{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/13.1-870.2.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/13.1-870.2.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/13.1-870.2.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/13.1-870.2.html"}],"law_id":71515,"edition_id":1,"section_id":71515,"structure_id":13531,"section_number":"13.1-870.2","catch_line":"Limitation on liability of officers and directors; additional exception","history":"1989, c. 422; 2007, c. 925; 2011, cc. 693, 704.","full_text":"A\n\nAs used in this section, “community association” shall mean an unincorporated association or corporation which owns or has under its care, custody or control real estate subject to a recorded declaration of covenants which obligates a person, by virtue of ownership of specific real estate, to be a member of the unincorporated association or corporation.B\n\nIn any proceeding against an officer or director who receives compensation from a community association for his services as such, the damages assessed arising out of a single transaction, occurrence or course of conduct shall not exceed the amount of compensation received by the officer or director from the association during the 12 months immediately preceding the act or omission for which liability was imposed. An officer or director who serves such an association without compensation for his services shall not be liable for damages in any such proceeding.C\n\nThe liability of an officer or director shall not be limited as provided in this section if the officer or director engaged in willful misconduct or a knowing violation of the criminal law.D\n\nThe immunity provided by this section shall survive any termination, cancellation, or other discontinuance of the community association.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":257799,"text":"As used in this section, “community association” shall mean an unincorporated association or corporation which owns or has under its care, custody or control real estate subject to a recorded declaration of covenants which obligates a person, by virtue of ownership of specific real estate, to be a member of the unincorporated association or corporation.","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"B"},"1":{"id":257800,"text":"In any proceeding against an officer or director who receives compensation from a community association for his services as such, the damages assessed arising out of a single transaction, occurrence or course of conduct shall not exceed the amount of compensation received by the officer or director from the association during the 12 months immediately preceding the act or omission for which liability was imposed. An officer or director who serves such an association without compensation for his services shall not be liable for damages in any such proceeding.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"C"},"2":{"id":257801,"text":"The liability of an officer or director shall not be limited as provided in this section if the officer or director engaged in willful misconduct or a knowing violation of the criminal law.","type":"section","prefixes":["C"],"prefix":"C","entire_prefix":"C","prefix_anchor":"C","level":1,"prior_prefix":"B","next_prefix":"D"},"3":{"id":257802,"text":"The immunity provided by this section shall survive any termination, cancellation, or other discontinuance of the community association.","type":"section","prefixes":["D"],"prefix":"D","entire_prefix":"D","prefix_anchor":"D","level":1,"prior_prefix":"C"}},"ancestry":[{"id":13531,"edition_id":1,"name":"Directors and 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This law was first created in 1989. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 422 of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. Unfortunately, the 1989 \u201cActs\u201d aren\u2019t available online. It has been modified 2 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 2007, chapter 925<\/a>; in 2011, chapters 693<\/a> and 704<\/a>.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":148211,"object_type":"law","relational_id":71515,"identifier":"13.1-870.2","token":"13.1\/10\/8\/13.1-870.2","url":"\/13.1-870.2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/13.1-870.2\/","token":"13.1\/10\/8\/13.1-870.2","dublin_core":{"Title":"Limitation on liability of officers and directors; additional exception","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 13.1-870.2","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A.<\/span> As used in this section, “community association<\/span>” shall mean an unincorporated association or corporation<\/span> which owns or has under its care, custody<\/span> or control real estate subject to a recorded declaration of covenants which obligates a person<\/span>, by virtue of ownership of specific real estate, to be a member<\/span> of the unincorporated association or corporation<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> In any proceeding<\/span> against an officer or director<\/span> who receives compensation from a community association<\/span> for his services as such, the damages<\/span> assessed arising out of a single transaction, occurrence or course of conduct shall not exceed the amount of compensation received by the officer or director<\/span> from the association during the 12 months immediately preceding the act or omission for which liability was imposed. An officer or director<\/span> who serves such an association without compensation for his services shall not be liable for damages<\/span> in any such proceeding<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

C.<\/span> The liability of an officer or director<\/span> shall not be limited as provided in this section if the officer or director<\/span> engaged in willful misconduct or a knowing violation of the criminal law<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

D.<\/span> The immunity provided by this section shall survive any termination, cancellation, or other discontinuance of the community association<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nLIMITATION ON LIABILITY OF OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS; ADDITIONAL EXCEPTION (\u00a7\n13.1-870.2)\n\nA. As used in this section, “community association” shall mean an\nunincorporated association or corporation which owns or has under its care,\ncustody or control real estate subject to a recorded declaration of covenants\nwhich obligates a person, by virtue of ownership of specific real estate, to be\na member of the unincorporated association or corporation.\n\nB. In any proceeding against an officer or director who receives compensation\nfrom a community association for his services as such, the damages assessed\narising out of a single transaction, occurrence or course of conduct shall not\nexceed the amount of compensation received by the officer or director from the\nassociation during the 12 months immediately preceding the act or omission for\nwhich liability was imposed. An officer or director who serves such an\nassociation without compensation for his services shall not be liable for\ndamages in any such proceeding.\n\nC. The liability of an officer or director shall not be limited as provided in\nthis section if the officer or director engaged in willful misconduct or a\nknowing violation of the criminal law.\n\nD. The immunity provided by this section shall survive any termination,\ncancellation, or other discontinuance of the community association.\n\nHISTORY: 1989, c. 422; 2007, c. 925; 2011, cc. 693, 704.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}