{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/13.1-837.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/13.1-837.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/13.1-837.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/13.1-837.html"}],"law_id":83854,"edition_id":1,"section_id":83854,"structure_id":14299,"section_number":"13.1-837","catch_line":"Members","history":"Code 1950, \u00a7 13.1-211; 1956, c. 428; 1958, c. 564; 1982, c. 182; 1985, c. 522; 2007, c. 925.","full_text":"A corporation may have one or more classes of members or may have no members. If the corporation has one or more classes of members, the designation of such class or classes and the qualifications and rights of the members of each class shall be set forth in the articles of incorporation or, if the articles of incorporation so provide, in the bylaws. A corporation may issue certificates evidencing membership interests therein. Membership interests shall not be transferable. Members shall not have voting or other rights except as provided in the articles of incorporation or if the articles of incorporation so provide, in the bylaws. Members of any corporation existing on January 1, 1957, shall continue to have the same voting and other rights as before January 1, 1957, until changed by amendment of the articles of incorporation.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":300545,"text":"A corporation may have one or more classes of members or may have no members. If the corporation has one or more classes of members, the designation of such class or classes and the qualifications and rights of the members of each class shall be set forth in the articles of incorporation or, if the articles of incorporation so provide, in the bylaws. A corporation may issue certificates evidencing membership interests therein. Membership interests shall not be transferable. Members shall not have voting or other rights except as provided in the articles of incorporation or if the articles of incorporation so provide, in the bylaws. Members of any corporation existing on January 1, 1957, shall continue to have the same voting and other rights as before January 1, 1957, until changed by amendment of the articles of incorporation.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1}},"ancestry":[{"id":14299,"edition_id":1,"name":"Members and Meetings","identifier":"7","label":"article","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13004,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:47:39","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:47:39","permalink":{"id":148045,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":14299,"identifier":"7","token":"13.1\/10\/7","url":"\/13.1\/10\/7\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13004,"edition_id":1,"name":"Virginia Nonstock Corporation Act","identifier":"10","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12744,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:07","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:07","permalink":{"id":147501,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13004,"identifier":"10","token":"13.1\/10","url":"\/13.1\/10\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12744,"edition_id":1,"name":"Corporations","identifier":"13.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","permalink":{"id":147493,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12744,"identifier":"13.1","token":"13.1","url":"\/13.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":83854,"structure_id":14299,"section_number":"13.1-837","catch_line":"Members","url":"\/13.1-837\/","token":"13.1\/10\/7\/13.1-837","metadata":false},{"id":76535,"structure_id":14299,"section_number":"13.1-838","catch_line":"Annual meeting","url":"\/13.1-838\/","token":"13.1\/10\/7\/13.1-838","metadata":false},{"id":55572,"structure_id":14299,"section_number":"13.1-839","catch_line":"Special meeting","url":"\/13.1-839\/","token":"13.1\/10\/7\/13.1-839","metadata":false},{"id":66203,"structure_id":14299,"section_number":"13.1-840","catch_line":"Court-ordered meeting","url":"\/13.1-840\/","token":"13.1\/10\/7\/13.1-840","metadata":false},{"id":58327,"structure_id":14299,"section_number":"13.1-841","catch_line":"Corporate action without meeting","url":"\/13.1-841\/","token":"13.1\/10\/7\/13.1-841","metadata":false},{"id":87273,"structure_id":14299,"section_number":"13.1-842","catch_line":"Notice of meeting","url":"\/13.1-842\/","token":"13.1\/10\/7\/13.1-842","metadata":false},{"id":57018,"structure_id":14299,"section_number":"13.1-843","catch_line":"Waiver of notice","url":"\/13.1-843\/","token":"13.1\/10\/7\/13.1-843","metadata":false},{"id":87091,"structure_id":14299,"section_number":"13.1-844","catch_line":"Record date","url":"\/13.1-844\/","token":"13.1\/10\/7\/13.1-844","metadata":false},{"id":78191,"structure_id":14299,"section_number":"13.1-844.1","catch_line":"Conduct of the meeting","url":"\/13.1-844.1\/","token":"13.1\/10\/7\/13.1-844.1","metadata":false},{"id":57794,"structure_id":14299,"section_number":"13.1-844.2","catch_line":"Remote participation in annual and special meetings","url":"\/13.1-844.2\/","token":"13.1\/10\/7\/13.1-844.2","metadata":false},{"id":80170,"structure_id":14299,"section_number":"13.1-845","catch_line":"Members' list for meeting","url":"\/13.1-845\/","token":"13.1\/10\/7\/13.1-845","metadata":false},{"id":83768,"structure_id":14299,"section_number":"13.1-846","catch_line":"Voting entitlement of members","url":"\/13.1-846\/","token":"13.1\/10\/7\/13.1-846","metadata":false},{"id":60150,"structure_id":14299,"section_number":"13.1-847","catch_line":"Proxies","url":"\/13.1-847\/","token":"13.1\/10\/7\/13.1-847","metadata":false},{"id":83148,"structure_id":14299,"section_number":"13.1-847.1","catch_line":"Voting procedures and inspectors of elections","url":"\/13.1-847.1\/","token":"13.1\/10\/7\/13.1-847.1","metadata":false},{"id":84731,"structure_id":14299,"section_number":"13.1-848","catch_line":"Corporation's acceptance of votes","url":"\/13.1-848\/","token":"13.1\/10\/7\/13.1-848","metadata":false},{"id":65933,"structure_id":14299,"section_number":"13.1-849","catch_line":"Quorum and voting requirements for voting groups","url":"\/13.1-849\/","token":"13.1\/10\/7\/13.1-849","metadata":false},{"id":60292,"structure_id":14299,"section_number":"13.1-850","catch_line":"Action by single and multiple voting groups","url":"\/13.1-850\/","token":"13.1\/10\/7\/13.1-850","metadata":false},{"id":59425,"structure_id":14299,"section_number":"13.1-851","catch_line":"Change in quorum or voting requirements","url":"\/13.1-851\/","token":"13.1\/10\/7\/13.1-851","metadata":false},{"id":63089,"structure_id":14299,"section_number":"13.1-852","catch_line":"Voting for directors; cumulative voting","url":"\/13.1-852\/","token":"13.1\/10\/7\/13.1-852","metadata":false}],"next_section":{"id":76535,"structure_id":14299,"section_number":"13.1-838","catch_line":"Annual meeting","url":"\/13.1-838\/","token":"13.1\/10\/7\/13.1-838","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/13.1-837\/","history_text":"

The record of this law\u2019s original creation isn\u2019t available online. It has been modified 5 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 1956, chapter 428; in 1958, chapter 564; in 1982, chapter 182; in 1985, chapter 522; in 2007, chapter 925<\/a>.<\/p>","references":[{"id":65210,"section_number":"13.1-803","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/13.1-803\/"}],"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":148047,"object_type":"law","relational_id":83854,"identifier":"13.1-837","token":"13.1\/10\/7\/13.1-837","url":"\/13.1-837\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/13.1-837\/","token":"13.1\/10\/7\/13.1-837","dublin_core":{"Title":"Members","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 13.1-837","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A corporation<\/span> may have one or more classes of members<\/span> or may have no members<\/span>. If the corporation<\/span> has one or more classes of members<\/span>, the designation of such class or classes and the qualifications and rights of the members<\/span> of each class shall be set forth in the articles of incorporation<\/span> or, if the articles of incorporation<\/span> so provide, in the bylaws. A corporation<\/span> may issue<\/span> certificates evidencing membership interests<\/span> therein. Membership interests<\/span> shall not be transferable. Members<\/span> shall not have voting or other rights except as provided in the articles of incorporation<\/span> or if the articles of incorporation<\/span> so provide, in the bylaws. Members<\/span> of any corporation<\/span> existing on January 1, 1957, shall continue to have the same voting and other rights as before January 1, 1957, until changed by amendment of the articles of incorporation<\/span>.<\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nMEMBERS (\u00a7 13.1-837)\n\nA corporation may have one or more classes of members or may have no members. If\nthe corporation has one or more classes of members, the designation of such\nclass or classes and the qualifications and rights of the members of each class\nshall be set forth in the articles of incorporation or, if the articles of\nincorporation so provide, in the bylaws. A corporation may issue certificates\nevidencing membership interests therein. Membership interests shall not be\ntransferable. Members shall not have voting or other rights except as provided\nin the articles of incorporation or if the articles of incorporation so provide,\nin the bylaws. Members of any corporation existing on January 1, 1957, shall\ncontinue to have the same voting and other rights as before January 1, 1957,\nuntil changed by amendment of the articles of incorporation.\n\nHISTORY: Code 1950, \u00a7 13.1-211; 1956, c. 428; 1958, c. 564; 1982, c. 182; 1985,\nc. 522; 2007, c. 925.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}