{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/13.1-614.2.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/13.1-614.2.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/13.1-614.2.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/13.1-614.2.html"}],"law_id":71566,"edition_id":1,"section_id":71566,"structure_id":15717,"section_number":"13.1-614.2","catch_line":"Defective corporate actions","history":"2019, c. 734.","full_text":"A\n\nA defective corporate action shall not be void or voidable if ratified in accordance with § 13.1-614.3 or validated in accordance with § 13.1-614.8.B\n\nRatification under § 13.1-614.3 or validation under § 13.1-614.8 shall not be deemed to be the exclusive means of ratifying or validating any defective corporate action, and the absence or failure of ratification in accordance with this article shall not, of itself, affect the validity or effectiveness of any corporate action properly ratified under this chapter, common law, or otherwise, nor shall it create a presumption that any such corporate action is or was a defective corporate action or void or voidable.C\n\nIn the case of an over-issuance of shares, putative shares shall be valid shares effective as of the date originally issued or purportedly issued upon:1\n\nThe effectiveness under this article and under Article 11 (§ 13.1-705 et seq.) of an amendment of the articles of incorporation authorizing, designating, or creating such shares; or2\n\nThe effectiveness of any other corporate action under this article ratifying the authorization, designation, or creation of such shares.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":257968,"text":"A defective corporate action shall not be void or voidable if ratified in accordance with § 13.1-614.3 or validated in accordance with § 13.1-614.8.","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"B"},"1":{"id":257969,"text":"Ratification under § 13.1-614.3 or validation under § 13.1-614.8 shall not be deemed to be the exclusive means of ratifying or validating any defective corporate action, and the absence or failure of ratification in accordance with this article shall not, of itself, affect the validity or effectiveness of any corporate action properly ratified under this chapter, common law, or otherwise, nor shall it create a presumption that any such corporate action is or was a defective corporate action or void or voidable.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"C"},"2":{"id":257970,"text":"In the case of an over-issuance of shares, putative shares shall be valid shares effective as of the date originally issued or purportedly issued upon:","type":"section","prefixes":["C"],"prefix":"C","entire_prefix":"C","prefix_anchor":"C","level":1,"prior_prefix":"B","next_prefix":"C1"},"3":{"id":257971,"text":"The effectiveness under this article and under Article 11 (§ 13.1-705 et seq.) of an amendment of the articles of incorporation authorizing, designating, or creating such shares; or","type":"section","prefixes":["C","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"C1","prefix_anchor":"C1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"C","next_prefix":"C2"},"4":{"id":257972,"text":"The effectiveness of any other corporate action under this article ratifying the authorization, designation, or creation of such shares.","type":"section","prefixes":["C","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"C2","prefix_anchor":"C2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"C1"}},"ancestry":[{"id":15717,"edition_id":1,"name":"Ratification of Defective Corporate Actions","identifier":"1.1","label":"article","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12983,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:58:16","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:58:16","permalink":{"id":150231,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":15717,"identifier":"1.1","token":"13.1\/9\/1.1","url":"\/13.1\/9\/1.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12983,"edition_id":1,"name":"Virginia Stock Corporation Act","identifier":"9","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12744,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:06","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:06","permalink":{"id":150163,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12983,"identifier":"9","token":"13.1\/9","url":"\/13.1\/9\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12744,"edition_id":1,"name":"Corporations","identifier":"13.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","permalink":{"id":147493,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12744,"identifier":"13.1","token":"13.1","url":"\/13.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":60239,"structure_id":15717,"section_number":"13.1-614.1","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/13.1-614.1\/","token":"13.1\/9\/1.1\/13.1-614.1","metadata":false},{"id":71566,"structure_id":15717,"section_number":"13.1-614.2","catch_line":"Defective corporate actions","url":"\/13.1-614.2\/","token":"13.1\/9\/1.1\/13.1-614.2","metadata":false},{"id":67483,"structure_id":15717,"section_number":"13.1-614.3","catch_line":"Ratification of defective corporate actions","url":"\/13.1-614.3\/","token":"13.1\/9\/1.1\/13.1-614.3","metadata":false},{"id":65190,"structure_id":15717,"section_number":"13.1-614.4","catch_line":"Action of ratification","url":"\/13.1-614.4\/","token":"13.1\/9\/1.1\/13.1-614.4","metadata":false},{"id":82085,"structure_id":15717,"section_number":"13.1-614.5","catch_line":"Notice","url":"\/13.1-614.5\/","token":"13.1\/9\/1.1\/13.1-614.5","metadata":false},{"id":85070,"structure_id":15717,"section_number":"13.1-614.6","catch_line":"Effect of ratification","url":"\/13.1-614.6\/","token":"13.1\/9\/1.1\/13.1-614.6","metadata":false},{"id":73598,"structure_id":15717,"section_number":"13.1-614.7","catch_line":"Filings","url":"\/13.1-614.7\/","token":"13.1\/9\/1.1\/13.1-614.7","metadata":false},{"id":73843,"structure_id":15717,"section_number":"13.1-614.8","catch_line":"Commission proceedings regarding validity of corporate actions","url":"\/13.1-614.8\/","token":"13.1\/9\/1.1\/13.1-614.8","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":60239,"structure_id":15717,"section_number":"13.1-614.1","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/13.1-614.1\/","token":"13.1\/9\/1.1\/13.1-614.1","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":67483,"structure_id":15717,"section_number":"13.1-614.3","catch_line":"Ratification of defective corporate actions","url":"\/13.1-614.3\/","token":"13.1\/9\/1.1\/13.1-614.3","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/13.1-614.2\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 2019. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 734<\/a> of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":[{"id":67483,"section_number":"13.1-614.3","catch_line":"Ratification of defective corporate actions","order_by":null,"url":"\/13.1-614.3\/"},{"id":73843,"section_number":"13.1-614.8","catch_line":"Commission proceedings regarding validity of corporate actions","order_by":null,"url":"\/13.1-614.8\/"},{"id":71609,"section_number":"13.1-705","catch_line":"Authority to amend articles of incorporation","order_by":null,"url":"\/13.1-705\/"}],"permalink":{"id":150237,"object_type":"law","relational_id":71566,"identifier":"13.1-614.2","token":"13.1\/9\/1.1\/13.1-614.2","url":"\/13.1-614.2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/13.1-614.2\/","token":"13.1\/9\/1.1\/13.1-614.2","dublin_core":{"Title":"Defective corporate actions","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 13.1-614.2","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A.<\/span> A defective corporate action<\/span> shall not be void or voidable if ratified in accordance with § 13.1-614.3<\/a> or validated in accordance with § 13.1-614.8<\/a>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> Ratification under § 13.1-614.3<\/a> or validation under § 13.1-614.8<\/a> shall not be deemed to be the exclusive means of ratifying or validating any defective corporate action<\/span>, and the absence or failure of ratification in accordance with this article shall not, of itself, affect the validity or effectiveness of any corporate action properly ratified under this chapter, common law<\/span>, or otherwise, nor shall it create a presumption<\/span> that any such corporate action is or was a defective corporate action<\/span> or void or voidable. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

C.<\/span> In the case of an over-issuance of shares<\/span>, putative shares<\/span> shall be valid shares<\/span> effective as of the date originally issued or purportedly issued upon: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> The effectiveness under this article and under Article 11 (§ 13.1-705<\/a> et seq.) of an amendment of the articles of incorporation<\/span> authorizing, designating, or creating such shares; or <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> The effectiveness of any other corporate action under this article ratifying the authorization, designation, or creation of such shares. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nDEFECTIVE CORPORATE ACTIONS (\u00a7 13.1-614.2)\n\nA. A defective corporate action shall not be void or voidable if ratified in\naccordance with § 13.1-614.3 or validated in accordance with §\n13.1-614.8.\n\nB. Ratification under § 13.1-614.3 or validation under § 13.1-614.8\nshall not be deemed to be the exclusive means of ratifying or validating any\ndefective corporate action, and the absence or failure of ratification in\naccordance with this article shall not, of itself, affect the validity or\neffectiveness of any corporate action properly ratified under this chapter,\ncommon law, or otherwise, nor shall it create a presumption that any such\ncorporate action is or was a defective corporate action or void or voidable.\n\nC. In the case of an over-issuance of shares, putative shares shall be valid\nshares effective as of the date originally issued or purportedly issued upon:\n\n 1. The effectiveness under this article and under Article 11 (§ 13.1-705\n et seq.) of an amendment of the articles of incorporation authorizing,\n designating, or creating such shares; or\n\n 2. The effectiveness of any other corporate action under this article\n ratifying the authorization, designation, or creation of such shares.\n\nHISTORY: 2019, c. 734.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}