{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/13.1-601.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/13.1-601.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/13.1-601.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/13.1-601.html"}],"law_id":62759,"edition_id":1,"section_id":62759,"structure_id":15522,"section_number":"13.1-601","catch_line":"Short title","history":"Code 1950, \u00a7 13.1-1; 1956, c. 428; 1985, c. 522.","full_text":"This chapter shall be known as the Virginia Stock Corporation Act.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":228811,"text":"This chapter shall be known as the Virginia Stock Corporation Act.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1}},"ancestry":[{"id":15522,"edition_id":1,"name":"General Provisions","identifier":"1","label":"article","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12983,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:55:49","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:55:49","permalink":{"id":150165,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":15522,"identifier":"1","token":"13.1\/9\/1","url":"\/13.1\/9\/1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12983,"edition_id":1,"name":"Virginia Stock Corporation Act","identifier":"9","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12744,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:06","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:06","permalink":{"id":150163,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12983,"identifier":"9","token":"13.1\/9","url":"\/13.1\/9\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12744,"edition_id":1,"name":"Corporations","identifier":"13.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","permalink":{"id":147493,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12744,"identifier":"13.1","token":"13.1","url":"\/13.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":62759,"structure_id":15522,"section_number":"13.1-601","catch_line":"Short title","url":"\/13.1-601\/","token":"13.1\/9\/1\/13.1-601","metadata":false},{"id":81530,"structure_id":15522,"section_number":"13.1-602","catch_line":"Reservation of power to amend or repeal","url":"\/13.1-602\/","token":"13.1\/9\/1\/13.1-602","metadata":false},{"id":83518,"structure_id":15522,"section_number":"13.1-603","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/13.1-603\/","token":"13.1\/9\/1\/13.1-603","metadata":false},{"id":81223,"structure_id":15522,"section_number":"13.1-604","catch_line":"Filing requirements","url":"\/13.1-604\/","token":"13.1\/9\/1\/13.1-604","metadata":false},{"id":79230,"structure_id":15522,"section_number":"13.1-604.1","catch_line":"Filings with the Commission pursuant to reorganization","url":"\/13.1-604.1\/","token":"13.1\/9\/1\/13.1-604.1","metadata":false},{"id":71146,"structure_id":15522,"section_number":"13.1-605","catch_line":"Issuance of certificate by Commission; recordation of documents","url":"\/13.1-605\/","token":"13.1\/9\/1\/13.1-605","metadata":false},{"id":70454,"structure_id":15522,"section_number":"13.1-606","catch_line":"Effective time and date of document","url":"\/13.1-606\/","token":"13.1\/9\/1\/13.1-606","metadata":false},{"id":64529,"structure_id":15522,"section_number":"13.1-607","catch_line":"Correcting filed articles","url":"\/13.1-607\/","token":"13.1\/9\/1\/13.1-607","metadata":false},{"id":76071,"structure_id":15522,"section_number":"13.1-608","catch_line":"Evidentiary effect of copy of filed document","url":"\/13.1-608\/","token":"13.1\/9\/1\/13.1-608","metadata":false},{"id":72852,"structure_id":15522,"section_number":"13.1-609","catch_line":"Certificate of good standing","url":"\/13.1-609\/","token":"13.1\/9\/1\/13.1-609","metadata":false},{"id":82388,"structure_id":15522,"section_number":"13.1-610","catch_line":"Notices and other communications","url":"\/13.1-610\/","token":"13.1\/9\/1\/13.1-610","metadata":false},{"id":70102,"structure_id":15522,"section_number":"13.1-610.1","catch_line":"Householding","url":"\/13.1-610.1\/","token":"13.1\/9\/1\/13.1-610.1","metadata":false},{"id":72196,"structure_id":15522,"section_number":"13.1-611","catch_line":"Number of shareholders","url":"\/13.1-611\/","token":"13.1\/9\/1\/13.1-611","metadata":false},{"id":59175,"structure_id":15522,"section_number":"13.1-612","catch_line":"Penalty for signing false document","url":"\/13.1-612\/","token":"13.1\/9\/1\/13.1-612","metadata":false},{"id":83010,"structure_id":15522,"section_number":"13.1-613","catch_line":"Unlawful to transact or offer to transact business as a corporation unless authorized","url":"\/13.1-613\/","token":"13.1\/9\/1\/13.1-613","metadata":false},{"id":66358,"structure_id":15522,"section_number":"13.1-614","catch_line":"Hearing and finality of Commission action; injunctions","url":"\/13.1-614\/","token":"13.1\/9\/1\/13.1-614","metadata":false}],"next_section":{"id":81530,"structure_id":15522,"section_number":"13.1-602","catch_line":"Reservation of power to amend or repeal","url":"\/13.1-602\/","token":"13.1\/9\/1\/13.1-602","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/13.1-601\/","history_text":"<p>The record of this law\u2019s original creation isn\u2019t available online. It has been modified 2 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 1956, chapter 428; in 1985, chapter 522.<\/p>","references":[{"id":62656,"section_number":"13.1-1085","catch_line":"Articles of entity conversion","order_by":null,"url":"\/13.1-1085\/"},{"id":67122,"section_number":"13.1-1225","catch_line":"Limited liability","order_by":null,"url":"\/13.1-1225\/"},{"id":63857,"section_number":"13.1-1229","catch_line":"Trustee standards of conduct; trustee liability; restrictions on liability limitations in governing instrument","order_by":null,"url":"\/13.1-1229\/"},{"id":74257,"section_number":"13.1-1230","catch_line":"Indemnification","order_by":null,"url":"\/13.1-1230\/"},{"id":81837,"section_number":"13.1-1231","catch_line":"Capacity to sue and be sued; process; liabilities and obligations; attachment; seizure of certain assets","order_by":null,"url":"\/13.1-1231\/"},{"id":67979,"section_number":"13.1-1232","catch_line":"Right of action","order_by":null,"url":"\/13.1-1232\/"},{"id":72299,"section_number":"13.1-301","catch_line":"Organization of cooperative associations; purposes; name; par value stock required","order_by":null,"url":"\/13.1-301\/"},{"id":81575,"section_number":"13.1-311.1","catch_line":"Provisions relating to dissolution of and revocation of certificates of associations","order_by":null,"url":"\/13.1-311.1\/"},{"id":79203,"section_number":"13.1-343","catch_line":"Application of general corporation laws","order_by":null,"url":"\/13.1-343\/"},{"id":66139,"section_number":"13.1-349","catch_line":"Application of other laws","order_by":null,"url":"\/13.1-349\/"},{"id":71172,"section_number":"13.1-350","catch_line":"Revocation of election to be governed as worker cooperative; limitation on mergers","order_by":null,"url":"\/13.1-350\/"},{"id":57441,"section_number":"13.1-351","catch_line":"Qualifications of members; membership shares","order_by":null,"url":"\/13.1-351\/"},{"id":69417,"section_number":"13.1-542.1","catch_line":"Practice of certain professions by corporations","order_by":null,"url":"\/13.1-542.1\/"},{"id":56019,"section_number":"13.1-544","catch_line":"Who may organize and become shareholder","order_by":null,"url":"\/13.1-544\/"},{"id":81234,"section_number":"13.1-556","catch_line":"Application of Chapter 9 or Chapter 10 of this title","order_by":null,"url":"\/13.1-556\/"},{"id":56269,"section_number":"13.1-627","catch_line":"General powers","order_by":null,"url":"\/13.1-627\/"},{"id":56063,"section_number":"13.1-983","catch_line":"Incorporation","order_by":null,"url":"\/13.1-983\/"},{"id":85284,"section_number":"13.1-990","catch_line":"Shares and shareholders","order_by":null,"url":"\/13.1-990\/"},{"id":81727,"section_number":"38.2-1005.1:5","catch_line":"Adoption and approval of plan of MHC conversion","order_by":null,"url":"\/38.2-1005.1_5\/"},{"id":55817,"section_number":"38.2-1016.1","catch_line":"Conversion of a health maintenance organization to an accident and sickness insurer","order_by":null,"url":"\/38.2-1016.1\/"},{"id":54578,"section_number":"50-73.62","catch_line":"Right of action","order_by":null,"url":"\/50-73.62\/"},{"id":84775,"section_number":"56-231.17","catch_line":"Articles of incorporation","order_by":null,"url":"\/56-231.17\/"},{"id":56649,"section_number":"56-231.19","catch_line":"Filing articles of incorporation; 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