{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/15.2-2269.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/15.2-2269.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/15.2-2269.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/15.2-2269.html"}],"law_id":63270,"edition_id":1,"section_id":63270,"structure_id":14154,"section_number":"15.2-2269","catch_line":"Plans and specifications for utility fixtures and systems to be submitted for approval","history":"Code 1950, \u00a7 15-967.15; 1962, c. 407, \u00a7 15.1-480; 1997, c.; 2007, c. 202; 2008, c. 718; 2025, c. 594.","full_text":"A\n\nIf the owners of any such subdivision desire to construct in, on, under, or adjacent to any streets or alleys located in such subdivision any gas, water, sewer or electric light or power works, pipes, wires, fixtures or systems, they shall present plans or specifications therefor to the designated agent, for approval. If the subdivision is located beyond the corporate limits of a municipality but within the limits set forth in § 15.2-2248, such plans and specifications shall be presented for approval to the designated agent, if the county has not adopted a subdivision ordinance. The designated agent, shall have 45 days in which to approve or disapprove the same. In event of the failure of any designated agent, to act within such period, such plans and specifications may be submitted, after ten days’ notice to the locality, to the circuit court for such locality for its approval or disapproval, and its approval thereof shall, for all purposes of this article be treated and considered as approval by the designated agent.B\n\nAny state agency or public authority authorized by state law making a review of any plat forwarded to it under this article, including, without limitation, the Virginia Department of Transportation and authorities authorized by Chapter 51 (§ 15.2-5100 et seq.), shall complete its review within 45 days of receipt of the plans, provided, however, that the time periods set forth in § 15.2-2222.1 shall apply to plats triggering the applicability of said section. The Virginia Department of Transportation and authorities authorized by Chapter 51 (§ 15.2-5100 et seq.) shall allow use of public rights-of-way dedicated for public street purposes for placement of utilities by permit when practical and shall not unreasonably deny plan approval. If a state agency or public authority by state law does not approve the plan, it shall comply with the requirements, and be subject to the restrictions, set forth in subsection A of § 15.2-2259, with respect to the exception of the time period therein specified. Upon receipt of the approvals from all state agencies, the designated agent shall act upon a preliminary subdivision plat within 35 days.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":230602,"text":"If the owners of any such subdivision desire to construct in, on, under, or adjacent to any streets or alleys located in such subdivision any gas, water, sewer or electric light or power works, pipes, wires, fixtures or systems, they shall present plans or specifications therefor to the designated agent, for approval. If the subdivision is located beyond the corporate limits of a municipality but within the limits set forth in § 15.2-2248, such plans and specifications shall be presented for approval to the designated agent, if the county has not adopted a subdivision ordinance. The designated agent, shall have 45 days in which to approve or disapprove the same. In event of the failure of any designated agent, to act within such period, such plans and specifications may be submitted, after ten days’ notice to the locality, to the circuit court for such locality for its approval or disapproval, and its approval thereof shall, for all purposes of this article be treated and considered as approval by the designated agent.","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"B"},"1":{"id":230603,"text":"Any state agency or public authority authorized by state law making a review of any plat forwarded to it under this article, including, without limitation, the Virginia Department of Transportation and authorities authorized by Chapter 51 (§ 15.2-5100 et seq.), shall complete its review within 45 days of receipt of the plans, provided, however, that the time periods set forth in § 15.2-2222.1 shall apply to plats triggering the applicability of said section. The Virginia Department of Transportation and authorities authorized by Chapter 51 (§ 15.2-5100 et seq.) shall allow use of public rights-of-way dedicated for public street purposes for placement of utilities by permit when practical and shall not unreasonably deny plan approval. If a state agency or public authority by state law does not approve the plan, it shall comply with the requirements, and be subject to the restrictions, set forth in subsection A of § 15.2-2259, with respect to the exception of the time period therein specified. Upon receipt of the approvals from all state agencies, the designated agent shall act upon a preliminary subdivision plat within 35 days.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A"}},"ancestry":[{"id":14154,"edition_id":1,"name":"Land Subdivision and Development","identifier":"6","label":"article","depth":4,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12774,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:47:04","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:47:04","permalink":{"id":155023,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":14154,"identifier":"6","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/6","url":"\/15.2\/II\/22\/6\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12774,"edition_id":1,"name":"Planning, Subdivision of Land and Zoning","identifier":"22","label":"chapter","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12733,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:52","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:52","permalink":{"id":154795,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12774,"identifier":"22","token":"15.2\/II\/22","url":"\/15.2\/II\/22\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12733,"edition_id":1,"name":"Powers of Local Government","identifier":"II","label":"subtitle","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12720,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:50","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:50","permalink":{"id":152369,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12733,"identifier":"II","token":"15.2\/II","url":"\/15.2\/II\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12720,"edition_id":1,"name":"Counties, Cities and Towns","identifier":"15.2","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:49","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:49","permalink":{"id":151279,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12720,"identifier":"15.2","token":"15.2","url":"\/15.2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":83925,"structure_id":14154,"section_number":"15.2-2240","catch_line":"Localities to adopt ordinances regulating subdivision and development of land","url":"\/15.2-2240\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/6\/15.2-2240","metadata":false},{"id":81439,"structure_id":14154,"section_number":"15.2-2241","catch_line":"Mandatory provisions of a subdivision ordinance","url":"\/15.2-2241\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/6\/15.2-2241","metadata":false},{"id":69877,"structure_id":14154,"section_number":"15.2-2241.1","catch_line":"Bonding requirements for the acceptance of dedication for public use of certain facilities","url":"\/15.2-2241.1\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/6\/15.2-2241.1","metadata":false},{"id":62783,"structure_id":14154,"section_number":"15.2-2241.2","catch_line":"Bonding provisions for decommissioning of solar energy equipment, facilities, or devices","url":"\/15.2-2241.2\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/6\/15.2-2241.2","metadata":false},{"id":55314,"structure_id":14154,"section_number":"15.2-2242","catch_line":"Optional provisions of a subdivision ordinance","url":"\/15.2-2242\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/6\/15.2-2242","metadata":false},{"id":74283,"structure_id":14154,"section_number":"15.2-2243","catch_line":"Payment by subdivider of the pro rata share of the cost of certain facilities","url":"\/15.2-2243\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/6\/15.2-2243","metadata":false},{"id":69771,"structure_id":14154,"section_number":"15.2-2243.1","catch_line":"Payment by developer or subdivider","url":"\/15.2-2243.1\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/6\/15.2-2243.1","metadata":false},{"id":79464,"structure_id":14154,"section_number":"15.2-2244","catch_line":"Provisions for subdivision of a lot for conveyance to a family member","url":"\/15.2-2244\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/6\/15.2-2244","metadata":false},{"id":81830,"structure_id":14154,"section_number":"15.2-2244.1","catch_line":"Additional method for subdivision of a lot for conveyance to a family member","url":"\/15.2-2244.1\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/6\/15.2-2244.1","metadata":false},{"id":73711,"structure_id":14154,"section_number":"15.2-2244.2","catch_line":"Subdivision of a lot of property held in trust for a family member","url":"\/15.2-2244.2\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/6\/15.2-2244.2","metadata":false},{"id":61355,"structure_id":14154,"section_number":"15.2-2245","catch_line":"Provisions for periodic partial and final release of certain performance guarantees","url":"\/15.2-2245\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/6\/15.2-2245","metadata":false},{"id":60263,"structure_id":14154,"section_number":"15.2-2245.1","catch_line":"Stormwater management ponds; removal of trees","url":"\/15.2-2245.1\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/6\/15.2-2245.1","metadata":false},{"id":84876,"structure_id":14154,"section_number":"15.2-2246","catch_line":"Site plans submitted in accordance with zoning ordinance","url":"\/15.2-2246\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/6\/15.2-2246","metadata":false},{"id":66691,"structure_id":14154,"section_number":"15.2-2247","catch_line":"Applicability of subdivision ordinance to manufactured homes","url":"\/15.2-2247\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/6\/15.2-2247","metadata":false},{"id":81106,"structure_id":14154,"section_number":"15.2-2248","catch_line":"Application of certain municipal subdivision regulations beyond corporate limits of municipality","url":"\/15.2-2248\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/6\/15.2-2248","metadata":false},{"id":73098,"structure_id":14154,"section_number":"15.2-2249","catch_line":"Application of county subdivision regulations in area subject to municipal jurisdiction","url":"\/15.2-2249\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/6\/15.2-2249","metadata":false},{"id":74890,"structure_id":14154,"section_number":"15.2-2250","catch_line":"Disagreement between county and municipality as to regulations","url":"\/15.2-2250\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/6\/15.2-2250","metadata":false},{"id":61768,"structure_id":14154,"section_number":"15.2-2251","catch_line":"Local planning commission shall prepare and recommend ordinance; notice and hearing on ordinance","url":"\/15.2-2251\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/6\/15.2-2251","metadata":false},{"id":81391,"structure_id":14154,"section_number":"15.2-2252","catch_line":"Filing and recording of ordinance and amendments thereto","url":"\/15.2-2252\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/6\/15.2-2252","metadata":false},{"id":56433,"structure_id":14154,"section_number":"15.2-2253","catch_line":"Preparation and adoption of amendments to ordinance","url":"\/15.2-2253\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/6\/15.2-2253","metadata":false},{"id":71129,"structure_id":14154,"section_number":"15.2-2254","catch_line":"Statutory provisions effective after ordinance adopted","url":"\/15.2-2254\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/6\/15.2-2254","metadata":false},{"id":87454,"structure_id":14154,"section_number":"15.2-2255","catch_line":"Administration and enforcement of regulations","url":"\/15.2-2255\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/6\/15.2-2255","metadata":false},{"id":82493,"structure_id":14154,"section_number":"15.2-2256","catch_line":"Procedure to account for fees for common improvements","url":"\/15.2-2256\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/6\/15.2-2256","metadata":false},{"id":63483,"structure_id":14154,"section_number":"15.2-2257","catch_line":"Procedure to modify certain covenants in Shenandoah County","url":"\/15.2-2257\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/6\/15.2-2257","metadata":false},{"id":76956,"structure_id":14154,"section_number":"15.2-2258","catch_line":"Plat of proposed subdivision and site plans to be submitted for approval","url":"\/15.2-2258\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/6\/15.2-2258","metadata":false},{"id":57717,"structure_id":14154,"section_number":"15.2-2259","catch_line":"Designated agent to act on proposed final plat","url":"\/15.2-2259\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/6\/15.2-2259","metadata":false},{"id":66152,"structure_id":14154,"section_number":"15.2-2260","catch_line":"Localities may provide for submission of preliminary subdivision plats; how long valid","url":"\/15.2-2260\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/6\/15.2-2260","metadata":false},{"id":87205,"structure_id":14154,"section_number":"15.2-2261","catch_line":"Recorded plats or final site plans to be valid for not less than five years","url":"\/15.2-2261\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/6\/15.2-2261","metadata":false},{"id":70475,"structure_id":14154,"section_number":"15.2-2261.1","catch_line":"Recorded plat or final site plans; conflicting zoning conditions","url":"\/15.2-2261.1\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/6\/15.2-2261.1","metadata":false},{"id":62994,"structure_id":14154,"section_number":"15.2-2262","catch_line":"Requisites of plat","url":"\/15.2-2262\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/6\/15.2-2262","metadata":false},{"id":62496,"structure_id":14154,"section_number":"15.2-2263","catch_line":"Expedited land development review procedure","url":"\/15.2-2263\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/6\/15.2-2263","metadata":false},{"id":59776,"structure_id":14154,"section_number":"15.2-2264","catch_line":"Statement of consent to subdivision; execution; acknowledgment and recordation; notice to commissioner of the revenue or board of real estate assessors","url":"\/15.2-2264\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/6\/15.2-2264","metadata":false},{"id":62030,"structure_id":14154,"section_number":"15.2-2265","catch_line":"Recordation of approved plat as transfer of streets, termination of easements and rights-of-way, etc","url":"\/15.2-2265\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/6\/15.2-2265","metadata":false},{"id":76484,"structure_id":14154,"section_number":"15.2-2266","catch_line":"Validation of certain plats recorded before January 1, 1975","url":"\/15.2-2266\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/6\/15.2-2266","metadata":false},{"id":60990,"structure_id":14154,"section_number":"15.2-2267","catch_line":"Petition to restrict access to certain public streets","url":"\/15.2-2267\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/6\/15.2-2267","metadata":false},{"id":75430,"structure_id":14154,"section_number":"15.2-2268","catch_line":"Localities not obligated to pay for grading, paving, etc","url":"\/15.2-2268\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/6\/15.2-2268","metadata":false},{"id":63270,"structure_id":14154,"section_number":"15.2-2269","catch_line":"Plans and specifications for utility fixtures and systems to be submitted for approval","url":"\/15.2-2269\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/6\/15.2-2269","metadata":false},{"id":69505,"structure_id":14154,"section_number":"15.2-2270","catch_line":"Vacation of interests granted to a locality as a condition of site plan approval","url":"\/15.2-2270\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/6\/15.2-2270","metadata":false},{"id":60575,"structure_id":14154,"section_number":"15.2-2271","catch_line":"Vacation of plat before sale of lot therein; ordinance of vacation","url":"\/15.2-2271\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/6\/15.2-2271","metadata":false},{"id":74652,"structure_id":14154,"section_number":"15.2-2272","catch_line":"Vacation of plat after sale of lot","url":"\/15.2-2272\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/6\/15.2-2272","metadata":false},{"id":78526,"structure_id":14154,"section_number":"15.2-2273","catch_line":"Fee for processing application under \u00a7 15.2-2271 or \u00a7 15.2-2272","url":"\/15.2-2273\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/6\/15.2-2273","metadata":false},{"id":63615,"structure_id":14154,"section_number":"15.2-2274","catch_line":"Effect of vacation under \u00a7 15.2-2272","url":"\/15.2-2274\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/6\/15.2-2274","metadata":false},{"id":76597,"structure_id":14154,"section_number":"15.2-2275","catch_line":"Relocation or vacation of boundary lines","url":"\/15.2-2275\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/6\/15.2-2275","metadata":false},{"id":71806,"structure_id":14154,"section_number":"15.2-2276","catch_line":"Duty of clerk when plat vacated","url":"\/15.2-2276\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/6\/15.2-2276","metadata":false},{"id":87419,"structure_id":14154,"section_number":"15.2-2277","catch_line":"Franklin County may require that notice be given to deed grantees of certain disclaimers regarding responsibility for roads; county eligible to have certain streets taken into secondary system","url":"\/15.2-2277\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/6\/15.2-2277","metadata":false},{"id":67221,"structure_id":14154,"section_number":"15.2-2278","catch_line":"Vacating plat of subdivision","url":"\/15.2-2278\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/6\/15.2-2278","metadata":false},{"id":77000,"structure_id":14154,"section_number":"15.2-2279","catch_line":"Ordinances regulating the building of houses and establishing setback lines","url":"\/15.2-2279\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/6\/15.2-2279","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":75430,"structure_id":14154,"section_number":"15.2-2268","catch_line":"Localities not obligated to pay for grading, paving, etc","url":"\/15.2-2268\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/6\/15.2-2268","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":69505,"structure_id":14154,"section_number":"15.2-2270","catch_line":"Vacation of interests granted to a locality as a condition of site plan approval","url":"\/15.2-2270\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/6\/15.2-2270","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/15.2-2269\/","history_text":"

The record of this law\u2019s original creation isn\u2019t available online. It has been modified 4 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 1962, chapter 407; in 2007, chapter 202<\/a>; in 2008, chapter 718<\/a>; in 2025, chapter 594<\/a>.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":[{"id":76310,"section_number":"15.2-2222.1","catch_line":"Coordination of state and local transportation planning","order_by":null,"url":"\/15.2-2222.1\/"},{"id":81106,"section_number":"15.2-2248","catch_line":"Application of certain municipal subdivision regulations beyond corporate limits of municipality","order_by":null,"url":"\/15.2-2248\/"},{"id":57717,"section_number":"15.2-2259","catch_line":"Designated agent to act on proposed final plat","order_by":null,"url":"\/15.2-2259\/"},{"id":54398,"section_number":"15.2-5100","catch_line":"Title of chapter","order_by":null,"url":"\/15.2-5100\/"}],"permalink":{"id":155169,"object_type":"law","relational_id":63270,"identifier":"15.2-2269","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/6\/15.2-2269","url":"\/15.2-2269\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/15.2-2269\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/6\/15.2-2269","dublin_core":{"Title":"Plans and specifications for utility fixtures and systems to be submitted for approval","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 15.2-2269","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A.<\/span> If the owners of any such subdivision desire to construct in, on, under, or adjacent to any streets<\/span> or alleys located in such subdivision any gas, water, sewer or electric light or power works, pipes, wires, fixtures or systems, they shall present plans or specifications therefor to the designated agent<\/span>, for approval. If the subdivision is located beyond the corporate limits of a municipality but within the limits set forth in § 15.2-2248<\/a>, such plans and specifications shall be presented for approval to the designated agent<\/span>, if the county<\/span> has not adopted a subdivision ordinance<\/span>. The designated agent<\/span>, shall have 45 days in which to approve or disapprove the same. In event of the failure of any designated agent<\/span>, to act within such period, such plans and specifications may be submitted, after ten days’ notice to the locality<\/span>, to the circuit<\/span> court<\/span> for such locality<\/span> for its approval or disapproval, and its approval thereof shall, for all purposes of this article be treated and considered as approval by the designated agent<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> Any state agency or public authority authorized by state law<\/span> making a review of any plat forwarded to it under this article, including, without limitation, the Virginia Department of Transportation and authorities authorized by Chapter 51 (§ 15.2-5100<\/a> et seq.), shall complete its review within 45 days of receipt of the plans, provided, however, that the time periods set forth in § 15.2-2222.1<\/a> shall apply to plats<\/span> triggering the applicability of said section. The Virginia Department of Transportation and authorities authorized by Chapter 51 (§ 15.2-5100<\/a> et seq.) shall allow use of public rights-of-way dedicated for public street<\/span> purposes for placement of utilities by permit when practical and shall not unreasonably deny plan approval. If a state agency or public authority by state law<\/span> does not approve the plan, it shall comply with the requirements, and be subject to the restrictions, set forth in subsection A of § 15.2-2259<\/a>, with respect to the exception of the time period therein specified. Upon receipt of the approvals from all state agencies, the designated agent<\/span> shall act upon a preliminary subdivision plat<\/span> within 35 days. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nPLANS AND SPECIFICATIONS FOR UTILITY FIXTURES AND SYSTEMS TO BE SUBMITTED FOR\nAPPROVAL (\u00a7 15.2-2269)\n\nA. If the owners of any such subdivision desire to construct in, on, under, or\nadjacent to any streets or alleys located in such subdivision any gas, water,\nsewer or electric light or power works, pipes, wires, fixtures or systems, they\nshall present plans or specifications therefor to the designated agent, for\napproval. If the subdivision is located beyond the corporate limits of a\nmunicipality but within the limits set forth in § 15.2-2248, such plans and\nspecifications shall be presented for approval to the designated agent, if the\ncounty has not adopted a subdivision ordinance. The designated agent, shall have\n45 days in which to approve or disapprove the same. In event of the failure of\nany designated agent, to act within such period, such plans and specifications\nmay be submitted, after ten days’ notice to the locality, to the circuit\ncourt for such locality for its approval or disapproval, and its approval\nthereof shall, for all purposes of this article be treated and considered as\napproval by the designated agent.\n\nB. Any state agency or public authority authorized by state law making a review\nof any plat forwarded to it under this article, including, without limitation,\nthe Virginia Department of Transportation and authorities authorized by Chapter\n51 (§ 15.2-5100 et seq.), shall complete its review within 45 days of\nreceipt of the plans, provided, however, that the time periods set forth in\n§ 15.2-2222.1 shall apply to plats triggering the applicability of said\nsection. The Virginia Department of Transportation and authorities authorized by\nChapter 51 (§ 15.2-5100 et seq.) shall allow use of public rights-of-way\ndedicated for public street purposes for placement of utilities by permit when\npractical and shall not unreasonably deny plan approval. If a state agency or\npublic authority by state law does not approve the plan, it shall comply with\nthe requirements, and be subject to the restrictions, set forth in subsection A\nof § 15.2-2259, with respect to the exception of the time period therein\nspecified. Upon receipt of the approvals from all state agencies, the designated\nagent shall act upon a preliminary subdivision plat within 35 days.\n\nHISTORY: Code 1950, \u00a7 15-967.15; 1962, c. 407, \u00a7 15.1-480; 1997, c.; 2007, c.\n202; 2008, c. 718; 2025, c. 594.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}