq.), 36 (§ 54.1-3600 et seq.), and 37 (§ 54.1-3700 et seq.) of Title 54.1.","type":"section","prefixes":["A","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"A2","prefix_anchor":"A2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A1","next_prefix":"B"},"3":{"id":210448,"text":"Persons who practice the healing art of performing professional clinical laboratory services within a hospital pathology laboratory shall be legally authorized to do so for purposes of this chapter if such persons (i) hold a doctorate degree in the biological sciences or a board certification in the clinical laboratory sciences and (ii) are tenured faculty members of an accredited medical school that is an “institution” as that term is defined in § 23.1-1100.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A2","next_prefix":"C"},"4":{"id":210449,"text":"Except as expressly otherwise provided, all terms defined in § 13.1-1002 shall have the same meanings for purposes of this chapter.","type":"section","prefixes":["C"],"prefix":"C","entire_prefix":"C","prefix_anchor":"C","level":1,"prior_prefix":"B"}},"ancestry":[{"id":13722,"edition_id":1,"name":"Virginia Professional Limited Liability Company Act","identifier":"13","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12744,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:45:40","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:45:40","permalink":{"id":149009,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13722,"identifier":"13","token":"13.1\/13","url":"\/13.1\/13\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12744,"edition_id":1,"name":"Corporations","identifier":"13.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","permalink":{"id":147493,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12744,"identifier":"13.1","token":"13.1","url":"\/13.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":83306,"structure_id":13722,"section_number":"13.1-1100","catch_line":"Reservation of power to amend or repeal","url":"\/13.1-1100\/","token":"13.1\/13\/13.1-1100","metadata":false},{"id":67914,"structure_id":13722,"section_number":"13.1-1101","catch_line":"Legislative purpose","url":"\/13.1-1101\/","token":"13.1\/13\/13.1-1101","metadata":false},{"id":80168,"structure_id":13722,"section_number":"13.1-1101.1","catch_line":"Practice of certain professions by limited liability companies","url":"\/13.1-1101.1\/","token":"13.1\/13\/13.1-1101.1","metadata":false},{"id":57431,"structure_id":13722,"section_number":"13.1-1102","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/13.1-1102\/","token":"13.1\/13\/13.1-1102","metadata":false},{"id":65629,"structure_id":13722,"section_number":"13.1-1103","catch_line":"Who may become a member","url":"\/13.1-1103\/","token":"13.1\/13\/13.1-1103","metadata":false},{"id":70376,"structure_id":13722,"section_number":"13.1-1104","catch_line":"Use of initials \"P.L.C.,\" \"PLC,\" \"P.L.L.C.\" or \"PLLC\" in company name","url":"\/13.1-1104\/","token":"13.1\/13\/13.1-1104","metadata":false},{"id":71407,"structure_id":13722,"section_number":"13.1-1105","catch_line":"Certificate of authority for foreign professional limited liability company","url":"\/13.1-1105\/","token":"13.1\/13\/13.1-1105","metadata":false},{"id":54716,"structure_id":13722,"section_number":"13.1-1106","catch_line":"Merger with foreign professional limited liability company or foreign professional corporation","url":"\/13.1-1106\/","token":"13.1\/13\/13.1-1106","metadata":false},{"id":62219,"structure_id":13722,"section_number":"13.1-1107","catch_line":"How limited liability company may render professional services; nonprofessional employees and agents; members and managers need not be employees, etc","url":"\/13.1-1107\/","token":"13.1\/13\/13.1-1107","metadata":false},{"id":62134,"structure_id":13722,"section_number":"13.1-1108","catch_line":"Professional law limited liability company may qualify as executor, administrator or in other fiduciary capacity","url":"\/13.1-1108\/","token":"13.1\/13\/13.1-1108","metadata":false},{"id":54790,"structure_id":13722,"section_number":"13.1-1109","catch_line":"Professional relationships not affected; liability for debts, etc., of limited liability company, its members, managers, employees, and agents","url":"\/13.1-1109\/","token":"13.1\/13\/13.1-1109","metadata":false},{"id":62964,"structure_id":13722,"section_number":"13.1-1110","catch_line":"Professional limited liability company not to engage in other business; investment of funds","url":"\/13.1-1110\/","token":"13.1\/13\/13.1-1110","metadata":false},{"id":70033,"structure_id":13722,"section_number":"13.1-1111","catch_line":"Qualifications of members and managers; special provisions for limited liability companies rendering service of architects, professional engineers, land surveyors and landscape architects, and using the title of certified interior designers","url":"\/13.1-1111\/","token":"13.1\/13\/13.1-1111","metadata":false},{"id":80980,"structure_id":13722,"section_number":"13.1-1112","catch_line":"Special provision for limited liability company engaged in practice of accounting","url":"\/13.1-1112\/","token":"13.1\/13\/13.1-1112","metadata":false},{"id":78944,"structure_id":13722,"section_number":"13.1-1113","catch_line":"Registration certificate required for limited liability company engaged in practice of law","url":"\/13.1-1113\/","token":"13.1\/13\/13.1-1113","metadata":false},{"id":56941,"structure_id":13722,"section_number":"13.1-1114","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/13.1-1114\/","token":"13.1\/13\/13.1-1114","metadata":false},{"id":76113,"structure_id":13722,"section_number":"13.1-1115","catch_line":"Transfer of membership interests","url":"\/13.1-1115\/","token":"13.1\/13\/13.1-1115","metadata":false},{"id":73170,"structure_id":13722,"section_number":"13.1-1116","catch_line":"Disqualification of member, manager, agent or employee","url":"\/13.1-1116\/","token":"13.1\/13\/13.1-1116","metadata":false},{"id":59572,"structure_id":13722,"section_number":"13.1-1117","catch_line":"Conversion into nonprofessional company; disposition of membership interests of deceased or disqualified members","url":"\/13.1-1117\/","token":"13.1\/13\/13.1-1117","metadata":false},{"id":82390,"structure_id":13722,"section_number":"13.1-1118","catch_line":"Management","url":"\/13.1-1118\/","token":"13.1\/13\/13.1-1118","metadata":false},{"id":74108,"structure_id":13722,"section_number":"13.1-1119","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/13.1-1119\/","token":"13.1\/13\/13.1-1119","metadata":false},{"id":72527,"structure_id":13722,"section_number":"13.1-1120","catch_line":"Income and property taxes","url":"\/13.1-1120\/","token":"13.1\/13\/13.1-1120","metadata":false},{"id":77894,"structure_id":13722,"section_number":"13.1-1121","catch_line":"Merger","url":"\/13.1-1121\/","token":"13.1\/13\/13.1-1121","metadata":false},{"id":67429,"structure_id":13722,"section_number":"13.1-1122","catch_line":"Application of Chapter 12 of this title","url":"\/13.1-1122\/","token":"13.1\/13\/13.1-1122","metadata":false},{"id":83643,"structure_id":13722,"section_number":"13.1-1123","catch_line":"Coordination with other provisions of Virginia Code","url":"\/13.1-1123\/","token":"13.1\/13\/13.1-1123","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":80168,"structure_id":13722,"section_number":"13.1-1101.1","catch_line":"Practice of certain professions by limited liability companies","url":"\/13.1-1101.1\/","token":"13.1\/13\/13.1-1101.1","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":65629,"structure_id":13722,"section_number":"13.1-1103","catch_line":"Who may become a member","url":"\/13.1-1103\/","token":"13.1\/13\/13.1-1103","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/13.1-1102\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 1992. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 574 of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. Unfortunately, the 1992 \u201cActs\u201d aren\u2019t available online. It has been modified 11 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 1993, chapter 113; in 1994, chapter 349<\/a>; in 1996, chapter 265<\/a>; in 1999, chapter 83<\/a>; in 2000, chapters 194<\/a>, 688<\/a>, and 763<\/a>; in 2003, chapter 678<\/a>; in 2008, chapter 265<\/a>; in 2009, chapter 309<\/a>; in 2017, chapter 314<\/a>; in 2020, chapter 726<\/a>; in 2023, chapter 183<\/a>.<\/p>","references":[{"id":80168,"section_number":"13.1-1101.1","catch_line":"Practice of certain professions by limited liability companies","order_by":null,"url":"\/13.1-1101.1\/"},{"id":70376,"section_number":"13.1-1104","catch_line":"Use of initials \"P.L.C.,\" \"PLC,\" \"P.L.L.C.\" or \"PLLC\" in company name","order_by":null,"url":"\/13.1-1104\/"},{"id":71407,"section_number":"13.1-1105","catch_line":"Certificate of authority for foreign professional limited liability company","order_by":null,"url":"\/13.1-1105\/"},{"id":81002,"section_number":"13.1-514","catch_line":"Exemptions","order_by":null,"url":"\/13.1-514\/"},{"id":66461,"section_number":"13.1-543","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/13.1-543\/"},{"id":70430,"section_number":"54.1-111","catch_line":"Unlawful acts; prosecution; proceedings in equity; civil penalty","order_by":null,"url":"\/54.1-111\/"},{"id":79489,"section_number":"8.01-581.1","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.01-581.1\/"}],"refers_to":[{"id":65011,"section_number":"13.1-1002","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/13.1-1002\/"},{"id":66461,"section_number":"13.1-543","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/13.1-543\/"},{"id":83518,"section_number":"13.1-603","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/13.1-603\/"},{"id":56977,"section_number":"50-73.132","catch_line":"Registered limited liability partnerships","order_by":null,"url":"\/50-73.132\/"},{"id":75480,"section_number":"54.1-2600","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/54.1-2600\/"},{"id":63078,"section_number":"54.1-2900","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/54.1-2900\/"},{"id":84550,"section_number":"54.1-3200","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/54.1-3200\/"},{"id":74858,"section_number":"54.1-3473","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/54.1-3473\/"},{"id":54880,"section_number":"54.1-3500","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/54.1-3500\/"},{"id":79319,"section_number":"54.1-3600","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/54.1-3600\/"},{"id":68354,"section_number":"54.1-3700","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/54.1-3700\/"}],"permalink":{"id":149023,"object_type":"law","relational_id":57431,"identifier":"13.1-1102","token":"13.1\/13\/13.1-1102","url":"\/13.1-1102\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/13.1-1102\/","token":"13.1\/13\/13.1-1102","dublin_core":{"Title":"Definitions","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 13.1-1102","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A.<\/span> As used in this chapter:\n\t\t\t“Professional business entity<\/span>” means any entity as defined in \u00a7 13.1-603<\/a> that is duly licensed or otherwise legally authorized under the laws<\/span> of the Commonwealth or the laws<\/span> of the jurisdiction<\/span> under whose laws<\/span> the entity is formed to render the same professional service as that for which a professional corporation or professional limited liability company<\/span> may be organized, including, but not limited to, (i) a professional limited liability company<\/span> as defined in this subsection, (ii) a professional corporation as defined in subsection A of \u00a7 13.1-543<\/a>, or (iii) a partnership that is registered as a registered limited liability partnership under \u00a7 50-73.132<\/a>, all of the partners of which are duly licensed or otherwise legally authorized to render the same professional services<\/span> as those for which the partnership was organized.\n\t\t\t“Professional limited liability company<\/span>” means a limited liability company whose articles of organization set forth a sole and specific purpose permitted by this chapter and that is either (i) organized under this chapter for the sole and specific purpose of rendering professional service other than that of architects, professional engineers, land surveyors, or landscape architects, or using a title other than that of certified interior designers and, except as expressly otherwise permitted by this chapter, that has as its members only individuals or professional business entities that are duly licensed or otherwise legally authorized to render the same professional service as the professional limited liability company<\/span> or (ii) organized under this chapter for the sole and specific purpose of rendering professional service of architects, professional engineers, land surveyors, or landscape architects or using the title of certified interior designers, or any combination thereof, and at least two-thirds of whose membership interests are held by persons duly licensed within the Commonwealth to perform the services of an architect, professional engineer, land surveyor, or landscape architect, or by persons legally authorized within the Commonwealth to use the title of certified interior designer; or (iii) organized under this chapter for the sole and specific purpose of rendering the professional services<\/span> of one or more practitioners of the healing arts, licensed under the provisions of Chapter 29 (\u00a7 54.1-2900<\/a> et seq.) of Title 54.1, or one or more advanced practice registered nurses, licensed under Chapter 29 (\u00a7 54.1-2900<\/a> et seq.) of Title 54.1, or one or more optometrists licensed under the provisions of Chapter 32 (\u00a7 54.1-3200<\/a> et seq.) of Title 54.1, or one or more physical therapists and physical therapist assistants licensed under the provisions of Chapter 34.1 (\u00a7 54.1-3473<\/a> et seq.) of Title 54.1, or one or more practitioners of the behavioral science professions, licensed under the provisions of Chapter 35 (\u00a7 54.1-3500<\/a> et seq.), 36 (\u00a7 54.1-3600<\/a> et seq.) or 37 (\u00a7 54.1-3700<\/a> et seq.) of Title 54.1, or one or more practitioners of audiology or speech pathology, licensed under the provisions of Chapter 26 (\u00a7 54.1-2600<\/a> et seq.) of Title 54.1, or any combination of practitioners of the healing arts, advanced practice registered nursing, optometry, physical therapy, the behavioral science professions, and audiology or speech pathology and all of whose members are individuals or professional business entities duly licensed or otherwise legally authorized to perform the services of a practitioner of the healing arts, advanced practice registered nursing, optometry, physical therapy, the behavioral science professions, audiology or speech pathology; however, nothing herein shall be construed so as to allow any member of the healing arts, optometry, physical therapy, the behavioral science professions, or audiology or speech pathology or an advanced practice registered nurse to conduct that person’s practice in a manner contrary to the standards of ethics of that person’s branch of the healing arts, optometry, physical therapy, the behavioral science professions, audiology or speech pathology, or advanced practice registered nursing, as the case may be.\n\t\t\t“Professional services<\/span>” means any type of personal service to the public that requires as a condition precedent<\/span> to the rendering of that service or the use of that title the obtaining of a license, certification, or other legal authorization and shall be limited to the personal services rendered by pharmacists, optometrists, physical therapists and physical therapist assistants, practitioners of the healing arts, advanced practice registered nurses, practitioners of the behavioral science professions, veterinarians, surgeons, dentists, architects, professional engineers, land surveyors, landscape architects, certified interior designers, public accountants, certified public accountants, attorneys at law<\/span>, insurance consultants, and audiologists or speech pathologists. For the purposes of this chapter, the following shall be deemed to be rendering the same professional services<\/span>: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> Architects, professional engineers, and land surveyors; and <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> Practitioners of the healing arts, licensed under the provisions of Chapter 29 (§ 54.1-2900<\/a> et seq.) of Title 54.1, advanced practice registered nurses, licensed under Chapter 29 (§ 54.1-2900<\/a> et seq.) of Title 54.1, optometrists, licensed under the provisions of Chapter 32 (§ 54.1-3200<\/a> et seq.) of Title 54.1, physical therapists, licensed under the provisions of Chapter 34.1 (§ 54.1-3473<\/a> et seq.) of Title 54.1, and practitioners of the behavioral science professions, licensed under the provisions of Chapters 35 (§ 54.1-3500<\/a> et seq.), 36 (§ 54.1-3600<\/a> et seq.), and 37 (§ 54.1-3700<\/a> et seq.) of Title 54.1. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> Persons who practice the healing art of performing professional clinical laboratory services within a hospital pathology laboratory shall be legally authorized to do so for purposes of this chapter if such persons (i) hold a doctorate degree in the biological sciences or a board certification in the clinical laboratory sciences and (ii) are tenured faculty members of an accredited medical school that is an “institution” as that term is defined in § 23.1-1100<\/a>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

C.<\/span> Except as expressly otherwise provided, all terms defined in § 13.1-1002<\/a> shall have the same meanings for purposes of this chapter. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nDEFINITIONS (\u00a7 13.1-1102)\n\nA. As used in this chapter:\n\t\t\t“Professional business entity” means any entity as defined in \u00a7\n13.1-603 that is duly licensed or otherwise legally authorized under the laws of\nthe Commonwealth or the laws of the jurisdiction under whose laws the entity is\nformed to render the same professional service as that for which a professional\ncorporation or professional limited liability company may be organized,\nincluding, but not limited to, (i) a professional limited liability company as\ndefined in this subsection, (ii) a professional corporation as defined in\nsubsection A of \u00a7 13.1-543, or (iii) a partnership that is registered as a\nregistered limited liability partnership under \u00a7 50-73.132, all of the partners\nof which are duly licensed or otherwise legally authorized to render the same\nprofessional services as those for which the partnership was organized.\n\t\t\t“Professional limited liability company” means a limited\nliability company whose articles of organization set forth a sole and specific\npurpose permitted by this chapter and that is either (i) organized under this\nchapter for the sole and specific purpose of rendering professional service\nother than that of architects, professional engineers, land surveyors, or\nlandscape architects, or using a title other than that of certified interior\ndesigners and, except as expressly otherwise permitted by this chapter, that has\nas its members only individuals or professional business entities that are duly\nlicensed or otherwise legally authorized to render the same professional service\nas the professional limited liability company or (ii) organized under this\nchapter for the sole and specific purpose of rendering professional service of\narchitects, professional engineers, land surveyors, or landscape architects or\nusing the title of certified interior designers, or any combination thereof, and\nat least two-thirds of whose membership interests are held by persons duly\nlicensed within the Commonwealth to perform the services of an architect,\nprofessional engineer, land surveyor, or landscape architect, or by persons\nlegally authorized within the Commonwealth to use the title of certified\ninterior designer; or (iii) organized under this chapter for the sole and\nspecific purpose of rendering the professional services of one or more\npractitioners of the healing arts, licensed under the provisions of Chapter 29\n(\u00a7 54.1-2900 et seq.) of Title 54.1, or one or more advanced practice\nregistered nurses, licensed under Chapter 29 (\u00a7 54.1-2900 et seq.) of Title\n54.1, or one or more optometrists licensed under the provisions of Chapter 32\n(\u00a7 54.1-3200 et seq.) of Title 54.1, or one or more physical therapists and\nphysical therapist assistants licensed under the provisions of Chapter 34.1 (\u00a7\n54.1-3473 et seq.) of Title 54.1, or one or more practitioners of the behavioral\nscience professions, licensed under the provisions of Chapter 35 (\u00a7 54.1-3500\net seq.), 36 (\u00a7 54.1-3600 et seq.) or 37 (\u00a7 54.1-3700 et seq.) of Title 54.1,\nor one or more practitioners of audiology or speech pathology, licensed under\nthe provisions of Chapter 26 (\u00a7 54.1-2600 et seq.) of Title 54.1, or any\ncombination of practitioners of the healing arts, advanced practice registered\nnursing, optometry, physical therapy, the behavioral science professions, and\naudiology or speech pathology and all of whose members are individuals or\nprofessional business entities duly licensed or otherwise legally authorized to\nperform the services of a practitioner of the healing arts, advanced practice\nregistered nursing, optometry, physical therapy, the behavioral science\nprofessions, audiology or speech pathology; however, nothing herein shall be\nconstrued so as to allow any member of the healing arts, optometry, physical\ntherapy, the behavioral science professions, or audiology or speech pathology or\nan advanced practice registered nurse to conduct that person’s practice in\na manner contrary to the standards of ethics of that person’s branch of\nthe healing arts, optometry, physical therapy, the behavioral science\nprofessions, audiology or speech pathology, or advanced practice registered\nnursing, as the case may be.\n\t\t\t“Professional services” means any type of personal service to the\npublic that requires as a condition precedent to the rendering of that service\nor the use of that title the obtaining of a license, certification, or other\nlegal authorization and shall be limited to the personal services rendered by\npharmacists, optometrists, physical therapists and physical therapist\nassistants, practitioners of the healing arts, advanced practice registered\nnurses, practitioners of the behavioral science professions, veterinarians,\nsurgeons, dentists, architects, professional engineers, land surveyors,\nlandscape architects, certified interior designers, public accountants,\ncertified public accountants, attorneys at law, insurance consultants, and\naudiologists or speech pathologists. For the purposes of this chapter, the\nfollowing shall be deemed to be rendering the same professional services:\n\n 1. Architects, professional engineers, and land surveyors; and\n\n 2. Practitioners of the healing arts, licensed under the provisions of Chapter\n 29 (§ 54.1-2900 et seq.) of Title 54.1, advanced practice registered\n nurses, licensed under Chapter 29 (§ 54.1-2900 et seq.) of Title 54.1,\n optometrists, licensed under the provisions of Chapter 32 (§ 54.1-3200 et\n seq.) of Title 54.1, physical therapists, licensed under the provisions of\n Chapter 34.1 (§ 54.1-3473 et seq.) of Title 54.1, and practitioners of\n the behavioral science professions, licensed under the provisions of Chapters\n 35 (§ 54.1-3500 et seq.), 36 (§ 54.1-3600 et seq.), and 37 (§\n 54.1-3700 et seq.) of Title 54.1.\n\nB. Persons who practice the healing art of performing professional clinical\nlaboratory services within a hospital pathology laboratory shall be legally\nauthorized to do so for purposes of this chapter if such persons (i) hold a\ndoctorate degree in the biological sciences or a board certification in the\nclinical laboratory sciences and (ii) are tenured faculty members of an\naccredited medical school that is an “institution” as that term is\ndefined in § 23.1-1100.\n\nC. Except as expressly otherwise provided, all terms defined in § 13.1-1002\nshall have the same meanings for purposes of this chapter.\n\nHISTORY: 1992, c. 574; 1993, c. 113; 1994, c. 349; 1996, c. 265; 1999, c. 83;\n2000, cc. 194, 688, 763; 2003, c. 678; 2008, c. 265; 2009, c. 309; 2017, c. 314;\n2020, c. 726; 2023, c. 183.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}