{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/13.1-693.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/13.1-693.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/13.1-693.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/13.1-693.html"}],"law_id":75621,"edition_id":1,"section_id":75621,"structure_id":14362,"section_number":"13.1-693","catch_line":"Required officers","history":"Code 1950, \u00a7 13.1-45; 1956, c. 428; 1972, c. 606; 1975, c. 500; 1982, c. 372; 1985, c. 522; 1994, c. 189; 2005, c. 765; 2019, c. 734.","full_text":"A\n\nExcept as provided in an agreement authorized by &#xA7; 13.1-671.1, a corporation shall have such officers with such titles and duties as shall be described in the bylaws or in a resolution of the board of directors that is in accordance with the bylaws and as may be necessary to enable it to execute documents that comply with subsection F of &#xA7; 13.1-604.B\n\nOfficers shall be elected by the board of directors, except that an officer may appoint one or more officers or assistant officers if authorized by the bylaws or the board of directors.C\n\nThe secretary of the corporation shall have the responsibility for preparing the minutes of the directors&#8217; and shareholders&#8217; meetings and for maintaining and authenticating the records of the corporation required to be kept under subsection E of &#xA7; 13.1-770.D\n\nThe same individual may simultaneously hold more than one office in a corporation.E\n\nElection or appointment of an officer does not of itself create any contract rights in the officer or the corporation.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":271616,"text":"Except as provided in an agreement authorized by &#xA7; 13.1-671.1, a corporation shall have such officers with such titles and duties as shall be described in the bylaws or in a resolution of the board of directors that is in accordance with the bylaws and as may be necessary to enable it to execute documents that comply with subsection F of &#xA7; 13.1-604.","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"B"},"1":{"id":271617,"text":"Officers shall be elected by the board of directors, except that an officer may appoint one or more officers or assistant officers if authorized by the bylaws or the board of directors.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"C"},"2":{"id":271618,"text":"The secretary of the corporation shall have the responsibility for preparing the minutes of the directors&#8217; and shareholders&#8217; meetings and for maintaining and authenticating the records of the corporation required to be kept under subsection E of &#xA7; 13.1-770.","type":"section","prefixes":["C"],"prefix":"C","entire_prefix":"C","prefix_anchor":"C","level":1,"prior_prefix":"B","next_prefix":"D"},"3":{"id":271619,"text":"The same individual may simultaneously hold more than one office in a corporation.","type":"section","prefixes":["D"],"prefix":"D","entire_prefix":"D","prefix_anchor":"D","level":1,"prior_prefix":"C","next_prefix":"E"},"4":{"id":271620,"text":"Election or appointment of an officer does not of itself create any contract rights in the officer or the corporation.","type":"section","prefixes":["E"],"prefix":"E","entire_prefix":"E","prefix_anchor":"E","level":1,"prior_prefix":"D"}},"ancestry":[{"id":14362,"edition_id":1,"name":"Directors and Officers","identifier":"9","label":"article","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12983,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:47:53","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:47:53","permalink":{"id":151169,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":14362,"identifier":"9","token":"13.1\/9\/9","url":"\/13.1\/9\/9\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12983,"edition_id":1,"name":"Virginia Stock Corporation Act","identifier":"9","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12744,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:06","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:06","permalink":{"id":150163,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12983,"identifier":"9","token":"13.1\/9","url":"\/13.1\/9\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12744,"edition_id":1,"name":"Corporations","identifier":"13.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","permalink":{"id":147493,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12744,"identifier":"13.1","token":"13.1","url":"\/13.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":79378,"structure_id":14362,"section_number":"13.1-673","catch_line":"Requirement for and duties of board of directors","url":"\/13.1-673\/","token":"13.1\/9\/9\/13.1-673","metadata":false},{"id":72148,"structure_id":14362,"section_number":"13.1-674","catch_line":"Qualifications for directors or for nominees for director","url":"\/13.1-674\/","token":"13.1\/9\/9\/13.1-674","metadata":false},{"id":55684,"structure_id":14362,"section_number":"13.1-675","catch_line":"Number and election of directors","url":"\/13.1-675\/","token":"13.1\/9\/9\/13.1-675","metadata":false},{"id":86056,"structure_id":14362,"section_number":"13.1-676","catch_line":"Election of directors by certain classes or series of shares","url":"\/13.1-676\/","token":"13.1\/9\/9\/13.1-676","metadata":false},{"id":81166,"structure_id":14362,"section_number":"13.1-677","catch_line":"Terms of directors generally","url":"\/13.1-677\/","token":"13.1\/9\/9\/13.1-677","metadata":false},{"id":71464,"structure_id":14362,"section_number":"13.1-678","catch_line":"Staggered terms for directors","url":"\/13.1-678\/","token":"13.1\/9\/9\/13.1-678","metadata":false},{"id":57845,"structure_id":14362,"section_number":"13.1-679","catch_line":"Resignation of directors","url":"\/13.1-679\/","token":"13.1\/9\/9\/13.1-679","metadata":false},{"id":63645,"structure_id":14362,"section_number":"13.1-680","catch_line":"Removal of directors by shareholders","url":"\/13.1-680\/","token":"13.1\/9\/9\/13.1-680","metadata":false},{"id":85998,"structure_id":14362,"section_number":"13.1-681","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/13.1-681\/","token":"13.1\/9\/9\/13.1-681","metadata":false},{"id":69281,"structure_id":14362,"section_number":"13.1-681.1","catch_line":"Removal of directors by judicial proceeding","url":"\/13.1-681.1\/","token":"13.1\/9\/9\/13.1-681.1","metadata":false},{"id":74760,"structure_id":14362,"section_number":"13.1-682","catch_line":"Vacancy on board of directors","url":"\/13.1-682\/","token":"13.1\/9\/9\/13.1-682","metadata":false},{"id":56181,"structure_id":14362,"section_number":"13.1-683","catch_line":"Compensation of directors","url":"\/13.1-683\/","token":"13.1\/9\/9\/13.1-683","metadata":false},{"id":71263,"structure_id":14362,"section_number":"13.1-684","catch_line":"Meetings of the board of directors","url":"\/13.1-684\/","token":"13.1\/9\/9\/13.1-684","metadata":false},{"id":56953,"structure_id":14362,"section_number":"13.1-685","catch_line":"Action without meeting of board of directors","url":"\/13.1-685\/","token":"13.1\/9\/9\/13.1-685","metadata":false},{"id":85755,"structure_id":14362,"section_number":"13.1-686","catch_line":"Notice of board of directors' meetings","url":"\/13.1-686\/","token":"13.1\/9\/9\/13.1-686","metadata":false},{"id":76686,"structure_id":14362,"section_number":"13.1-687","catch_line":"Waiver of notice by director","url":"\/13.1-687\/","token":"13.1\/9\/9\/13.1-687","metadata":false},{"id":57551,"structure_id":14362,"section_number":"13.1-688","catch_line":"Quorum and voting by directors","url":"\/13.1-688\/","token":"13.1\/9\/9\/13.1-688","metadata":false},{"id":80537,"structure_id":14362,"section_number":"13.1-689","catch_line":"Committees","url":"\/13.1-689\/","token":"13.1\/9\/9\/13.1-689","metadata":false},{"id":72306,"structure_id":14362,"section_number":"13.1-690","catch_line":"General standards of conduct for director","url":"\/13.1-690\/","token":"13.1\/9\/9\/13.1-690","metadata":false},{"id":66497,"structure_id":14362,"section_number":"13.1-690.1","catch_line":"Director of open-end management investment company deemed disinterested","url":"\/13.1-690.1\/","token":"13.1\/9\/9\/13.1-690.1","metadata":false},{"id":56699,"structure_id":14362,"section_number":"13.1-691","catch_line":"Director conflict of interests","url":"\/13.1-691\/","token":"13.1\/9\/9\/13.1-691","metadata":false},{"id":72680,"structure_id":14362,"section_number":"13.1-691.1","catch_line":"Business opportunities","url":"\/13.1-691.1\/","token":"13.1\/9\/9\/13.1-691.1","metadata":false},{"id":73395,"structure_id":14362,"section_number":"13.1-692","catch_line":"Liability for unlawful distributions","url":"\/13.1-692\/","token":"13.1\/9\/9\/13.1-692","metadata":false},{"id":72604,"structure_id":14362,"section_number":"13.1-692.1","catch_line":"Limitation on liability of officers and directors; exception","url":"\/13.1-692.1\/","token":"13.1\/9\/9\/13.1-692.1","metadata":false},{"id":75621,"structure_id":14362,"section_number":"13.1-693","catch_line":"Required officers","url":"\/13.1-693\/","token":"13.1\/9\/9\/13.1-693","metadata":false},{"id":85692,"structure_id":14362,"section_number":"13.1-694","catch_line":"Duties of officers","url":"\/13.1-694\/","token":"13.1\/9\/9\/13.1-694","metadata":false},{"id":61022,"structure_id":14362,"section_number":"13.1-695","catch_line":"Resignation and removal of officers","url":"\/13.1-695\/","token":"13.1\/9\/9\/13.1-695","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":72604,"structure_id":14362,"section_number":"13.1-692.1","catch_line":"Limitation on liability of officers and directors; exception","url":"\/13.1-692.1\/","token":"13.1\/9\/9\/13.1-692.1","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":85692,"structure_id":14362,"section_number":"13.1-694","catch_line":"Duties of officers","url":"\/13.1-694\/","token":"13.1\/9\/9\/13.1-694","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/13.1-693\/","history_text":"<p>The record of this law\u2019s original creation isn\u2019t available online. It has been modified 8 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 1956, chapter 428; in 1972, chapter 606; in 1975, chapter 500; in 1982, chapter 372; in 1985, chapter 522; in 1994, chapter <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?941+ful+CHAP0189\">189<\/a>; in 2005, chapter <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?051+ful+CHAP0765\">765<\/a>; in 2019, chapter <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?191+ful+CHAP0734\">734<\/a>.<\/p>","references":[{"id":83518,"section_number":"13.1-603","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/13.1-603\/"},{"id":86810,"section_number":"13.1-671.1","catch_line":"Shareholder agreements","order_by":null,"url":"\/13.1-671.1\/"},{"id":61022,"section_number":"13.1-695","catch_line":"Resignation and removal of officers","order_by":null,"url":"\/13.1-695\/"}],"refers_to":[{"id":86810,"section_number":"13.1-671.1","catch_line":"Shareholder agreements","order_by":null,"url":"\/13.1-671.1\/"}],"permalink":{"id":151267,"object_type":"law","relational_id":75621,"identifier":"13.1-693","token":"13.1\/9\/9\/13.1-693","url":"\/13.1-693\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/13.1-693\/","token":"13.1\/9\/9\/13.1-693","dublin_core":{"Title":"Required officers","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 13.1-693","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"A\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">A.<\/span> Except as provided in an agreement authorized by &#xA7; <a class=\"law\" title=\"Shareholder agreements\" href=\"\/13.1-671.1\/\">13.1-671.1<\/a>, a <span class=\"dictionary\">corporation<\/span> shall have such officers with such titles and duties as shall be described in the bylaws or in a resolution of the board of directors that is in accordance with the bylaws and as may be necessary to enable it to execute <span class=\"dictionary\">documents<\/span> that comply with subsection F of &#xA7; <a class=\"law\" title=\"Filing requirements\" href=\"\/13.1-604\/\">13.1-604<\/a>. <a id=\"paragraph-271616\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/13.1-693\/#A\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"B\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">B.<\/span> Officers shall be elected by the board of directors, except that an officer may appoint one or more officers or assistant officers if authorized by the bylaws or the board of directors. <a id=\"paragraph-271617\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/13.1-693\/#B\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"C\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">C.<\/span> The <span class=\"dictionary\">secretary<\/span> of the <span class=\"dictionary\">corporation<\/span> shall have the responsibility for preparing the minutes of the directors&#8217; and <span class=\"dictionary\">shareholders<\/span>&#8217; meetings and for maintaining and authenticating the records of the <span class=\"dictionary\">corporation<\/span> required to be kept under subsection E of &#xA7; <a class=\"law\" title=\"Corporate records\" href=\"\/13.1-770\/\">13.1-770<\/a>. <a id=\"paragraph-271618\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/13.1-693\/#C\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"D\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">D.<\/span> The same <span class=\"dictionary\">individual<\/span> may simultaneously hold more than one office in a <span class=\"dictionary\">corporation<\/span>. <a id=\"paragraph-271619\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/13.1-693\/#D\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"E\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">E.<\/span> Election or appointment of an officer does not of itself create any <span class=\"dictionary\">contract<\/span> rights in the officer or the <span class=\"dictionary\">corporation<\/span>. <a id=\"paragraph-271620\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/13.1-693\/#E\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":"                                 CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nREQUIRED OFFICERS (\u00a7 13.1-693)\n\nA. Except as provided in an agreement authorized by &#xA7; 13.1-671.1, a\ncorporation shall have such officers with such titles and duties as shall be\ndescribed in the bylaws or in a resolution of the board of directors that is in\naccordance with the bylaws and as may be necessary to enable it to execute\ndocuments that comply with subsection F of &#xA7; 13.1-604.\n\nB. Officers shall be elected by the board of directors, except that an officer\nmay appoint one or more officers or assistant officers if authorized by the\nbylaws or the board of directors.\n\nC. The secretary of the corporation shall have the responsibility for preparing\nthe minutes of the directors&#8217; and shareholders&#8217; meetings and for\nmaintaining and authenticating the records of the corporation required to be\nkept under subsection E of &#xA7; 13.1-770.\n\nD. The same individual may simultaneously hold more than one office in a\ncorporation.\n\nE. Election or appointment of an officer does not of itself create any contract\nrights in the officer or the corporation.\n\nHISTORY: Code 1950, \u00a7 13.1-45; 1956, c. 428; 1972, c. 606; 1975, c. 500; 1982,\nc. 372; 1985, c. 522; 1994, c. 189; 2005, c. 765; 2019, c. 734.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}