{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/15.2-1507.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/15.2-1507.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/15.2-1507.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/15.2-1507.html"}],"law_id":77432,"edition_id":1,"section_id":77432,"structure_id":13737,"section_number":"15.2-1507","catch_line":"Provision of grievance procedure; training programs","history":"1978, c. 845, \u00a7 15.1-7.2; 1985, c. 515; 1988, c. 290; 1989, c. 254; 1991, c. 661; 1995, cc. 770, 818; 1996, cc. 164, 440, 579, 869; 1997, c. 587; 2000, cc. 947, 1006; 2001, c. 589; 2005, c. 714; 2009, c. 736; 2012, cc. 803, 835; 2020, cc. 1137, 1140; 2020, Sp. Sess. I, cc. 29, 30; 2021, Sp. Sess. I, cc. 477, 478.","full_text":"A\n\nIf a local governing body fails to adopt a grievance procedure required by \u00a7 15.2-1506 or fails to certify it as provided in this section, the local governing body shall be deemed to have adopted a grievance procedure that is consistent with the provisions of Chapter 30 (\u00a7 2.2-3000 et seq.) of Title 2.2 and any regulations adopted pursuant thereto for so long as the locality remains in noncompliance. The locality shall provide its employees with copies of the applicable grievance procedure upon request. The term “grievance” as used herein shall not be interpreted to mean negotiations of wages, salaries, or fringe benefits.\n\t\t\tEach grievance procedure, and each amendment thereto, in order to comply with this section, shall be certified in writing to be in compliance by the city, town, or county attorney, and the chief administrative officer of the locality, and such certification filed with the clerk of the circuit court having jurisdiction in the locality in which the procedure is to apply. Local government grievance procedures in effect as of July 1, 1991, shall remain in full force and effect for 90 days thereafter, unless certified and filed as provided above within a shorter time period.\n\t\t\tEach grievance procedure shall include the following components and features:1\n\nDefinition of grievance. A grievance shall be a complaint or dispute by an employee relating to his employment, including (i) disciplinary actions, including dismissals, disciplinary demotions, and suspensions, provided that dismissals shall be grievable whenever resulting from formal discipline or unsatisfactory job performance; (ii) the application of personnel policies, procedures, rules, and regulations, including the application of policies involving matters referred to in clause (iii) of subdivision 2; (iii) discrimination on the basis of race, color, creed, religion, political affiliation, age, disability, national origin, sex, marital status, pregnancy, childbirth or related medical conditions, sexual orientation, gender identity, or military status; and (iv) acts of retaliation as the result of the use of or participation in the grievance procedure or because the employee has complied with any law of the United States or of the Commonwealth, has reported any violation of such law to a governmental authority, has sought any change in law before the Congress of the United States or the General Assembly, or has reported an incidence of fraud, abuse, or gross mismanagement. For the purposes of clause (iv), there shall be a rebuttable presumption that increasing the penalty that is the subject of the grievance at any level of the grievance shall be an act of retaliation.2\n\nLocal government responsibilities. Local governments shall retain the exclusive right to manage the affairs and operations of government. Accordingly, the following complaints are nongrievable: (i) establishment and revision of wages or salaries, position classification, or general benefits; (ii) work activity accepted by the employee as a condition of employment or work activity that may reasonably be expected to be a part of the job content; (iii) the contents of ordinances, statutes, or established personnel policies, procedures, rules, and regulations; (iv) failure to promote except where the employee can show that established promotional policies or procedures were not followed or applied fairly; (v) the methods, means, and personnel by which work activities are to be carried on; (vi) except where such action affects an employee who has been reinstated within the previous six months as the result of the final determination of a grievance, termination, layoff, demotion, or suspension from duties because of lack of work, reduction in work force, or job abolition; (vii) the hiring, promotion, transfer, assignment, and retention of employees within the local government; and (viii) the relief of employees from duties of the local government in emergencies. In any grievance brought under the exception to clause (vi), the action shall be upheld upon a showing by the local government that (a) there was a valid business reason for the action and (b) the employee was notified of the reason in writing prior to the effective date of the action.3\n\nCoverage of personnel.\n\t\t\t\ta. Unless otherwise provided by law, all nonprobationary local government permanent full-time and part-time employees are eligible to file grievances with the following exceptions:1\n\nAppointees of elected groups or individuals;2\n\nOfficials and employees who by charter or other law serve at the will or pleasure of an appointing authority;3\n\nDeputies and executive assistants to the chief administrative officer of a locality;4\n\nAgency heads or chief executive officers of government operations;5\n\nEmployees whose terms of employment are limited by law;6\n\nTemporary, limited term, and seasonal employees;7\n\nLaw-enforcement officers as defined in Chapter 5 (§ 9.1-500 et seq.) of Title 9.1 whose grievance is subject to the provisions of Chapter 5 (§ 9.1-500 et seq.) of Title 9.1 and who have elected to proceed pursuant to those provisions in the resolution of their grievance, or any other employee electing to proceed pursuant to any other existing procedure in the resolution of his grievance; and8\n\nLaw-enforcement officers as defined in § 9.1-601 whose grievance is subject to the provisions of § 9.1-601 and relates to a binding disciplinary determination made by a law-enforcement civilian oversight body, except as permitted by subsection F of § 9.1-601.\n\t\t\t\t\tb. Notwithstanding the exceptions set forth in subdivision a, local governments, at their sole discretion, may voluntarily include employees in any of the excepted categories within the coverage of their grievance procedures.\n\t\t\t\t\tc. The chief administrative officer of each local government, or his designee, shall determine the officers and employees excluded from the grievance procedure, and shall be responsible for maintaining an up-to-date list of the affected positions.4\n\nGrievance procedure availability and coverage for employees of community services boards, redevelopment and housing authorities, and regional housing authorities. Employees of community services boards, redevelopment and housing authorities created pursuant to § 36-4, and regional housing authorities created pursuant to § 36-40 shall be included in (i) a local governing body’s grievance procedure or personnel system, if agreed to by the department, board, or authority and the locality or (ii) a grievance procedure established and administered by the department, board, or authority that is consistent with the provisions of Chapter 30 (§ 2.2-3000 et seq.) of Title 2.2 and any regulations promulgated pursuant thereto. If a department, board, or authority fails to establish a grievance procedure pursuant to clause (i) or (ii), it shall be deemed to have adopted a grievance procedure that is consistent with the provisions of Chapter 30 (§ 2.2-3000 et seq.) of Title 2.2 and any regulations adopted pursuant thereto for so long as it remains in noncompliance.5\n\nGeneral requirements for procedures.\n\t\t\t\ta. Each grievance procedure shall include not more than four steps for airing complaints at successively higher levels of local government management, and a final step providing for a panel hearing or a hearing before an administrative hearing officer upon the agreement of both parties.\n\t\t\t\tb. Grievance procedures shall prescribe reasonable and specific time limitations for the grievant to submit an initial complaint and to appeal each decision through the steps of the grievance procedure.\n\t\t\t\tc. Nothing contained in this section shall prohibit a local government from granting its employees rights greater than those contained herein, provided that such grant does not exceed or violate the general law or public policy of the Commonwealth.6\n\nTime periods.\n\t\t\t\ta. It is intended that speedy attention to employee grievances be promoted, consistent with the ability of the parties to prepare for a fair consideration of the issues of concern.\n\t\t\t\tb. The time for submitting an initial complaint shall not be less than 20 calendar days after the event giving rise to the grievance, but local governments may, at their option, allow a longer time period.\n\t\t\t\tc. Limits for steps after initial presentation of grievance shall be the same or greater for the grievant than the time that is allowed for local government response in each comparable situation.\n\t\t\t\td. Time frames may be extended by mutual agreement of the local government and the grievant.7\n\nCompliance.\n\t\t\t\ta. After the initial filing of a written grievance, failure of either party to comply with all substantial procedural requirements of the grievance procedure, including the panel or administrative hearing, without just cause shall result in a decision in favor of the other party on any grievable issue, provided the party not in compliance fails to correct the noncompliance within five workdays of receipt of written notification by the other party of the compliance violation. Such written notification by the grievant shall be made to the chief administrative officer, or his designee.\n\t\t\t\tb. The chief administrative officer, or his designee, at his option, may require a clear written explanation of the basis for just cause extensions or exceptions. The chief administrative officer, or his designee, shall determine compliance issues. Compliance determinations made by the chief administrative officer shall be subject to judicial review by filing petition with the circuit court within 30 days of the compliance determination.8\n\nManagement steps.\n\t\t\t\ta. The first step shall provide for an informal, initial processing of employee complaints by the immediate supervisor through a nonwritten, discussion format.\n\t\t\t\tb. Management steps shall provide for a review with higher levels of local government authority following the employee’s reduction to writing of the grievance and the relief requested on forms supplied by the local government. Personal face-to-face meetings are required at all of these steps.\n\t\t\t\tc. With the exception of the final management step, the only persons who may normally be present in the management step meetings are the grievant, the appropriate local government official at the level at which the grievance is being heard, and appropriate witnesses for each side. Witnesses shall be present only while actually providing testimony. At the final management step, the grievant, at his option, may have present a representative of his choice. If the grievant is represented by legal counsel, local government likewise has the option of being represented by counsel.9\n\nQualification for panel or administrative hearing.\n\t\t\t\ta. Decisions regarding grievability and access to the procedure shall be made by the chief administrative officer of the local government, or his designee, at any time prior to the panel hearing, at the request of the local government or grievant, within 10 calendar days of the request. No city, town, or county attorney, or attorney for the Commonwealth, shall be authorized to decide the question of grievability. A copy of the ruling shall be sent to the grievant. Decisions of the chief administrative officer of the local government, or his designee, may be appealed to the circuit court having jurisdiction in the locality in which the grievant is employed for a hearing on the issue of whether the grievance qualifies for a panel hearing. Proceedings for review of the decision of the chief administrative officer or his designee shall be instituted by the grievant by filing a notice of appeal with the chief administrative officer within 10 calendar days from the date of receipt of the decision and giving a copy thereof to all other parties. Within 10 calendar days thereafter, the chief administrative officer or his designee shall transmit to the clerk of the court to which the appeal is taken: a copy of the decision of the chief administrative officer, a copy of the notice of appeal, and the exhibits. A list of the evidence furnished to the court shall also be furnished to the grievant. The failure of the chief administrative officer or his designee to transmit the record shall not prejudice the rights of the grievant. The court, on motion of the grievant, may issue a writ of certiorari requiring the chief administrative officer to transmit the record on or before a certain date.\n\t\t\t\tb. Within 30 days of receipt of such records by the clerk, the court, sitting without a jury, shall hear the appeal on the record transmitted by the chief administrative officer or his designee and such additional evidence as may be necessary to resolve any controversy as to the correctness of the record. The court, in its discretion, may receive such other evidence as the ends of justice require. The court may affirm the decision of the chief administrative officer or his designee, or may reverse or modify the decision. The decision of the court shall be rendered no later than the fifteenth day from the date of the conclusion of the hearing. The decision of the court is final and is not appealable.10\n\nFinal hearings.\n\t\t\t\ta. Qualifying grievances shall advance to either a panel hearing or a hearing before an administrative hearing officer, as set forth in the locality’s grievance procedure, as described below:1\n\nIf the grievance procedure adopted by the local governing body provides that the final step shall be an impartial panel hearing, the panel may, with the exception of those local governments covered by subdivision a (2), consist of one member appointed by the grievant, one member appointed by the agency head and a third member selected by the first two. In the event that agreement cannot be reached as to the final panel member, the chief judge of the circuit court of the jurisdiction wherein the dispute arose shall select the third panel member. The panel shall not be composed of any persons having direct involvement with the grievance being heard by the panel, or with the complaint or dispute giving rise to the grievance. Managers who are in a direct line of supervision of a grievant, persons residing in the same household as the grievant and the following relatives of a participant in the grievance process or a participant’s spouse are prohibited from serving as panel members: spouse, parent, child, descendants of a child, sibling, niece, nephew and first cousin. No attorney having direct involvement with the subject matter of the grievance, nor a partner, associate, employee or co-employee of the attorney shall serve as a panel member.2\n\nIf the grievance procedure adopted by the local governing body provides for the final step to be an impartial panel hearing, local governments may retain the panel composition method previously approved by the Department of Human Resource Management and in effect as of the enactment of this statute. Modifications to the panel composition method shall be permitted with regard to the size of the panel and the terms of office for panel members, so long as the basic integrity and independence of panels are maintained. As used in this section, the term “panel” shall include all bodies designated and authorized to make final and binding decisions.3\n\nWhen a local government elects to use an administrative hearing officer rather than a three-person panel for the final step in the grievance procedure, the administrative hearing officer shall be appointed by the Executive Secretary of the Supreme Court of Virginia. The appointment shall be made from the list of administrative hearing officers maintained by the Executive Secretary pursuant to § 2.2-4024 and shall be made from the appropriate geographical region on a rotating basis. In the alternative, the local government may request the appointment of an administrative hearing officer from the Department of Human Resource Management. If a local government elects to use an administrative hearing officer, it shall bear the expense of such officer’s services.4\n\nWhen the local government uses a panel in the final step of the procedure, there shall be a chairperson of the panel and, when panels are composed of three persons (one each selected by the respective parties and the third from an impartial source), the third member shall be the chairperson.5\n\nBoth the grievant and the respondent may call upon appropriate witnesses and be represented by legal counsel or other representatives at the hearing. Such representatives may examine, cross-examine, question and present evidence on behalf of the grievant or respondent before the panel or hearing officer without being in violation of the provisions of § 54.1-3904.6\n\nThe decision of the panel or hearing officer shall be final and binding and shall be consistent with provisions of law and written policy.7\n\nThe question of whether the relief granted by a panel or hearing officer is consistent with written policy shall be determined by the chief administrative officer of the local government, or his designee, unless such person has a direct personal involvement with the event or events giving rise to the grievance, in which case the decision shall be made by the attorney for the Commonwealth of the jurisdiction in which the grievance is pending.\n\t\t\t\t\tb. Rules for panel and administrative hearings.\n\t\t\t\t\tUnless otherwise provided by law, local governments shall adopt rules for the conduct of panel or administrative hearings as a part of their grievance procedures, or shall adopt separate rules for such hearings. Rules that are promulgated shall include the following provisions:1\n\nThat neither the panels nor the hearing officer have authority to formulate policies or procedures or to alter existing policies or procedures;2\n\nThat panels and the hearing officer have the discretion to determine the propriety of attendance at the hearing of persons not having a direct interest in the hearing, and, at the request of either party, the hearing shall be private;3\n\nThat the local government provide the panel or hearing officer with copies of the grievance record prior to the hearing, and provide the grievant with a list of the documents furnished to the panel or hearing officer, and the grievant and his attorney, at least 10 days prior to the scheduled hearing, shall be allowed access to and copies of all relevant files intended to be used in the grievance proceeding;4\n\nThat panels and hearing officers have the authority to determine the admissibility of evidence without regard to the burden of proof, or the order of presentation of evidence, so long as a full and equal opportunity is afforded to all parties for the presentation of their evidence;5\n\nThat all evidence be presented in the presence of the panel or hearing officer and the parties, except by mutual consent of the parties;6\n\nThat documents, exhibits and lists of witnesses be exchanged between the parties or hearing officer in advance of the hearing;7\n\nThat the majority decision of the panel or the decision of the hearing officer, acting within the scope of its or his authority, be final, subject to existing policies, procedures and law;8\n\nThat the panel or hearing officer’s decision be provided within a specified time to all parties; and9\n\nSuch other provisions as may facilitate fair and expeditious hearings, with the understanding that the hearings are not intended to be conducted like proceedings in courts, and that rules of evidence do not necessarily apply.11\n\nImplementation of final hearing decisions.\n\t\t\t\tEither party may petition the circuit court having jurisdiction in the locality in which the grievant is employed for an order requiring implementation of the hearing decision.B\n\nNotwithstanding the contrary provisions of this section, a final hearing decision rendered under the provisions of this section that would result in the reinstatement of any employee of a sheriff’s office who has been terminated for cause may be reviewed by the circuit court for the locality upon the petition of the locality. The review of the circuit court shall be limited to the question of whether the decision of the panel or hearing officer was consistent with provisions of law and written policy.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":277734,"text":"If a local governing body fails to adopt a grievance procedure required by \u00a7 15.2-1506 or fails to certify it as provided in this section, the local governing body shall be deemed to have adopted a grievance procedure that is consistent with the provisions of Chapter 30 (\u00a7 2.2-3000 et seq.) of Title 2.2 and any regulations adopted pursuant thereto for so long as the locality remains in noncompliance. The locality shall provide its employees with copies of the applicable grievance procedure upon request. The term “grievance” as used herein shall not be interpreted to mean negotiations of wages, salaries, or fringe benefits.\n\t\t\tEach grievance procedure, and each amendment thereto, in order to comply with this section, shall be certified in writing to be in compliance by the city, town, or county attorney, and the chief administrative officer of the locality, and such certification filed with the clerk of the circuit court having jurisdiction in the locality in which the procedure is to apply. Local government grievance procedures in effect as of July 1, 1991, shall remain in full force and effect for 90 days thereafter, unless certified and filed as provided above within a shorter time period.\n\t\t\tEach grievance procedure shall include the following components and features:","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"A1"},"1":{"id":277735,"text":"Definition of grievance. A grievance shall be a complaint or dispute by an employee relating to his employment, including (i) disciplinary actions, including dismissals, disciplinary demotions, and suspensions, provided that dismissals shall be grievable whenever resulting from formal discipline or unsatisfactory job performance; (ii) the application of personnel policies, procedures, rules, and regulations, including the application of policies involving matters referred to in clause (iii) of subdivision 2; (iii) discrimination on the basis of race, color, creed, religion, political affiliation, age, disability, national origin, sex, marital status, pregnancy, childbirth or related medical conditions, sexual orientation, gender identity, or military status; and (iv) acts of retaliation as the result of the use of or participation in the grievance procedure or because the employee has complied with any law of the United States or of the Commonwealth, has reported any violation of such law to a governmental authority, has sought any change in law before the Congress of the United States or the General Assembly, or has reported an incidence of fraud, abuse, or gross mismanagement. For the purposes of clause (iv), there shall be a rebuttable presumption that increasing the penalty that is the subject of the grievance at any level of the grievance shall be an act of retaliation.","type":"section","prefixes":["A","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"A1","prefix_anchor":"A1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"A2"},"2":{"id":277736,"text":"Local government responsibilities. Local governments shall retain the exclusive right to manage the affairs and operations of government. Accordingly, the following complaints are nongrievable: (i) establishment and revision of wages or salaries, position classification, or general benefits; (ii) work activity accepted by the employee as a condition of employment or work activity that may reasonably be expected to be a part of the job content; (iii) the contents of ordinances, statutes, or established personnel policies, procedures, rules, and regulations; (iv) failure to promote except where the employee can show that established promotional policies or procedures were not followed or applied fairly; (v) the methods, means, and personnel by which work activities are to be carried on; (vi) except where such action affects an employee who has been reinstated within the previous six months as the result of the final determination of a grievance, termination, layoff, demotion, or suspension from duties because of lack of work, reduction in work force, or job abolition; (vii) the hiring, promotion, transfer, assignment, and retention of employees within the local government; and (viii) the relief of employees from duties of the local government in emergencies. In any grievance brought under the exception to clause (vi), the action shall be upheld upon a showing by the local government that (a) there was a valid business reason for the action and (b) the employee was notified of the reason in writing prior to the effective date of the action.","type":"section","prefixes":["A","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"A2","prefix_anchor":"A2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A1","next_prefix":"A3"},"3":{"id":277737,"text":"Coverage of personnel.\n\t\t\t\ta. Unless otherwise provided by law, all nonprobationary local government permanent full-time and part-time employees are eligible to file grievances with the following exceptions:","type":"section","prefixes":["A","3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"A3","prefix_anchor":"A3","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A2","next_prefix":"A31"},"4":{"id":277738,"text":"Appointees of elected groups or individuals;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","3","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"A31","prefix_anchor":"A31","level":3,"prior_prefix":"A3","next_prefix":"A32"},"5":{"id":277739,"text":"Officials and employees who by charter or other law serve at the will or pleasure of an appointing authority;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","3","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"A32","prefix_anchor":"A32","level":3,"prior_prefix":"A31","next_prefix":"A33"},"6":{"id":277740,"text":"Deputies and executive assistants to the chief administrative officer of a locality;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","3","3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"A33","prefix_anchor":"A33","level":3,"prior_prefix":"A32","next_prefix":"A34"},"7":{"id":277741,"text":"Agency heads or chief executive officers of government operations;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","3","4"],"prefix":"4","entire_prefix":"A34","prefix_anchor":"A34","level":3,"prior_prefix":"A33","next_prefix":"A35"},"8":{"id":277742,"text":"Employees whose terms of employment are limited by law;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","3","5"],"prefix":"5","entire_prefix":"A35","prefix_anchor":"A35","level":3,"prior_prefix":"A34","next_prefix":"A36"},"9":{"id":277743,"text":"Temporary, limited term, and seasonal employees;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","3","6"],"prefix":"6","entire_prefix":"A36","prefix_anchor":"A36","level":3,"prior_prefix":"A35","next_prefix":"A37"},"10":{"id":277744,"text":"Law-enforcement officers as defined in Chapter 5 (§ 9.1-500 et seq.) of Title 9.1 whose grievance is subject to the provisions of Chapter 5 (§ 9.1-500 et seq.) of Title 9.1 and who have elected to proceed pursuant to those provisions in the resolution of their grievance, or any other employee electing to proceed pursuant to any other existing procedure in the resolution of his grievance; and","type":"section","prefixes":["A","3","7"],"prefix":"7","entire_prefix":"A37","prefix_anchor":"A37","level":3,"prior_prefix":"A36","next_prefix":"A38"},"11":{"id":277745,"text":"Law-enforcement officers as defined in § 9.1-601 whose grievance is subject to the provisions of § 9.1-601 and relates to a binding disciplinary determination made by a law-enforcement civilian oversight body, except as permitted by subsection F of § 9.1-601.\n\t\t\t\t\tb. Notwithstanding the exceptions set forth in subdivision a, local governments, at their sole discretion, may voluntarily include employees in any of the excepted categories within the coverage of their grievance procedures.\n\t\t\t\t\tc. The chief administrative officer of each local government, or his designee, shall determine the officers and employees excluded from the grievance procedure, and shall be responsible for maintaining an up-to-date list of the affected positions.","type":"section","prefixes":["A","3","8"],"prefix":"8","entire_prefix":"A38","prefix_anchor":"A38","level":3,"prior_prefix":"A37","next_prefix":"A4"},"12":{"id":277746,"text":"Grievance procedure availability and coverage for employees of community services boards, redevelopment and housing authorities, and regional housing authorities. Employees of community services boards, redevelopment and housing authorities created pursuant to § 36-4, and regional housing authorities created pursuant to § 36-40 shall be included in (i) a local governing body’s grievance procedure or personnel system, if agreed to by the department, board, or authority and the locality or (ii) a grievance procedure established and administered by the department, board, or authority that is consistent with the provisions of Chapter 30 (§ 2.2-3000 et seq.) of Title 2.2 and any regulations promulgated pursuant thereto. If a department, board, or authority fails to establish a grievance procedure pursuant to clause (i) or (ii), it shall be deemed to have adopted a grievance procedure that is consistent with the provisions of Chapter 30 (§ 2.2-3000 et seq.) of Title 2.2 and any regulations adopted pursuant thereto for so long as it remains in noncompliance.","type":"section","prefixes":["A","4"],"prefix":"4","entire_prefix":"A4","prefix_anchor":"A4","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A38","next_prefix":"A5"},"13":{"id":277747,"text":"General requirements for procedures.\n\t\t\t\ta. Each grievance procedure shall include not more than four steps for airing complaints at successively higher levels of local government management, and a final step providing for a panel hearing or a hearing before an administrative hearing officer upon the agreement of both parties.\n\t\t\t\tb. Grievance procedures shall prescribe reasonable and specific time limitations for the grievant to submit an initial complaint and to appeal each decision through the steps of the grievance procedure.\n\t\t\t\tc. Nothing contained in this section shall prohibit a local government from granting its employees rights greater than those contained herein, provided that such grant does not exceed or violate the general law or public policy of the Commonwealth.","type":"section","prefixes":["A","5"],"prefix":"5","entire_prefix":"A5","prefix_anchor":"A5","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A4","next_prefix":"A6"},"14":{"id":277748,"text":"Time periods.\n\t\t\t\ta. It is intended that speedy attention to employee grievances be promoted, consistent with the ability of the parties to prepare for a fair consideration of the issues of concern.\n\t\t\t\tb. The time for submitting an initial complaint shall not be less than 20 calendar days after the event giving rise to the grievance, but local governments may, at their option, allow a longer time period.\n\t\t\t\tc. Limits for steps after initial presentation of grievance shall be the same or greater for the grievant than the time that is allowed for local government response in each comparable situation.\n\t\t\t\td. Time frames may be extended by mutual agreement of the local government and the grievant.","type":"section","prefixes":["A","6"],"prefix":"6","entire_prefix":"A6","prefix_anchor":"A6","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A5","next_prefix":"A7"},"15":{"id":277749,"text":"Compliance.\n\t\t\t\ta. After the initial filing of a written grievance, failure of either party to comply with all substantial procedural requirements of the grievance procedure, including the panel or administrative hearing, without just cause shall result in a decision in favor of the other party on any grievable issue, provided the party not in compliance fails to correct the noncompliance within five workdays of receipt of written notification by the other party of the compliance violation. Such written notification by the grievant shall be made to the chief administrative officer, or his designee.\n\t\t\t\tb. The chief administrative officer, or his designee, at his option, may require a clear written explanation of the basis for just cause extensions or exceptions. The chief administrative officer, or his designee, shall determine compliance issues. Compliance determinations made by the chief administrative officer shall be subject to judicial review by filing petition with the circuit court within 30 days of the compliance determination.","type":"section","prefixes":["A","7"],"prefix":"7","entire_prefix":"A7","prefix_anchor":"A7","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A6","next_prefix":"A8"},"16":{"id":277750,"text":"Management steps.\n\t\t\t\ta. The first step shall provide for an informal, initial processing of employee complaints by the immediate supervisor through a nonwritten, discussion format.\n\t\t\t\tb. Management steps shall provide for a review with higher levels of local government authority following the employee’s reduction to writing of the grievance and the relief requested on forms supplied by the local government. Personal face-to-face meetings are required at all of these steps.\n\t\t\t\tc. With the exception of the final management step, the only persons who may normally be present in the management step meetings are the grievant, the appropriate local government official at the level at which the grievance is being heard, and appropriate witnesses for each side. Witnesses shall be present only while actually providing testimony. At the final management step, the grievant, at his option, may have present a representative of his choice. If the grievant is represented by legal counsel, local government likewise has the option of being represented by counsel.","type":"section","prefixes":["A","8"],"prefix":"8","entire_prefix":"A8","prefix_anchor":"A8","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A7","next_prefix":"A9"},"17":{"id":277751,"text":"Qualification for panel or administrative hearing.\n\t\t\t\ta. Decisions regarding grievability and access to the procedure shall be made by the chief administrative officer of the local government, or his designee, at any time prior to the panel hearing, at the request of the local government or grievant, within 10 calendar days of the request. No city, town, or county attorney, or attorney for the Commonwealth, shall be authorized to decide the question of grievability. A copy of the ruling shall be sent to the grievant. Decisions of the chief administrative officer of the local government, or his designee, may be appealed to the circuit court having jurisdiction in the locality in which the grievant is employed for a hearing on the issue of whether the grievance qualifies for a panel hearing. Proceedings for review of the decision of the chief administrative officer or his designee shall be instituted by the grievant by filing a notice of appeal with the chief administrative officer within 10 calendar days from the date of receipt of the decision and giving a copy thereof to all other parties. Within 10 calendar days thereafter, the chief administrative officer or his designee shall transmit to the clerk of the court to which the appeal is taken: a copy of the decision of the chief administrative officer, a copy of the notice of appeal, and the exhibits. A list of the evidence furnished to the court shall also be furnished to the grievant. The failure of the chief administrative officer or his designee to transmit the record shall not prejudice the rights of the grievant. The court, on motion of the grievant, may issue a writ of certiorari requiring the chief administrative officer to transmit the record on or before a certain date.\n\t\t\t\tb. Within 30 days of receipt of such records by the clerk, the court, sitting without a jury, shall hear the appeal on the record transmitted by the chief administrative officer or his designee and such additional evidence as may be necessary to resolve any controversy as to the correctness of the record. The court, in its discretion, may receive such other evidence as the ends of justice require. The court may affirm the decision of the chief administrative officer or his designee, or may reverse or modify the decision. The decision of the court shall be rendered no later than the fifteenth day from the date of the conclusion of the hearing. The decision of the court is final and is not appealable.","type":"section","prefixes":["A","9"],"prefix":"9","entire_prefix":"A9","prefix_anchor":"A9","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A8","next_prefix":"A10"},"18":{"id":277752,"text":"Final hearings.\n\t\t\t\ta. Qualifying grievances shall advance to either a panel hearing or a hearing before an administrative hearing officer, as set forth in the locality’s grievance procedure, as described below:","type":"section","prefixes":["A","10"],"prefix":"10","entire_prefix":"A10","prefix_anchor":"A10","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A9","next_prefix":"A101"},"19":{"id":277753,"text":"If the grievance procedure adopted by the local governing body provides that the final step shall be an impartial panel hearing, the panel may, with the exception of those local governments covered by subdivision a (2), consist of one member appointed by the grievant, one member appointed by the agency head and a third member selected by the first two. In the event that agreement cannot be reached as to the final panel member, the chief judge of the circuit court of the jurisdiction wherein the dispute arose shall select the third panel member. The panel shall not be composed of any persons having direct involvement with the grievance being heard by the panel, or with the complaint or dispute giving rise to the grievance. Managers who are in a direct line of supervision of a grievant, persons residing in the same household as the grievant and the following relatives of a participant in the grievance process or a participant’s spouse are prohibited from serving as panel members: spouse, parent, child, descendants of a child, sibling, niece, nephew and first cousin. No attorney having direct involvement with the subject matter of the grievance, nor a partner, associate, employee or co-employee of the attorney shall serve as a panel member.","type":"section","prefixes":["A","10","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"A101","prefix_anchor":"A101","level":3,"prior_prefix":"A10","next_prefix":"A102"},"20":{"id":277754,"text":"If the grievance procedure adopted by the local governing body provides for the final step to be an impartial panel hearing, local governments may retain the panel composition method previously approved by the Department of Human Resource Management and in effect as of the enactment of this statute. Modifications to the panel composition method shall be permitted with regard to the size of the panel and the terms of office for panel members, so long as the basic integrity and independence of panels are maintained. As used in this section, the term “panel” shall include all bodies designated and authorized to make final and binding decisions.","type":"section","prefixes":["A","10","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"A102","prefix_anchor":"A102","level":3,"prior_prefix":"A101","next_prefix":"A103"},"21":{"id":277755,"text":"When a local government elects to use an administrative hearing officer rather than a three-person panel for the final step in the grievance procedure, the administrative hearing officer shall be appointed by the Executive Secretary of the Supreme Court of Virginia. The appointment shall be made from the list of administrative hearing officers maintained by the Executive Secretary pursuant to § 2.2-4024 and shall be made from the appropriate geographical region on a rotating basis. In the alternative, the local government may request the appointment of an administrative hearing officer from the Department of Human Resource Management. If a local government elects to use an administrative hearing officer, it shall bear the expense of such officer’s services.","type":"section","prefixes":["A","10","3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"A103","prefix_anchor":"A103","level":3,"prior_prefix":"A102","next_prefix":"A104"},"22":{"id":277756,"text":"When the local government uses a panel in the final step of the procedure, there shall be a chairperson of the panel and, when panels are composed of three persons (one each selected by the respective parties and the third from an impartial source), the third member shall be the chairperson.","type":"section","prefixes":["A","10","4"],"prefix":"4","entire_prefix":"A104","prefix_anchor":"A104","level":3,"prior_prefix":"A103","next_prefix":"A105"},"23":{"id":277757,"text":"Both the grievant and the respondent may call upon appropriate witnesses and be represented by legal counsel or other representatives at the hearing. Such representatives may examine, cross-examine, question and present evidence on behalf of the grievant or respondent before the panel or hearing officer without being in violation of the provisions of § 54.1-3904.","type":"section","prefixes":["A","10","5"],"prefix":"5","entire_prefix":"A105","prefix_anchor":"A105","level":3,"prior_prefix":"A104","next_prefix":"A106"},"24":{"id":277758,"text":"The decision of the panel or hearing officer shall be final and binding and shall be consistent with provisions of law and written policy.","type":"section","prefixes":["A","10","6"],"prefix":"6","entire_prefix":"A106","prefix_anchor":"A106","level":3,"prior_prefix":"A105","next_prefix":"A107"},"25":{"id":277759,"text":"The question of whether the relief granted by a panel or hearing officer is consistent with written policy shall be determined by the chief administrative officer of the local government, or his designee, unless such person has a direct personal involvement with the event or events giving rise to the grievance, in which case the decision shall be made by the attorney for the Commonwealth of the jurisdiction in which the grievance is pending.\n\t\t\t\t\tb. Rules for panel and administrative hearings.\n\t\t\t\t\tUnless otherwise provided by law, local governments shall adopt rules for the conduct of panel or administrative hearings as a part of their grievance procedures, or shall adopt separate rules for such hearings. Rules that are promulgated shall include the following provisions:","type":"section","prefixes":["A","10","7"],"prefix":"7","entire_prefix":"A107","prefix_anchor":"A107","level":3,"prior_prefix":"A106","next_prefix":"A101"},"26":{"id":277760,"text":"That neither the panels nor the hearing officer have authority to formulate policies or procedures or to alter existing policies or procedures;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","10","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"A101","prefix_anchor":"A101","level":3,"prior_prefix":"A107","next_prefix":"A102"},"27":{"id":277761,"text":"That panels and the hearing officer have the discretion to determine the propriety of attendance at the hearing of persons not having a direct interest in the hearing, and, at the request of either party, the hearing shall be private;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","10","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"A102","prefix_anchor":"A102","level":3,"prior_prefix":"A101","next_prefix":"A103"},"28":{"id":277762,"text":"That the local government provide the panel or hearing officer with copies of the grievance record prior to the hearing, and provide the grievant with a list of the documents furnished to the panel or hearing officer, and the grievant and his attorney, at least 10 days prior to the scheduled hearing, shall be allowed access to and copies of all relevant files intended to be used in the grievance proceeding;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","10","3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"A103","prefix_anchor":"A103","level":3,"prior_prefix":"A102","next_prefix":"A104"},"29":{"id":277763,"text":"That panels and hearing officers have the authority to determine the admissibility of evidence without regard to the burden of proof, or the order of presentation of evidence, so long as a full and equal opportunity is afforded to all parties for the presentation of their evidence;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","10","4"],"prefix":"4","entire_prefix":"A104","prefix_anchor":"A104","level":3,"prior_prefix":"A103","next_prefix":"A105"},"30":{"id":277764,"text":"That all evidence be presented in the presence of the panel or hearing officer and the parties, except by mutual consent of the parties;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","10","5"],"prefix":"5","entire_prefix":"A105","prefix_anchor":"A105","level":3,"prior_prefix":"A104","next_prefix":"A106"},"31":{"id":277765,"text":"That documents, exhibits and lists of witnesses be exchanged between the parties or hearing officer in advance of the hearing;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","10","6"],"prefix":"6","entire_prefix":"A106","prefix_anchor":"A106","level":3,"prior_prefix":"A105","next_prefix":"A107"},"32":{"id":277766,"text":"That the majority decision of the panel or the decision of the hearing officer, acting within the scope of its or his authority, be final, subject to existing policies, procedures and law;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","10","7"],"prefix":"7","entire_prefix":"A107","prefix_anchor":"A107","level":3,"prior_prefix":"A106","next_prefix":"A108"},"33":{"id":277767,"text":"That the panel or hearing officer’s decision be provided within a specified time to all parties; and","type":"section","prefixes":["A","10","8"],"prefix":"8","entire_prefix":"A108","prefix_anchor":"A108","level":3,"prior_prefix":"A107","next_prefix":"A109"},"34":{"id":277768,"text":"Such other provisions as may facilitate fair and expeditious hearings, with the understanding that the hearings are not intended to be conducted like proceedings in courts, and that rules of evidence do not necessarily apply.","type":"section","prefixes":["A","10","9"],"prefix":"9","entire_prefix":"A109","prefix_anchor":"A109","level":3,"prior_prefix":"A108","next_prefix":"A11"},"35":{"id":277769,"text":"Implementation of final hearing decisions.\n\t\t\t\tEither party may petition the circuit court having jurisdiction in the locality in which the grievant is employed for an order requiring implementation of the hearing decision.","type":"section","prefixes":["A","11"],"prefix":"11","entire_prefix":"A11","prefix_anchor":"A11","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A109","next_prefix":"B"},"36":{"id":277770,"text":"Notwithstanding the contrary provisions of this section, a final hearing decision rendered under the provisions of this section that would result in the reinstatement of any employee of a sheriff’s office who has been terminated for cause may be reviewed by the circuit court for the locality upon the petition of the locality. The review of the circuit court shall be limited to the question of whether the decision of the panel or hearing officer was consistent with provisions of law and written policy.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A11"}},"ancestry":[{"id":13737,"edition_id":1,"name":"General Provisions for Certain Officers and Employees","identifier":"1","label":"article","depth":4,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12734,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:45:44","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:45:44","permalink":{"id":153005,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13737,"identifier":"1","token":"15.2\/II\/15\/1","url":"\/15.2\/II\/15\/1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12734,"edition_id":1,"name":"Local Government Personnel, Qualification for Office, Bonds, Dual Office Holding and Certain Local Government Officers","identifier":"15","label":"chapter","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12733,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:50","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:50","permalink":{"id":153003,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12734,"identifier":"15","token":"15.2\/II\/15","url":"\/15.2\/II\/15\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12733,"edition_id":1,"name":"Powers of Local Government","identifier":"II","label":"subtitle","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12720,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:50","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:50","permalink":{"id":152369,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12733,"identifier":"II","token":"15.2\/II","url":"\/15.2\/II\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12720,"edition_id":1,"name":"Counties, Cities and Towns","identifier":"15.2","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:49","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:49","permalink":{"id":151279,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12720,"identifier":"15.2","token":"15.2","url":"\/15.2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":71801,"structure_id":13737,"section_number":"15.2-1500","catch_line":"Organization of local government","url":"\/15.2-1500\/","token":"15.2\/II\/15\/1\/15.2-1500","metadata":false},{"id":60492,"structure_id":13737,"section_number":"15.2-1500.1","catch_line":"Employment discrimination prohibited; sexual orientation or gender identity","url":"\/15.2-1500.1\/","token":"15.2\/II\/15\/1\/15.2-1500.1","metadata":false},{"id":79919,"structure_id":13737,"section_number":"15.2-1501","catch_line":"Designation of officers to perform certain duties","url":"\/15.2-1501\/","token":"15.2\/II\/15\/1\/15.2-1501","metadata":false},{"id":82241,"structure_id":13737,"section_number":"15.2-1502","catch_line":"Employment of certain deputies and assistants; delegation of powers and duties","url":"\/15.2-1502\/","token":"15.2\/II\/15\/1\/15.2-1502","metadata":false},{"id":58363,"structure_id":13737,"section_number":"15.2-1503","catch_line":"Tenure of officers and employees; suspension or removal","url":"\/15.2-1503\/","token":"15.2\/II\/15\/1\/15.2-1503","metadata":false},{"id":79703,"structure_id":13737,"section_number":"15.2-1503.1","catch_line":"Background checks required for certain employees and licensees","url":"\/15.2-1503.1\/","token":"15.2\/II\/15\/1\/15.2-1503.1","metadata":false},{"id":58265,"structure_id":13737,"section_number":"15.2-1504","catch_line":"Use of tobacco products by government employees","url":"\/15.2-1504\/","token":"15.2\/II\/15\/1\/15.2-1504","metadata":false},{"id":84800,"structure_id":13737,"section_number":"15.2-1505","catch_line":"Employment based on residency prohibited for certain employees","url":"\/15.2-1505\/","token":"15.2\/II\/15\/1\/15.2-1505","metadata":false},{"id":65546,"structure_id":13737,"section_number":"15.2-1505.1","catch_line":"Applicant preemployment information","url":"\/15.2-1505.1\/","token":"15.2\/II\/15\/1\/15.2-1505.1","metadata":false},{"id":72505,"structure_id":13737,"section_number":"15.2-1505.2","catch_line":"Personnel policies related to the use of public property","url":"\/15.2-1505.2\/","token":"15.2\/II\/15\/1\/15.2-1505.2","metadata":false},{"id":81798,"structure_id":13737,"section_number":"15.2-1505.3","catch_line":"Localities prohibited from inquiring about arrests, charges, or convictions on employment applications; exceptions","url":"\/15.2-1505.3\/","token":"15.2\/II\/15\/1\/15.2-1505.3","metadata":false},{"id":57426,"structure_id":13737,"section_number":"15.2-1506","catch_line":"Establishment of grievance procedure, personnel system and uniform pay plan for employees","url":"\/15.2-1506\/","token":"15.2\/II\/15\/1\/15.2-1506","metadata":false},{"id":77432,"structure_id":13737,"section_number":"15.2-1507","catch_line":"Provision of grievance procedure; training programs","url":"\/15.2-1507\/","token":"15.2\/II\/15\/1\/15.2-1507","metadata":false},{"id":55230,"structure_id":13737,"section_number":"15.2-1507.1","catch_line":"Appointment of standing panel in certain counties","url":"\/15.2-1507.1\/","token":"15.2\/II\/15\/1\/15.2-1507.1","metadata":false},{"id":64897,"structure_id":13737,"section_number":"15.2-1508","catch_line":"Bonuses for employees of local governments","url":"\/15.2-1508\/","token":"15.2\/II\/15\/1\/15.2-1508","metadata":false},{"id":60894,"structure_id":13737,"section_number":"15.2-1508.1","catch_line":"Traveling expenses on business of town, city or county","url":"\/15.2-1508.1\/","token":"15.2\/II\/15\/1\/15.2-1508.1","metadata":false},{"id":74011,"structure_id":13737,"section_number":"15.2-1508.2","catch_line":"Same; where Commonwealth bears portion of expenses","url":"\/15.2-1508.2\/","token":"15.2\/II\/15\/1\/15.2-1508.2","metadata":false},{"id":85992,"structure_id":13737,"section_number":"15.2-1508.3","catch_line":"Governing bodies of certain cities and counties may supplement salaries and reimburse traveling expenses of employees of state and local health departments","url":"\/15.2-1508.3\/","token":"15.2\/II\/15\/1\/15.2-1508.3","metadata":false},{"id":65944,"structure_id":13737,"section_number":"15.2-1508.4","catch_line":"Certain counties and cities may supplement salaries and reimburse traveling expenses of employees of state mental health clinics","url":"\/15.2-1508.4\/","token":"15.2\/II\/15\/1\/15.2-1508.4","metadata":false},{"id":83110,"structure_id":13737,"section_number":"15.2-1509","catch_line":"Preferences for veterans and people with disabilities in local government employment","url":"\/15.2-1509\/","token":"15.2\/II\/15\/1\/15.2-1509","metadata":false},{"id":57101,"structure_id":13737,"section_number":"15.2-1510","catch_line":"Retirement systems","url":"\/15.2-1510\/","token":"15.2\/II\/15\/1\/15.2-1510","metadata":false},{"id":68675,"structure_id":13737,"section_number":"15.2-1510.1","catch_line":"Public announcement of severance packages for certain officials","url":"\/15.2-1510.1\/","token":"15.2\/II\/15\/1\/15.2-1510.1","metadata":false},{"id":62802,"structure_id":13737,"section_number":"15.2-1511","catch_line":"Allowances to injured officials and employees and their dependents","url":"\/15.2-1511\/","token":"15.2\/II\/15\/1\/15.2-1511","metadata":false},{"id":62508,"structure_id":13737,"section_number":"15.2-1511.01","catch_line":"Allowances to injured deputy sheriffs","url":"\/15.2-1511.01\/","token":"15.2\/II\/15\/1\/15.2-1511.01","metadata":false},{"id":86864,"structure_id":13737,"section_number":"15.2-1511.1","catch_line":"Written benefit information to certain employees","url":"\/15.2-1511.1\/","token":"15.2\/II\/15\/1\/15.2-1511.1","metadata":false},{"id":66960,"structure_id":13737,"section_number":"15.2-1512","catch_line":"Oath and bond","url":"\/15.2-1512\/","token":"15.2\/II\/15\/1\/15.2-1512","metadata":false},{"id":54736,"structure_id":13737,"section_number":"15.2-1512.1","catch_line":"Disposition of property received by subdivisions as result of conversion of mutual insurance company to stock corporation","url":"\/15.2-1512.1\/","token":"15.2\/II\/15\/1\/15.2-1512.1","metadata":false},{"id":85589,"structure_id":13737,"section_number":"15.2-1512.2","catch_line":"Political activities of employees of localities, firefighters, emergency medical services personnel, and law-enforcement officers and certain other officers and employees","url":"\/15.2-1512.2\/","token":"15.2\/II\/15\/1\/15.2-1512.2","metadata":false},{"id":66378,"structure_id":13737,"section_number":"15.2-1512.3","catch_line":"Telecommuting by local government employees","url":"\/15.2-1512.3\/","token":"15.2\/II\/15\/1\/15.2-1512.3","metadata":false},{"id":55640,"structure_id":13737,"section_number":"15.2-1512.4","catch_line":"Rights of local employees to contact elected officials","url":"\/15.2-1512.4\/","token":"15.2\/II\/15\/1\/15.2-1512.4","metadata":false},{"id":58777,"structure_id":13737,"section_number":"15.2-1512.5","catch_line":"Authority of local government employees to issue summonses for misdemeanor violations of certain local ordinances","url":"\/15.2-1512.5\/","token":"15.2\/II\/15\/1\/15.2-1512.5","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":57426,"structure_id":13737,"section_number":"15.2-1506","catch_line":"Establishment of grievance procedure, personnel system and uniform pay plan for employees","url":"\/15.2-1506\/","token":"15.2\/II\/15\/1\/15.2-1506","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":55230,"structure_id":13737,"section_number":"15.2-1507.1","catch_line":"Appointment of standing panel in certain counties","url":"\/15.2-1507.1\/","token":"15.2\/II\/15\/1\/15.2-1507.1","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/15.2-1507\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 1978. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 845 of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. Unfortunately, the 1978 \u201cActs\u201d aren\u2019t available online. It has been modified 13 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 1985, chapter 515; in 1988, chapter 290; in 1989, chapter 254; in 1991, chapter 661; in 1995, chapters 770<\/a> and 818<\/a>; in 1996, chapters 164<\/a>, 440<\/a>, 579<\/a>, and 869<\/a>; in 1997, chapter 587<\/a>; in 2000, chapters 947<\/a> and 1006<\/a>; in 2001, chapter 589<\/a>; in 2005, chapter 714<\/a>; in 2009, chapter 736<\/a>; in 2012, chapters 803<\/a> and 835<\/a>; in 2020, chapters 1137<\/a> and 1140<\/a>.<\/p>","references":[{"id":55230,"section_number":"15.2-1507.1","catch_line":"Appointment of standing panel in certain counties","order_by":null,"url":"\/15.2-1507.1\/"},{"id":65650,"section_number":"15.2-738","catch_line":"Modification of grievance procedure","order_by":null,"url":"\/15.2-738\/"},{"id":77705,"section_number":"9.1-502","catch_line":"Notice of charges; response; election to proceed under grievance procedure of local governing body","order_by":null,"url":"\/9.1-502\/"},{"id":70227,"section_number":"9.1-601","catch_line":"Law-enforcement civilian oversight bodies","order_by":null,"url":"\/9.1-601\/"}],"refers_to":[{"id":57426,"section_number":"15.2-1506","catch_line":"Establishment of grievance procedure, personnel system and uniform pay plan for employees","order_by":null,"url":"\/15.2-1506\/"},{"id":75224,"section_number":"2.2-3000","catch_line":"Policy of the Commonwealth; responsibilities of state agencies under this chapter","order_by":null,"url":"\/2.2-3000\/"},{"id":57586,"section_number":"2.2-4024","catch_line":"Hearing officers","order_by":null,"url":"\/2.2-4024\/"},{"id":75876,"section_number":"36-4","catch_line":"Creation of redevelopment and housing authorities","order_by":null,"url":"\/36-4\/"},{"id":58322,"section_number":"36-40","catch_line":"Creation of regional housing authority","order_by":null,"url":"\/36-40\/"},{"id":70463,"section_number":"9.1-500","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/9.1-500\/"},{"id":70227,"section_number":"9.1-601","catch_line":"Law-enforcement civilian oversight bodies","order_by":null,"url":"\/9.1-601\/"}],"permalink":{"id":153055,"object_type":"law","relational_id":77432,"identifier":"15.2-1507","token":"15.2\/II\/15\/1\/15.2-1507","url":"\/15.2-1507\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/15.2-1507\/","token":"15.2\/II\/15\/1\/15.2-1507","dublin_core":{"Title":"Provision of grievance procedure; training programs","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 15.2-1507","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A.<\/span> If a local governing body<\/span> fails to adopt a grievance<\/span> procedure required by \u00a7 15.2-1506<\/a> or fails to certify it as provided in this section, the local governing body<\/span> shall be deemed to have adopted a grievance<\/span> procedure that is consistent with the provisions of Chapter 30 (\u00a7 2.2-3000<\/a> et seq.) of Title 2.2 and any regulations adopted pursuant thereto for so long as the locality<\/span> remains in noncompliance. The locality<\/span> shall provide its employees with copies of the applicable grievance<\/span> procedure upon request. The term “grievance<\/span>” as used herein shall not be interpreted to mean negotiations of wages, salaries, or fringe benefits.\n\t\t\tEach grievance<\/span> procedure, and each amendment thereto, in order<\/span> to comply with this section, shall be certified in writing to be in compliance by the city<\/span>, town<\/span>, or county<\/span> attorney, and the chief administrative officer of the locality<\/span>, and such certification filed with the clerk of the circuit<\/span> court<\/span> having jurisdiction<\/span> in the locality<\/span> in which the procedure is to apply. Local government<\/span> grievance<\/span> procedures in effect as of July 1, 1991, shall remain in full force and effect for 90 days thereafter, unless certified and filed as provided above within a shorter time period.\n\t\t\tEach grievance<\/span> procedure shall include the following components and features: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> Definition of grievance<\/span>. A grievance<\/span> shall be a complaint or dispute by an employee relating to his employment, including (i) disciplinary actions, including dismissals<\/span>, disciplinary demotions, and suspensions, provided that dismissals<\/span> shall be grievable whenever resulting from formal discipline or unsatisfactory job performance; (ii) the application of personnel policies, procedures, rules, and regulations, including the application of policies involving matters referred to in clause (iii) of subdivision 2; (iii) discrimination on the basis of race, color, creed, religion, political affiliation, age, disability, national origin, sex, marital status, pregnancy, childbirth or related medical conditions, sexual orientation, gender identity, or military status; and (iv) acts of retaliation as the result of the use of or participation in the grievance<\/span> procedure or because the employee has complied with any law<\/span> of the United States or of the Commonwealth, has reported any violation of such law<\/span> to a governmental authority, has sought any change in law<\/span> before the Congress of the United States or the General Assembly, or has reported an incidence of fraud<\/span>, abuse, or gross mismanagement. For the purposes of clause (iv), there shall be a rebuttable presumption<\/span> that increasing the penalty<\/span> that is the subject of the grievance<\/span> at any level of the grievance<\/span> shall be an act of retaliation. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> Local government<\/span> responsibilities. Local governments<\/span> shall retain the exclusive right to manage the affairs and operations of government. Accordingly, the following complaints are nongrievable: (i) establishment and revision of wages or salaries, position classification, or general benefits; (ii) work activity accepted by the employee as a condition of employment or work activity that may reasonably be expected to be a part of the job content; (iii) the contents of ordinances<\/span>, statutes<\/span>, or established personnel policies, procedures, rules, and regulations; (iv) failure to promote except where the employee can show that established promotional policies or procedures were not followed or applied fairly; (v) the methods, means, and personnel by which work activities are to be carried on; (vi) except where such action affects an employee who has been reinstated within the previous six months as the result of the final determination of a grievance<\/span>, termination, layoff, demotion, or suspension from duties because of lack of work, reduction in work force, or job abolition; (vii) the hiring, promotion, transfer, assignment, and retention of employees within the local government<\/span>; and (viii) the relief of employees from duties of the local government<\/span> in emergencies. In any grievance<\/span> brought under the exception to clause (vi), the action shall be upheld upon a showing by the local government<\/span> that (a) there was a valid business reason for the action and (b) the employee was notified of the reason in writing prior to the effective date of the action. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

3.<\/span> Coverage of personnel.\n\t\t\t\ta. Unless otherwise provided by law<\/span>, all nonprobationary local government<\/span> permanent full-time and part-time employees are eligible to file grievances<\/span> with the following exceptions: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> Appointees of elected groups or individuals; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> Officials and employees who by charter or other law<\/span> serve at the will or pleasure of an appointing authority; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

3.<\/span> Deputies and executive assistants to the chief administrative officer of a locality<\/span>; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

4.<\/span> Agency heads or chief executive officers of government operations; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

5.<\/span> Employees whose terms of employment are limited by law<\/span>; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

6.<\/span> Temporary, limited term, and seasonal employees; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

7.<\/span> Law<\/span>-enforcement officers as defined in Chapter 5 (§ 9.1-500<\/a> et seq.) of Title 9.1 whose grievance<\/span> is subject to the provisions of Chapter 5 (§ 9.1-500<\/a> et seq.) of Title 9.1 and who have elected to proceed pursuant to those provisions in the resolution of their grievance<\/span>, or any other employee electing to proceed pursuant to any other existing procedure in the resolution of his grievance<\/span>; and <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

8.<\/span> Law<\/span>-enforcement officers as defined in § 9.1-601<\/a> whose grievance<\/span> is subject to the provisions of § 9.1-601<\/a> and relates to a binding disciplinary determination made by a law<\/span>-enforcement civilian oversight body, except as permitted by subsection F of § 9.1-601<\/a>.\n\t\t\t\t\tb. Notwithstanding the exceptions set forth in subdivision a, local governments<\/span>, at their sole discretion, may voluntarily include employees in any of the excepted categories within the coverage of their grievance<\/span> procedures.\n\t\t\t\t\tc. The chief administrative officer of each local government<\/span>, or his designee, shall determine the officers and employees excluded from the grievance<\/span> procedure, and shall be responsible for maintaining an up-to-date list of the affected positions. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

4.<\/span> Grievance<\/span> procedure availability and coverage for employees of community services<\/span> boards, redevelopment and housing authorities, and regional housing authorities. Employees of community services<\/span> boards, redevelopment and housing authorities created pursuant to § 36-4<\/a>, and regional housing authorities created pursuant to § 36-40<\/a> shall be included in (i) a local governing body<\/span>’s grievance<\/span> procedure or personnel system, if agreed to by the department, board, or authority and the locality<\/span> or (ii) a grievance<\/span> procedure established and administered by the department, board, or authority that is consistent with the provisions of Chapter 30 (§ 2.2-3000<\/a> et seq.) of Title 2.2 and any regulations promulgated pursuant thereto. If a department, board, or authority fails to establish a grievance<\/span> procedure pursuant to clause (i) or (ii), it shall be deemed to have adopted a grievance<\/span> procedure that is consistent with the provisions of Chapter 30 (§ 2.2-3000<\/a> et seq.) of Title 2.2 and any regulations adopted pursuant thereto for so long as it remains in noncompliance. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

5.<\/span> General requirements for procedures.\n\t\t\t\ta. Each grievance<\/span> procedure shall include not more than four steps for airing complaints at successively higher levels of local government<\/span> management, and a final step providing for a panel<\/span> hearing<\/span> or a hearing<\/span> before an administrative hearing<\/span> officer upon the agreement of both parties.\n\t\t\t\tb. Grievance<\/span> procedures shall prescribe reasonable and specific time limitations for the grievant to submit an initial complaint and to appeal<\/span> each decision through the steps of the grievance<\/span> procedure.\n\t\t\t\tc. Nothing contained in this section shall prohibit a local government<\/span> from granting its employees rights greater than those contained herein, provided that such grant does not exceed or violate the general law<\/span> or public policy of the Commonwealth. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

6.<\/span> Time periods.\n\t\t\t\ta. It is intended that speedy attention to employee grievances<\/span> be promoted, consistent with the ability of the parties to prepare for a fair consideration of the issues<\/span> of concern.\n\t\t\t\tb. The time for submitting an initial complaint shall not be less than 20 calendar days after the event giving rise to the grievance<\/span>, but local governments<\/span> may, at their option, allow a longer time period.\n\t\t\t\tc. Limits for steps after initial presentation of grievance<\/span> shall be the same or greater for the grievant than the time that is allowed for local government<\/span> response in each comparable situation.\n\t\t\t\td. Time frames may be extended by mutual agreement of the local government<\/span> and the grievant. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

7.<\/span> Compliance.\n\t\t\t\ta. After the initial filing of a written grievance<\/span>, failure of either party<\/span> to comply with all substantial procedural requirements of the grievance<\/span> procedure, including the panel<\/span> or administrative hearing<\/span>, without just cause shall result in a decision in favor of the other party<\/span> on any grievable issue<\/span>, provided the party<\/span> not in compliance fails to correct the noncompliance within five workdays of receipt of written notification by the other party<\/span> of the compliance violation. Such written notification by the grievant shall be made to the chief administrative officer, or his designee.\n\t\t\t\tb. The chief administrative officer, or his designee, at his option, may require a clear written explanation of the basis for just cause extensions or exceptions. The chief administrative officer, or his designee, shall determine compliance issues<\/span>. Compliance determinations made by the chief administrative officer shall be subject to judicial review by filing petition<\/span> with the circuit<\/span> court<\/span> within 30 days of the compliance determination. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

8.<\/span> Management steps.\n\t\t\t\ta. The first step shall provide for an informal, initial processing of employee complaints by the immediate supervisor<\/span> through a nonwritten, discussion format.\n\t\t\t\tb. Management steps shall provide for a review with higher levels of local government<\/span> authority following the employee’s reduction to writing of the grievance<\/span> and the relief requested on forms supplied by the local government<\/span>. Personal face-to-face meetings are required at all of these steps.\n\t\t\t\tc. With the exception of the final management step, the only persons who may normally be present in the management step meetings are the grievant, the appropriate local government<\/span> official at the level at which the grievance<\/span> is being heard, and appropriate witnesses for each side. Witnesses shall be present only while actually providing testimony<\/span>. At the final management step, the grievant, at his option, may have present a representative of his choice. If the grievant is represented by legal counsel<\/span>, local government<\/span> likewise has the option of being represented by counsel<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

9.<\/span> Qualification for panel<\/span> or administrative hearing<\/span>.\n\t\t\t\ta. Decisions regarding grievability and access to the procedure shall be made by the chief administrative officer of the local government<\/span>, or his designee, at any time prior to the panel<\/span> hearing<\/span>, at the request of the local government<\/span> or grievant, within 10 calendar days of the request. No city<\/span>, town<\/span>, or county<\/span> attorney, or attorney for the Commonwealth, shall be authorized to decide the question of grievability. A copy of the ruling shall be sent to the grievant. Decisions of the chief administrative officer of the local government<\/span>, or his designee, may be appealed to the circuit<\/span> court<\/span> having jurisdiction<\/span> in the locality<\/span> in which the grievant is employed for a hearing<\/span> on the issue<\/span> of whether the grievance<\/span> qualifies for a panel<\/span> hearing<\/span>. Proceedings for review of the decision of the chief administrative officer or his designee shall be instituted by the grievant by filing a notice of appeal<\/span> with the chief administrative officer within 10 calendar days from the date of receipt of the decision and giving a copy thereof to all other parties. Within 10 calendar days thereafter, the chief administrative officer or his designee shall transmit to the clerk of the court<\/span> to which the appeal is taken: a copy of the decision of the chief administrative officer, a copy of the notice of appeal<\/span>, and the exhibits. A list of the evidence<\/span> furnished to the court<\/span> shall also be furnished to the grievant. The failure of the chief administrative officer or his designee to transmit the record shall not prejudice the rights of the grievant. The court<\/span>, on motion<\/span> of the grievant, may issue<\/span> a writ of certiorari<\/span> requiring the chief administrative officer to transmit the record on or before a certain date.\n\t\t\t\tb. Within 30 days of receipt of such records by the clerk, the court<\/span>, sitting without a jury<\/span>, shall hear the appeal on the record transmitted by the chief administrative officer or his designee and such additional evidence<\/span> as may be necessary to resolve any controversy as to the correctness of the record. The court<\/span>, in its discretion, may receive such other evidence<\/span> as the ends of justice require. The court<\/span> may affirm<\/span> the decision of the chief administrative officer or his designee, or may reverse<\/span> or modify the decision. The decision of the court<\/span> shall be rendered no later than the fifteenth day from the date of the conclusion of the hearing<\/span>. The decision of the court<\/span> is final and is not appealable. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

10.<\/span> Final hearings<\/span>.\n\t\t\t\ta. Qualifying grievances<\/span> shall advance to either a panel<\/span> hearing<\/span> or a hearing<\/span> before an administrative hearing<\/span> officer, as set forth in the locality<\/span>’s grievance<\/span> procedure, as described below: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> If the grievance<\/span> procedure adopted by the local governing body<\/span> provides that the final step shall be an impartial panel<\/span> hearing<\/span>, the panel<\/span> may, with the exception of those local governments<\/span> covered by subdivision a (2), consist of one member appointed by the grievant, one member appointed by the agency head and a third member selected by the first two. In the event that agreement cannot be reached as to the final panel<\/span> member, the chief judge<\/span> of the circuit<\/span> court<\/span> of the jurisdiction<\/span> wherein the dispute arose shall select the third panel<\/span> member. The panel<\/span> shall not be composed of any persons having direct involvement with the grievance<\/span> being heard by the panel<\/span>, or with the complaint or dispute giving rise to the grievance<\/span>. Managers who are in a direct line of supervision of a grievant, persons residing in the same household as the grievant and the following relatives of a participant in the grievance<\/span> process or a participant’s spouse are prohibited from serving as panel<\/span> members: spouse, parent, child, descendants of a child, sibling, niece, nephew and first cousin. No attorney having direct involvement with the subject matter of the grievance<\/span>, nor a partner, associate, employee or co-employee of the attorney shall serve as a panel<\/span> member. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> If the grievance<\/span> procedure adopted by the local governing body<\/span> provides for the final step to be an impartial panel<\/span> hearing<\/span>, local governments<\/span> may retain the panel<\/span> composition method previously approved by the Department of Human Resource Management and in effect as of the enactment of this statute<\/span>. Modifications to the panel<\/span> composition method shall be permitted with regard to the size of the panel<\/span> and the terms of office for panel<\/span> members, so long as the basic integrity and independence of panels<\/span> are maintained. As used in this section, the term “panel<\/span>” shall include all bodies designated and authorized to make final and binding decisions. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

3.<\/span> When a local government<\/span> elects to use an administrative hearing<\/span> officer rather than a three-person panel<\/span> for the final step in the grievance<\/span> procedure, the administrative hearing<\/span> officer shall be appointed by the Executive Secretary of the Supreme Court<\/span> of Virginia. The appointment shall be made from the list of administrative hearing<\/span> officers maintained by the Executive Secretary pursuant to § 2.2-4024<\/a> and shall be made from the appropriate geographical region on a rotating basis. In the alternative, the local government<\/span> may request the appointment of an administrative hearing<\/span> officer from the Department of Human Resource Management. If a local government<\/span> elects to use an administrative hearing<\/span> officer, it shall bear the expense of such officer’s services. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

4.<\/span> When the local government<\/span> uses a panel<\/span> in the final step of the procedure, there shall be a chairperson of the panel<\/span> and, when panels<\/span> are composed of three persons (one each selected by the respective parties and the third from an impartial source), the third member shall be the chairperson. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

5.<\/span> Both the grievant and the respondent may call upon appropriate witnesses and be represented by legal counsel<\/span> or other representatives at the hearing<\/span>. Such representatives may examine, cross-examine, question and present evidence<\/span> on behalf of the grievant or respondent before the panel<\/span> or hearing<\/span> officer without being in violation of the provisions of § 54.1-3904<\/a>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

6.<\/span> The decision of the panel<\/span> or hearing<\/span> officer shall be final and binding and shall be consistent with provisions of law<\/span> and written policy. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

7.<\/span> The question of whether the relief granted by a panel<\/span> or hearing<\/span> officer is consistent with written policy shall be determined by the chief administrative officer of the local government<\/span>, or his designee, unless such person has a direct personal involvement with the event or events giving rise to the grievance<\/span>, in which case the decision shall be made by the attorney for the Commonwealth of the jurisdiction<\/span> in which the grievance<\/span> is pending.\n\t\t\t\t\tb. Rules for panel<\/span> and administrative hearings<\/span>.\n\t\t\t\t\tUnless otherwise provided by law<\/span>, local governments<\/span> shall adopt rules for the conduct of panel<\/span> or administrative hearings<\/span> as a part of their grievance<\/span> procedures, or shall adopt separate rules for such hearings<\/span>. Rules that are promulgated shall include the following provisions: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> That neither the panels<\/span> nor the hearing<\/span> officer have authority to formulate policies or procedures or to alter existing policies or procedures; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> That panels<\/span> and the hearing<\/span> officer have the discretion to determine the propriety of attendance at the hearing<\/span> of persons not having a direct interest in the hearing<\/span>, and, at the request of either party<\/span>, the hearing<\/span> shall be private; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

3.<\/span> That the local government<\/span> provide the panel<\/span> or hearing<\/span> officer with copies of the grievance<\/span> record prior to the hearing<\/span>, and provide the grievant with a list of the documents furnished to the panel<\/span> or hearing<\/span> officer, and the grievant and his attorney, at least 10 days prior to the scheduled hearing<\/span>, shall be allowed access to and copies of all relevant files intended to be used in the grievance<\/span> proceeding; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

4.<\/span> That panels<\/span> and hearing<\/span> officers have the authority to determine the admissibility of evidence<\/span> without regard to the burden of proof<\/span>, or the order<\/span> of presentation of evidence<\/span>, so long as a full and equal opportunity is afforded to all parties for the presentation of their evidence<\/span>; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

5.<\/span> That all evidence<\/span> be presented in the presence of the panel<\/span> or hearing<\/span> officer and the parties, except by mutual consent of the parties; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

6.<\/span> That documents, exhibits and lists of witnesses be exchanged between the parties or hearing<\/span> officer in advance of the hearing<\/span>; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

7.<\/span> That the majority decision of the panel<\/span> or the decision of the hearing<\/span> officer, acting within the scope of its or his authority, be final, subject to existing policies, procedures and law<\/span>; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

8.<\/span> That the panel<\/span> or hearing<\/span> officer’s decision be provided within a specified time to all parties; and <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

9.<\/span> Such other provisions as may facilitate fair and expeditious hearings<\/span>, with the understanding that the hearings<\/span> are not intended to be conducted like proceedings in courts<\/span>, and that rules of evidence<\/span> do not necessarily apply. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

11.<\/span> Implementation of final hearing<\/span> decisions.\n\t\t\t\tEither party<\/span> may petition<\/span> the circuit<\/span> court<\/span> having jurisdiction<\/span> in the locality<\/span> in which the grievant is employed for an order<\/span> requiring implementation of the hearing<\/span> decision. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> Notwithstanding the contrary provisions of this section, a final hearing<\/span> decision rendered under the provisions of this section that would result in the reinstatement of any employee of a sheriff’s office who has been terminated for cause may be reviewed by the circuit<\/span> court<\/span> for the locality<\/span> upon the petition<\/span> of the locality<\/span>. The review of the circuit<\/span> court<\/span> shall be limited to the question of whether the decision of the panel<\/span> or hearing<\/span> officer was consistent with provisions of law<\/span> and written policy. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nPROVISION OF GRIEVANCE PROCEDURE; TRAINING PROGRAMS (\u00a7 15.2-1507)\n\nA. If a local governing body fails to adopt a grievance procedure required by \u00a7\n15.2-1506 or fails to certify it as provided in this section, the local\ngoverning body shall be deemed to have adopted a grievance procedure that is\nconsistent with the provisions of Chapter 30 (\u00a7 2.2-3000 et seq.) of Title 2.2\nand any regulations adopted pursuant thereto for so long as the locality remains\nin noncompliance. The locality shall provide its employees with copies of the\napplicable grievance procedure upon request. The term “grievance” as\nused herein shall not be interpreted to mean negotiations of wages, salaries, or\nfringe benefits.\n\t\t\tEach grievance procedure, and each amendment thereto, in order to comply with\nthis section, shall be certified in writing to be in compliance by the city,\ntown, or county attorney, and the chief administrative officer of the locality,\nand such certification filed with the clerk of the circuit court having\njurisdiction in the locality in which the procedure is to apply. Local\ngovernment grievance procedures in effect as of July 1, 1991, shall remain in\nfull force and effect for 90 days thereafter, unless certified and filed as\nprovided above within a shorter time period.\n\t\t\tEach grievance procedure shall include the following components and features:\n\n 1. Definition of grievance. A grievance shall be a complaint or dispute by an\n employee relating to his employment, including (i) disciplinary actions,\n including dismissals, disciplinary demotions, and suspensions, provided that\n dismissals shall be grievable whenever resulting from formal discipline or\n unsatisfactory job performance; (ii) the application of personnel policies,\n procedures, rules, and regulations, including the application of policies\n involving matters referred to in clause (iii) of subdivision 2; (iii)\n discrimination on the basis of race, color, creed, religion, political\n affiliation, age, disability, national origin, sex, marital status, pregnancy,\n childbirth or related medical conditions, sexual orientation, gender identity,\n or military status; and (iv) acts of retaliation as the result of the use of\n or participation in the grievance procedure or because the employee has\n complied with any law of the United States or of the Commonwealth, has\n reported any violation of such law to a governmental authority, has sought any\n change in law before the Congress of the United States or the General\n Assembly, or has reported an incidence of fraud, abuse, or gross\n mismanagement. For the purposes of clause (iv), there shall be a rebuttable\n presumption that increasing the penalty that is the subject of the grievance\n at any level of the grievance shall be an act of retaliation.\n\n 2. Local government responsibilities. Local governments shall retain the\n exclusive right to manage the affairs and operations of government.\n Accordingly, the following complaints are nongrievable: (i) establishment and\n revision of wages or salaries, position classification, or general benefits;\n (ii) work activity accepted by the employee as a condition of employment or\n work activity that may reasonably be expected to be a part of the job content;\n (iii) the contents of ordinances, statutes, or established personnel policies,\n procedures, rules, and regulations; (iv) failure to promote except where the\n employee can show that established promotional policies or procedures were not\n followed or applied fairly; (v) the methods, means, and personnel by which\n work activities are to be carried on; (vi) except where such action affects an\n employee who has been reinstated within the previous six months as the result\n of the final determination of a grievance, termination, layoff, demotion, or\n suspension from duties because of lack of work, reduction in work force, or\n job abolition; (vii) the hiring, promotion, transfer, assignment, and\n retention of employees within the local government; and (viii) the relief of\n employees from duties of the local government in emergencies. In any grievance\n brought under the exception to clause (vi), the action shall be upheld upon a\n showing by the local government that (a) there was a valid business reason for\n the action and (b) the employee was notified of the reason in writing prior to\n the effective date of the action.\n\n 3. Coverage of personnel.\n \t\t\t\ta. Unless otherwise provided by law, all nonprobationary local government\n permanent full-time and part-time employees are eligible to file grievances\n with the following exceptions:\n\n 1. Appointees of elected groups or individuals;\n\n 2. Officials and employees who by charter or other law serve at the will or\n pleasure of an appointing authority;\n\n 3. Deputies and executive assistants to the chief administrative officer of\n a locality;\n\n 4. Agency heads or chief executive officers of government operations;\n\n 5. Employees whose terms of employment are limited by law;\n\n 6. Temporary, limited term, and seasonal employees;\n\n 7. Law-enforcement officers as defined in Chapter 5 (§ 9.1-500 et seq.)\n of Title 9.1 whose grievance is subject to the provisions of Chapter 5\n (§ 9.1-500 et seq.) of Title 9.1 and who have elected to proceed\n pursuant to those provisions in the resolution of their grievance, or any\n other employee electing to proceed pursuant to any other existing procedure\n in the resolution of his grievance; and\n\n 8. Law-enforcement officers as defined in § 9.1-601 whose grievance is\n subject to the provisions of § 9.1-601 and relates to a binding\n disciplinary determination made by a law-enforcement civilian oversight\n body, except as permitted by subsection F of § 9.1-601.\n \t\t\t\t\tb. Notwithstanding the exceptions set forth in subdivision a, local\n governments, at their sole discretion, may voluntarily include employees in\n any of the excepted categories within the coverage of their grievance\n procedures.\n \t\t\t\t\tc. The chief administrative officer of each local government, or his\n designee, shall determine the officers and employees excluded from the\n grievance procedure, and shall be responsible for maintaining an up-to-date\n list of the affected positions.\n\n 4. Grievance procedure availability and coverage for employees of community\n services boards, redevelopment and housing authorities, and regional housing\n authorities. Employees of community services boards, redevelopment and housing\n authorities created pursuant to § 36-4, and regional housing authorities\n created pursuant to § 36-40 shall be included in (i) a local governing\n body’s grievance procedure or personnel system, if agreed to by the\n department, board, or authority and the locality or (ii) a grievance procedure\n established and administered by the department, board, or authority that is\n consistent with the provisions of Chapter 30 (§ 2.2-3000 et seq.) of\n Title 2.2 and any regulations promulgated pursuant thereto. If a department,\n board, or authority fails to establish a grievance procedure pursuant to\n clause (i) or (ii), it shall be deemed to have adopted a grievance procedure\n that is consistent with the provisions of Chapter 30 (§ 2.2-3000 et seq.)\n of Title 2.2 and any regulations adopted pursuant thereto for so long as it\n remains in noncompliance.\n\n 5. General requirements for procedures.\n \t\t\t\ta. Each grievance procedure shall include not more than four steps for\n airing complaints at successively higher levels of local government\n management, and a final step providing for a panel hearing or a hearing before\n an administrative hearing officer upon the agreement of both parties.\n \t\t\t\tb. Grievance procedures shall prescribe reasonable and specific time\n limitations for the grievant to submit an initial complaint and to appeal each\n decision through the steps of the grievance procedure.\n \t\t\t\tc. Nothing contained in this section shall prohibit a local government\n from granting its employees rights greater than those contained herein,\n provided that such grant does not exceed or violate the general law or public\n policy of the Commonwealth.\n\n 6. Time periods.\n \t\t\t\ta. It is intended that speedy attention to employee grievances be\n promoted, consistent with the ability of the parties to prepare for a fair\n consideration of the issues of concern.\n \t\t\t\tb. The time for submitting an initial complaint shall not be less than 20\n calendar days after the event giving rise to the grievance, but local\n governments may, at their option, allow a longer time period.\n \t\t\t\tc. Limits for steps after initial presentation of grievance shall be the\n same or greater for the grievant than the time that is allowed for local\n government response in each comparable situation.\n \t\t\t\td. Time frames may be extended by mutual agreement of the local government\n and the grievant.\n\n 7. Compliance.\n \t\t\t\ta. After the initial filing of a written grievance, failure of either\n party to comply with all substantial procedural requirements of the grievance\n procedure, including the panel or administrative hearing, without just cause\n shall result in a decision in favor of the other party on any grievable issue,\n provided the party not in compliance fails to correct the noncompliance within\n five workdays of receipt of written notification by the other party of the\n compliance violation. Such written notification by the grievant shall be made\n to the chief administrative officer, or his designee.\n \t\t\t\tb. The chief administrative officer, or his designee, at his option, may\n require a clear written explanation of the basis for just cause extensions or\n exceptions. The chief administrative officer, or his designee, shall determine\n compliance issues. Compliance determinations made by the chief administrative\n officer shall be subject to judicial review by filing petition with the\n circuit court within 30 days of the compliance determination.\n\n 8. Management steps.\n \t\t\t\ta. The first step shall provide for an informal, initial processing of\n employee complaints by the immediate supervisor through a nonwritten,\n discussion format.\n \t\t\t\tb. Management steps shall provide for a review with higher levels of local\n government authority following the employee’s reduction to writing of\n the grievance and the relief requested on forms supplied by the local\n government. Personal face-to-face meetings are required at all of these steps.\n \t\t\t\tc. With the exception of the final management step, the only persons who\n may normally be present in the management step meetings are the grievant, the\n appropriate local government official at the level at which the grievance is\n being heard, and appropriate witnesses for each side. Witnesses shall be\n present only while actually providing testimony. At the final management step,\n the grievant, at his option, may have present a representative of his choice.\n If the grievant is represented by legal counsel, local government likewise has\n the option of being represented by counsel.\n\n 9. Qualification for panel or administrative hearing.\n \t\t\t\ta. Decisions regarding grievability and access to the procedure shall be\n made by the chief administrative officer of the local government, or his\n designee, at any time prior to the panel hearing, at the request of the local\n government or grievant, within 10 calendar days of the request. No city, town,\n or county attorney, or attorney for the Commonwealth, shall be authorized to\n decide the question of grievability. A copy of the ruling shall be sent to the\n grievant. Decisions of the chief administrative officer of the local\n government, or his designee, may be appealed to the circuit court having\n jurisdiction in the locality in which the grievant is employed for a hearing\n on the issue of whether the grievance qualifies for a panel hearing.\n Proceedings for review of the decision of the chief administrative officer or\n his designee shall be instituted by the grievant by filing a notice of appeal\n with the chief administrative officer within 10 calendar days from the date of\n receipt of the decision and giving a copy thereof to all other parties. Within\n 10 calendar days thereafter, the chief administrative officer or his designee\n shall transmit to the clerk of the court to which the appeal is taken: a copy\n of the decision of the chief administrative officer, a copy of the notice of\n appeal, and the exhibits. A list of the evidence furnished to the court shall\n also be furnished to the grievant. The failure of the chief administrative\n officer or his designee to transmit the record shall not prejudice the rights\n of the grievant. The court, on motion of the grievant, may issue a writ of\n certiorari requiring the chief administrative officer to transmit the record\n on or before a certain date.\n \t\t\t\tb. Within 30 days of receipt of such records by the clerk, the court,\n sitting without a jury, shall hear the appeal on the record transmitted by the\n chief administrative officer or his designee and such additional evidence as\n may be necessary to resolve any controversy as to the correctness of the\n record. The court, in its discretion, may receive such other evidence as the\n ends of justice require. The court may affirm the decision of the chief\n administrative officer or his designee, or may reverse or modify the decision.\n The decision of the court shall be rendered no later than the fifteenth day\n from the date of the conclusion of the hearing. The decision of the court is\n final and is not appealable.\n\n 10. Final hearings.\n \t\t\t\ta. Qualifying grievances shall advance to either a panel hearing or a\n hearing before an administrative hearing officer, as set forth in the\n locality’s grievance procedure, as described below:\n\n 1. If the grievance procedure adopted by the local governing body provides\n that the final step shall be an impartial panel hearing, the panel may, with\n the exception of those local governments covered by subdivision a (2),\n consist of one member appointed by the grievant, one member appointed by the\n agency head and a third member selected by the first two. In the event that\n agreement cannot be reached as to the final panel member, the chief judge of\n the circuit court of the jurisdiction wherein the dispute arose shall select\n the third panel member. The panel shall not be composed of any persons\n having direct involvement with the grievance being heard by the panel, or\n with the complaint or dispute giving rise to the grievance. Managers who are\n in a direct line of supervision of a grievant, persons residing in the same\n household as the grievant and the following relatives of a participant in\n the grievance process or a participant’s spouse are prohibited from\n serving as panel members: spouse, parent, child, descendants of a child,\n sibling, niece, nephew and first cousin. No attorney having direct\n involvement with the subject matter of the grievance, nor a partner,\n associate, employee or co-employee of the attorney shall serve as a panel\n member.\n\n 2. If the grievance procedure adopted by the local governing body provides\n for the final step to be an impartial panel hearing, local governments may\n retain the panel composition method previously approved by the Department of\n Human Resource Management and in effect as of the enactment of this statute.\n Modifications to the panel composition method shall be permitted with regard\n to the size of the panel and the terms of office for panel members, so long\n as the basic integrity and independence of panels are maintained. As used in\n this section, the term “panel” shall include all bodies\n designated and authorized to make final and binding decisions.\n\n 3. When a local government elects to use an administrative hearing officer\n rather than a three-person panel for the final step in the grievance\n procedure, the administrative hearing officer shall be appointed by the\n Executive Secretary of the Supreme Court of Virginia. The appointment shall\n be made from the list of administrative hearing officers maintained by the\n Executive Secretary pursuant to § 2.2-4024 and shall be made from the\n appropriate geographical region on a rotating basis. In the alternative, the\n local government may request the appointment of an administrative hearing\n officer from the Department of Human Resource Management. If a local\n government elects to use an administrative hearing officer, it shall bear\n the expense of such officer’s services.\n\n 4. When the local government uses a panel in the final step of the\n procedure, there shall be a chairperson of the panel and, when panels are\n composed of three persons (one each selected by the respective parties and\n the third from an impartial source), the third member shall be the\n chairperson.\n\n 5. Both the grievant and the respondent may call upon appropriate witnesses\n and be represented by legal counsel or other representatives at the hearing.\n Such representatives may examine, cross-examine, question and present\n evidence on behalf of the grievant or respondent before the panel or hearing\n officer without being in violation of the provisions of § 54.1-3904.\n\n 6. The decision of the panel or hearing officer shall be final and binding\n and shall be consistent with provisions of law and written policy.\n\n 7. The question of whether the relief granted by a panel or hearing officer\n is consistent with written policy shall be determined by the chief\n administrative officer of the local government, or his designee, unless such\n person has a direct personal involvement with the event or events giving\n rise to the grievance, in which case the decision shall be made by the\n attorney for the Commonwealth of the jurisdiction in which the grievance is\n pending.\n \t\t\t\t\tb. Rules for panel and administrative hearings.\n \t\t\t\t\tUnless otherwise provided by law, local governments shall adopt rules\n for the conduct of panel or administrative hearings as a part of their\n grievance procedures, or shall adopt separate rules for such hearings. Rules\n that are promulgated shall include the following provisions:\n\n 1. That neither the panels nor the hearing officer have authority to\n formulate policies or procedures or to alter existing policies or\n procedures;\n\n 2. That panels and the hearing officer have the discretion to determine the\n propriety of attendance at the hearing of persons not having a direct\n interest in the hearing, and, at the request of either party, the hearing\n shall be private;\n\n 3. That the local government provide the panel or hearing officer with\n copies of the grievance record prior to the hearing, and provide the\n grievant with a list of the documents furnished to the panel or hearing\n officer, and the grievant and his attorney, at least 10 days prior to the\n scheduled hearing, shall be allowed access to and copies of all relevant\n files intended to be used in the grievance proceeding;\n\n 4. That panels and hearing officers have the authority to determine the\n admissibility of evidence without regard to the burden of proof, or the\n order of presentation of evidence, so long as a full and equal opportunity\n is afforded to all parties for the presentation of their evidence;\n\n 5. That all evidence be presented in the presence of the panel or hearing\n officer and the parties, except by mutual consent of the parties;\n\n 6. That documents, exhibits and lists of witnesses be exchanged between the\n parties or hearing officer in advance of the hearing;\n\n 7. That the majority decision of the panel or the decision of the hearing\n officer, acting within the scope of its or his authority, be final, subject\n to existing policies, procedures and law;\n\n 8. That the panel or hearing officer’s decision be provided within a\n specified time to all parties; and\n\n 9. Such other provisions as may facilitate fair and expeditious hearings,\n with the understanding that the hearings are not intended to be conducted\n like proceedings in courts, and that rules of evidence do not necessarily\n apply.\n\n 11. Implementation of final hearing decisions.\n \t\t\t\tEither party may petition the circuit court having jurisdiction in the\n locality in which the grievant is employed for an order requiring\n implementation of the hearing decision.\n\nB. Notwithstanding the contrary provisions of this section, a final hearing\ndecision rendered under the provisions of this section that would result in the\nreinstatement of any employee of a sheriff’s office who has been\nterminated for cause may be reviewed by the circuit court for the locality upon\nthe petition of the locality. The review of the circuit court shall be limited\nto the question of whether the decision of the panel or hearing officer was\nconsistent with provisions of law and written policy.\n\nHISTORY: 1978, c. 845, \u00a7 15.1-7.2; 1985, c. 515; 1988, c. 290; 1989, c. 254;\n1991, c. 661; 1995, cc. 770, 818; 1996, cc. 164, 440, 579, 869; 1997, c. 587;\n2000, cc. 947, 1006; 2001, c. 589; 2005, c. 714; 2009, c. 736; 2012, cc. 803,\n835; 2020, cc. 1137, 1140; 2020, Sp. Sess. I, cc. 29, 30; 2021, Sp. Sess. I, cc.\n477, 478.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}