{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/13.1-1279.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/13.1-1279.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/13.1-1279.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/13.1-1279.html"}],"law_id":87283,"edition_id":1,"section_id":87283,"structure_id":16293,"section_number":"13.1-1279","catch_line":"Inspection of records by beneficial owners","history":"2002, c. 621.","full_text":"A\n\nSubject to subsection C of § 13.1-1280, a beneficial owner of a business trust is entitled to inspect and copy, during regular business hours at the business trust’s principal office, any of the records of the business trust described in subsection E of § 13.1-1278 if he gives the business trust written notice of his demand at least five business days before the date on which he wishes to inspect and copy.B\n\nA beneficial owner of a business trust is entitled to inspect and copy, during regular business hours at a reasonable location specified by the business trust, any of the following records of the business trust if the beneficial owner meets the requirements of subsection C of this section and gives the business trust written notice of his demand at least five business days before the date on which he wishes to inspect and copy:1\n\nExcerpts from minutes of any meeting of the trustees, records of any action of a committee of the trustees while acting in or on behalf of the business trust, minutes of any meeting of the beneficial owners, and records of action taken by the beneficial owners or trustees without a meeting, to the extent not subject to inspection under subsection A of this section;2\n\nAccounting records of the business trust; and3\n\nThe record of beneficial owners.C\n\nA beneficial owner may inspect and copy the records identified in subsection B of this section only if:1\n\nHe has been a beneficial owner of record for at least six months immediately preceding his demand or is the holder of record of at least five percent of all of the outstanding beneficial interests;2\n\nHis demand is made in good faith and for a proper purpose;3\n\nHe describes with reasonable particularity his purpose and the records he desires to inspect; and4\n\nThe records are directly connected with his purpose.D\n\nThe right of inspection granted by this section may not be abolished or limited by a business trust’s articles of trust or governing instrument.E\n\nThis section shall not affect:1\n\nThe right of a beneficial owner to inspect records, if the beneficial owner is in litigation with the business trust, to the same extent as any other litigant; or2\n\nThe power of a court, independently of this chapter, to compel the production of trust records for examination.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":312569,"text":"Subject to subsection C of § 13.1-1280, a beneficial owner of a business trust is entitled to inspect and copy, during regular business hours at the business trust’s principal office, any of the records of the business trust described in subsection E of § 13.1-1278 if he gives the business trust written notice of his demand at least five business days before the date on which he wishes to inspect and copy.","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"B"},"1":{"id":312570,"text":"A beneficial owner of a business trust is entitled to inspect and copy, during regular business hours at a reasonable location specified by the business trust, any of the following records of the business trust if the beneficial owner meets the requirements of subsection C of this section and gives the business trust written notice of his demand at least five business days before the date on which he wishes to inspect and copy:","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"B1"},"2":{"id":312571,"text":"Excerpts from minutes of any meeting of the trustees, records of any action of a committee of the trustees while acting in or on behalf of the business trust, minutes of any meeting of the beneficial owners, and records of action taken by the beneficial owners or trustees without a meeting, to the extent not subject to inspection under subsection A of this section;","type":"section","prefixes":["B","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"B1","prefix_anchor":"B1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"B","next_prefix":"B2"},"3":{"id":312572,"text":"Accounting records of the business trust; and","type":"section","prefixes":["B","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"B2","prefix_anchor":"B2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"B1","next_prefix":"B3"},"4":{"id":312573,"text":"The record of beneficial owners.","type":"section","prefixes":["B","3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"B3","prefix_anchor":"B3","level":2,"prior_prefix":"B2","next_prefix":"C"},"5":{"id":312574,"text":"A beneficial owner may inspect and copy the records identified in subsection B of this section only if:","type":"section","prefixes":["C"],"prefix":"C","entire_prefix":"C","prefix_anchor":"C","level":1,"prior_prefix":"B3","next_prefix":"C1"},"6":{"id":312575,"text":"He has been a beneficial owner of record for at least six months immediately preceding his demand or is the holder of record of at least five percent of all of the outstanding beneficial interests;","type":"section","prefixes":["C","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"C1","prefix_anchor":"C1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"C","next_prefix":"C2"},"7":{"id":312576,"text":"His demand is made in good faith and for a proper purpose;","type":"section","prefixes":["C","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"C2","prefix_anchor":"C2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"C1","next_prefix":"C3"},"8":{"id":312577,"text":"He describes with reasonable particularity his purpose and the records he desires to inspect; and","type":"section","prefixes":["C","3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"C3","prefix_anchor":"C3","level":2,"prior_prefix":"C2","next_prefix":"C4"},"9":{"id":312578,"text":"The records are directly connected with his purpose.","type":"section","prefixes":["C","4"],"prefix":"4","entire_prefix":"C4","prefix_anchor":"C4","level":2,"prior_prefix":"C3","next_prefix":"D"},"10":{"id":312579,"text":"The right of inspection granted by this section may not be abolished or limited by a business trust’s articles of trust or governing instrument.","type":"section","prefixes":["D"],"prefix":"D","entire_prefix":"D","prefix_anchor":"D","level":1,"prior_prefix":"C4","next_prefix":"E"},"11":{"id":312580,"text":"This section shall not affect:","type":"section","prefixes":["E"],"prefix":"E","entire_prefix":"E","prefix_anchor":"E","level":1,"prior_prefix":"D","next_prefix":"E1"},"12":{"id":312581,"text":"The right of a beneficial owner to inspect records, if the beneficial owner is in litigation with the business trust, to the same extent as any other litigant; or","type":"section","prefixes":["E","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"E1","prefix_anchor":"E1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"E","next_prefix":"E2"},"13":{"id":312582,"text":"The power of a court, independently of this chapter, to compel the production of trust records for examination.","type":"section","prefixes":["E","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"E2","prefix_anchor":"E2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"E1"}},"ancestry":[{"id":16293,"edition_id":1,"name":"Reports and Records","identifier":"13","label":"article","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12745,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 04:12:53","date_modified":"2026-06-26 04:12:53","permalink":{"id":149269,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":16293,"identifier":"13","token":"13.1\/14\/13","url":"\/13.1\/14\/13\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12745,"edition_id":1,"name":"Virginia Business Trust Act","identifier":"14","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12744,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","permalink":{"id":149111,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12745,"identifier":"14","token":"13.1\/14","url":"\/13.1\/14\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12744,"edition_id":1,"name":"Corporations","identifier":"13.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","permalink":{"id":147493,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12744,"identifier":"13.1","token":"13.1","url":"\/13.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":82068,"structure_id":16293,"section_number":"13.1-1278","catch_line":"Trust records","url":"\/13.1-1278\/","token":"13.1\/14\/13\/13.1-1278","metadata":false},{"id":87283,"structure_id":16293,"section_number":"13.1-1279","catch_line":"Inspection of records by beneficial owners","url":"\/13.1-1279\/","token":"13.1\/14\/13\/13.1-1279","metadata":false},{"id":66296,"structure_id":16293,"section_number":"13.1-1280","catch_line":"Scope of inspection right","url":"\/13.1-1280\/","token":"13.1\/14\/13\/13.1-1280","metadata":false},{"id":86667,"structure_id":16293,"section_number":"13.1-1281","catch_line":"Court-ordered inspection","url":"\/13.1-1281\/","token":"13.1\/14\/13\/13.1-1281","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":82068,"structure_id":16293,"section_number":"13.1-1278","catch_line":"Trust records","url":"\/13.1-1278\/","token":"13.1\/14\/13\/13.1-1278","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":66296,"structure_id":16293,"section_number":"13.1-1280","catch_line":"Scope of inspection right","url":"\/13.1-1280\/","token":"13.1\/14\/13\/13.1-1280","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/13.1-1279\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 2002. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 621<\/a> of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year.<\/p>","references":[{"id":66296,"section_number":"13.1-1280","catch_line":"Scope of inspection right","order_by":null,"url":"\/13.1-1280\/"},{"id":86667,"section_number":"13.1-1281","catch_line":"Court-ordered inspection","order_by":null,"url":"\/13.1-1281\/"}],"refers_to":[{"id":82068,"section_number":"13.1-1278","catch_line":"Trust records","order_by":null,"url":"\/13.1-1278\/"},{"id":66296,"section_number":"13.1-1280","catch_line":"Scope of inspection right","order_by":null,"url":"\/13.1-1280\/"}],"permalink":{"id":149275,"object_type":"law","relational_id":87283,"identifier":"13.1-1279","token":"13.1\/14\/13\/13.1-1279","url":"\/13.1-1279\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/13.1-1279\/","token":"13.1\/14\/13\/13.1-1279","dublin_core":{"Title":"Inspection of records by beneficial owners","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 13.1-1279","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A.<\/span> Subject to subsection C of § 13.1-1280<\/a>, a beneficial owner<\/span> of a business trust<\/span> is entitled to inspect and copy, during regular business hours at the business trust<\/span>’s principal office, any of the records of the business trust<\/span> described in subsection E of § 13.1-1278<\/a> if he gives the business trust<\/span> written notice of his demand at least five business days before the date on which he wishes to inspect and copy. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> A beneficial owner<\/span> of a business trust<\/span> is entitled to inspect and copy, during regular business hours at a reasonable location specified by the business trust<\/span>, any of the following records of the business trust<\/span> if the beneficial owner<\/span> meets the requirements of subsection C of this section and gives the business trust<\/span> written notice of his demand at least five business days before the date on which he wishes to inspect and copy: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> Excerpts from minutes of any meeting of the trustees<\/span>, records of any action of a committee of the trustees<\/span> while acting in or on behalf of the business trust<\/span>, minutes of any meeting of the beneficial owners<\/span>, and records of action taken by the beneficial owners<\/span> or trustees<\/span> without a meeting, to the extent not subject to inspection under subsection A of this section; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> Accounting records of the business trust<\/span>; and <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

3.<\/span> The record of beneficial owners<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

C.<\/span> A beneficial owner<\/span> may inspect and copy the records identified in subsection B of this section only if: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> He has been a beneficial owner<\/span> of record for at least six months immediately preceding his demand or is the holder of record of at least five percent of all of the outstanding beneficial interests; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> His demand is made in good faith and for a proper purpose; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

3.<\/span> He describes with reasonable particularity his purpose and the records he desires to inspect; and <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

4.<\/span> The records are directly connected with his purpose. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

D.<\/span> The right of inspection granted by this section may not be abolished or limited by a business trust<\/span>’s articles of trust<\/span> or governing instrument<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

E.<\/span> This section shall not affect: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> The right of a beneficial owner<\/span> to inspect records, if the beneficial owner<\/span> is in litigation<\/span> with the business trust<\/span>, to the same extent as any other litigant<\/span>; or <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> The power of a court<\/span>, independently of this chapter, to compel the production of trust records for examination. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nINSPECTION OF RECORDS BY BENEFICIAL OWNERS (\u00a7 13.1-1279)\n\nA. Subject to subsection C of § 13.1-1280, a beneficial owner of a business\ntrust is entitled to inspect and copy, during regular business hours at the\nbusiness trust’s principal office, any of the records of the business\ntrust described in subsection E of § 13.1-1278 if he gives the business\ntrust written notice of his demand at least five business days before the date\non which he wishes to inspect and copy.\n\nB. A beneficial owner of a business trust is entitled to inspect and copy,\nduring regular business hours at a reasonable location specified by the business\ntrust, any of the following records of the business trust if the beneficial\nowner meets the requirements of subsection C of this section and gives the\nbusiness trust written notice of his demand at least five business days before\nthe date on which he wishes to inspect and copy:\n\n 1. Excerpts from minutes of any meeting of the trustees, records of any action\n of a committee of the trustees while acting in or on behalf of the business\n trust, minutes of any meeting of the beneficial owners, and records of action\n taken by the beneficial owners or trustees without a meeting, to the extent\n not subject to inspection under subsection A of this section;\n\n 2. Accounting records of the business trust; and\n\n 3. The record of beneficial owners.\n\nC. A beneficial owner may inspect and copy the records identified in subsection\nB of this section only if:\n\n 1. He has been a beneficial owner of record for at least six months\n immediately preceding his demand or is the holder of record of at least five\n percent of all of the outstanding beneficial interests;\n\n 2. His demand is made in good faith and for a proper purpose;\n\n 3. He describes with reasonable particularity his purpose and the records he\n desires to inspect; and\n\n 4. The records are directly connected with his purpose.\n\nD. The right of inspection granted by this section may not be abolished or\nlimited by a business trust’s articles of trust or governing instrument.\n\nE. This section shall not affect:\n\n 1. The right of a beneficial owner to inspect records, if the beneficial owner\n is in litigation with the business trust, to the same extent as any other\n litigant; or\n\n 2. The power of a court, independently of this chapter, to compel the\n production of trust records for examination.\n\nHISTORY: 2002, c. 621.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}