{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/15.2-2293.1.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/15.2-2293.1.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/15.2-2293.1.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/15.2-2293.1.html"}],"law_id":76481,"edition_id":1,"section_id":76481,"structure_id":12775,"section_number":"15.2-2293.1","catch_line":"Placement of amateur radio antennas","history":"1998, c. 642.","full_text":"Any ordinance involving the placement, screening or height of antennas shall reasonably accommodate amateur radio antennas and shall impose the minimum regulation necessary to accomplish the locality&#8217;s legitimate purpose. In localities having a population density of 120 persons or less per square mile according to the 1990 United States census, no local ordinance shall (i) restrict amateur radio antenna height to less than 200 feet above ground level as permitted by the Federal Communications Commission or (ii) restrict the number of support structures. In localities having a population density of more than 120 persons per square mile according to the 1990 United States census, no local ordinance shall (i) restrict amateur radio antenna height to less than 75 feet above ground level or (ii) restrict the number of support structures. Reasonable and customary engineering practices shall be followed in the erection of amateur radio antennas. This section shall not preclude any locality, by ordinance, from regulating amateur radio antennas with regard to reasonable requirements relating to the use of screening, setback, placement, and health and safety requirements.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":274538,"text":"Any ordinance involving the placement, screening or height of antennas shall reasonably accommodate amateur radio antennas and shall impose the minimum regulation necessary to accomplish the locality&#8217;s legitimate purpose. In localities having a population density of 120 persons or less per square mile according to the 1990 United States census, no local ordinance shall (i) restrict amateur radio antenna height to less than 200 feet above ground level as permitted by the Federal Communications Commission or (ii) restrict the number of support structures. In localities having a population density of more than 120 persons per square mile according to the 1990 United States census, no local ordinance shall (i) restrict amateur radio antenna height to less than 75 feet above ground level or (ii) restrict the number of support structures. Reasonable and customary engineering practices shall be followed in the erection of amateur radio antennas. This section shall not preclude any locality, by ordinance, from regulating amateur radio antennas with regard to reasonable requirements relating to the use of screening, setback, placement, and health and safety requirements.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1}},"ancestry":[{"id":12775,"edition_id":1,"name":"Zoning","identifier":"7","label":"article","depth":4,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12774,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:52","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:52","permalink":{"id":155213,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12775,"identifier":"7","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/7","url":"\/15.2\/II\/22\/7\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12774,"edition_id":1,"name":"Planning, Subdivision of Land and Zoning","identifier":"22","label":"chapter","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12733,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:52","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:52","permalink":{"id":154795,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12774,"identifier":"22","token":"15.2\/II\/22","url":"\/15.2\/II\/22\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12733,"edition_id":1,"name":"Powers of Local Government","identifier":"II","label":"subtitle","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12720,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:50","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:50","permalink":{"id":152369,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12733,"identifier":"II","token":"15.2\/II","url":"\/15.2\/II\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12720,"edition_id":1,"name":"Counties, Cities and Towns","identifier":"15.2","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:49","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:49","permalink":{"id":151279,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12720,"identifier":"15.2","token":"15.2","url":"\/15.2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":56618,"structure_id":12775,"section_number":"15.2-2280","catch_line":"Zoning ordinances generally","url":"\/15.2-2280\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/7\/15.2-2280","metadata":false},{"id":56632,"structure_id":12775,"section_number":"15.2-2281","catch_line":"Jurisdiction of localities","url":"\/15.2-2281\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/7\/15.2-2281","metadata":false},{"id":72266,"structure_id":12775,"section_number":"15.2-2282","catch_line":"Regulations to be uniform","url":"\/15.2-2282\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/7\/15.2-2282","metadata":false},{"id":73825,"structure_id":12775,"section_number":"15.2-2283","catch_line":"Purpose of zoning ordinances","url":"\/15.2-2283\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/7\/15.2-2283","metadata":false},{"id":70348,"structure_id":12775,"section_number":"15.2-2283.1","catch_line":"Prohibition of sexual offender treatment office in residentially zoned subdivision","url":"\/15.2-2283.1\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/7\/15.2-2283.1","metadata":false},{"id":55641,"structure_id":12775,"section_number":"15.2-2284","catch_line":"Matters to be considered in drawing and applying zoning ordinances and districts","url":"\/15.2-2284\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/7\/15.2-2284","metadata":false},{"id":62867,"structure_id":12775,"section_number":"15.2-2285","catch_line":"Preparation and adoption of zoning ordinance and map and amendments thereto; appeal","url":"\/15.2-2285\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/7\/15.2-2285","metadata":false},{"id":67238,"structure_id":12775,"section_number":"15.2-2286","catch_line":"Permitted provisions in zoning ordinances; amendments; applicant to pay delinquent taxes; penalties","url":"\/15.2-2286\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/7\/15.2-2286","metadata":false},{"id":74667,"structure_id":12775,"section_number":"15.2-2286.1","catch_line":"Provisions for clustering of single-family dwellings so as to preserve open space","url":"\/15.2-2286.1\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/7\/15.2-2286.1","metadata":false},{"id":86307,"structure_id":12775,"section_number":"15.2-2287","catch_line":"Localities may require oath regarding property interest of local officials","url":"\/15.2-2287\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/7\/15.2-2287","metadata":false},{"id":69029,"structure_id":12775,"section_number":"15.2-2287.1","catch_line":"Disclosures in land use proceedings","url":"\/15.2-2287.1\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/7\/15.2-2287.1","metadata":false},{"id":82837,"structure_id":12775,"section_number":"15.2-2288","catch_line":"Localities may not require a special use permit for certain agricultural activities","url":"\/15.2-2288\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/7\/15.2-2288","metadata":false},{"id":62984,"structure_id":12775,"section_number":"15.2-2288.01","catch_line":"Localities shall not require a special use permit for certain small-scale conversion of biomass to alternative fuel","url":"\/15.2-2288.01\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/7\/15.2-2288.01","metadata":false},{"id":63232,"structure_id":12775,"section_number":"15.2-2288.1","catch_line":"Localities may not require a special use permit for certain residential uses","url":"\/15.2-2288.1\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/7\/15.2-2288.1","metadata":false},{"id":54122,"structure_id":12775,"section_number":"15.2-2288.2","catch_line":"Localities may not require special use permit for certain temporary structures","url":"\/15.2-2288.2\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/7\/15.2-2288.2","metadata":false},{"id":81470,"structure_id":12775,"section_number":"15.2-2288.3","catch_line":"Licensed farm wineries; local regulation of certain activities","url":"\/15.2-2288.3\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/7\/15.2-2288.3","metadata":false},{"id":72741,"structure_id":12775,"section_number":"15.2-2288.3:1","catch_line":"Limited brewery license; local regulation of certain activities","url":"\/15.2-2288.3_1\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/7\/15.2-2288.3_1","metadata":false},{"id":58524,"structure_id":12775,"section_number":"15.2-2288.3:2","catch_line":"Limited distiller's license; local regulation of certain activities","url":"\/15.2-2288.3_2\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/7\/15.2-2288.3_2","metadata":false},{"id":85431,"structure_id":12775,"section_number":"15.2-2288.4","catch_line":"Extension of expiration dates for special use permits","url":"\/15.2-2288.4\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/7\/15.2-2288.4","metadata":false},{"id":76639,"structure_id":12775,"section_number":"15.2-2288.5","catch_line":"Meaning of \"cemetery\" for purposes of zoning","url":"\/15.2-2288.5\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/7\/15.2-2288.5","metadata":false},{"id":75049,"structure_id":12775,"section_number":"15.2-2288.6","catch_line":"Agricultural operations; local regulation of certain activities","url":"\/15.2-2288.6\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/7\/15.2-2288.6","metadata":false},{"id":63216,"structure_id":12775,"section_number":"15.2-2288.7","catch_line":"Local regulation of solar facilities","url":"\/15.2-2288.7\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/7\/15.2-2288.7","metadata":false},{"id":82084,"structure_id":12775,"section_number":"15.2-2288.8","catch_line":"Special exceptions for solar photovoltaic projects","url":"\/15.2-2288.8\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/7\/15.2-2288.8","metadata":false},{"id":73117,"structure_id":12775,"section_number":"15.2-2289","catch_line":"Localities may provide by ordinance for disclosure of real parties in interest","url":"\/15.2-2289\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/7\/15.2-2289","metadata":false},{"id":66254,"structure_id":12775,"section_number":"15.2-2290","catch_line":"Uniform regulations for manufactured housing","url":"\/15.2-2290\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/7\/15.2-2290","metadata":false},{"id":61177,"structure_id":12775,"section_number":"15.2-2291","catch_line":"Assisted living facilities and group homes of eight or fewer; single-family residence","url":"\/15.2-2291\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/7\/15.2-2291","metadata":false},{"id":66725,"structure_id":12775,"section_number":"15.2-2292","catch_line":"Zoning provisions for family day homes","url":"\/15.2-2292\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/7\/15.2-2292","metadata":false},{"id":55400,"structure_id":12775,"section_number":"15.2-2292.1","catch_line":"Zoning provisions for temporary family health care structures","url":"\/15.2-2292.1\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/7\/15.2-2292.1","metadata":false},{"id":73924,"structure_id":12775,"section_number":"15.2-2292.2","catch_line":"Waiver of zoning permit requirements; child day programs","url":"\/15.2-2292.2\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/7\/15.2-2292.2","metadata":false},{"id":82111,"structure_id":12775,"section_number":"15.2-2293","catch_line":"Airspace subject to zoning ordinances","url":"\/15.2-2293\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/7\/15.2-2293","metadata":false},{"id":76481,"structure_id":12775,"section_number":"15.2-2293.1","catch_line":"Placement of amateur radio antennas","url":"\/15.2-2293.1\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/7\/15.2-2293.1","metadata":false},{"id":85079,"structure_id":12775,"section_number":"15.2-2293.2","catch_line":"Regulation of helicopter use","url":"\/15.2-2293.2\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/7\/15.2-2293.2","metadata":false},{"id":82226,"structure_id":12775,"section_number":"15.2-2294","catch_line":"Airport safety zoning","url":"\/15.2-2294\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/7\/15.2-2294","metadata":false},{"id":64988,"structure_id":12775,"section_number":"15.2-2295","catch_line":"Aircraft noise attenuation features in buildings and structures within airport noise zones","url":"\/15.2-2295\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/7\/15.2-2295","metadata":false},{"id":63677,"structure_id":12775,"section_number":"15.2-2295.1","catch_line":"Regulation of mountain ridge construction","url":"\/15.2-2295.1\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/7\/15.2-2295.1","metadata":false},{"id":84804,"structure_id":12775,"section_number":"15.2-2295.2","catch_line":"Dam break inundation zones","url":"\/15.2-2295.2\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/7\/15.2-2295.2","metadata":false},{"id":75685,"structure_id":12775,"section_number":"15.2-2296","catch_line":"Conditional zoning; declaration of legislative policy and findings; purpose","url":"\/15.2-2296\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/7\/15.2-2296","metadata":false},{"id":75113,"structure_id":12775,"section_number":"15.2-2297","catch_line":"Same; conditions as part of a rezoning or amendment to zoning map","url":"\/15.2-2297\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/7\/15.2-2297","metadata":false},{"id":63949,"structure_id":12775,"section_number":"15.2-2298","catch_line":"Same; additional conditions as a part of rezoning or zoning map amendment in certain high-growth localities","url":"\/15.2-2298\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/7\/15.2-2298","metadata":false},{"id":68680,"structure_id":12775,"section_number":"15.2-2299","catch_line":"Same; enforcement and guarantees","url":"\/15.2-2299\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/7\/15.2-2299","metadata":false},{"id":80500,"structure_id":12775,"section_number":"15.2-2300","catch_line":"Same; records","url":"\/15.2-2300\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/7\/15.2-2300","metadata":false},{"id":60233,"structure_id":12775,"section_number":"15.2-2301","catch_line":"Same; petition for review of decision","url":"\/15.2-2301\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/7\/15.2-2301","metadata":false},{"id":74154,"structure_id":12775,"section_number":"15.2-2302","catch_line":"Same; amendments and variations of conditions","url":"\/15.2-2302\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/7\/15.2-2302","metadata":false},{"id":71508,"structure_id":12775,"section_number":"15.2-2303","catch_line":"Conditional zoning in certain localities","url":"\/15.2-2303\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/7\/15.2-2303","metadata":false},{"id":64570,"structure_id":12775,"section_number":"15.2-2303.1","catch_line":"Development agreements in certain counties","url":"\/15.2-2303.1\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/7\/15.2-2303.1","metadata":false},{"id":69744,"structure_id":12775,"section_number":"15.2-2303.1:1","catch_line":"When certain cash proffers collected or accepted","url":"\/15.2-2303.1_1\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/7\/15.2-2303.1_1","metadata":false},{"id":72559,"structure_id":12775,"section_number":"15.2-2303.2","catch_line":"Proffered cash payments and expenditures","url":"\/15.2-2303.2\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/7\/15.2-2303.2","metadata":false},{"id":67823,"structure_id":12775,"section_number":"15.2-2303.3","catch_line":"Cash proffers requested or accepted by a locality","url":"\/15.2-2303.3\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/7\/15.2-2303.3","metadata":false},{"id":78647,"structure_id":12775,"section_number":"15.2-2303.4","catch_line":"Provisions applicable to certain conditional rezoning proffers","url":"\/15.2-2303.4\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/7\/15.2-2303.4","metadata":false},{"id":63382,"structure_id":12775,"section_number":"15.2-2304","catch_line":"Affordable dwelling unit ordinances in certain localities","url":"\/15.2-2304\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/7\/15.2-2304","metadata":false},{"id":66597,"structure_id":12775,"section_number":"15.2-2305","catch_line":"Affordable dwelling unit ordinances","url":"\/15.2-2305\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/7\/15.2-2305","metadata":false},{"id":70161,"structure_id":12775,"section_number":"15.2-2305.1","catch_line":"Affordable housing dwelling unit ordinances","url":"\/15.2-2305.1\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/7\/15.2-2305.1","metadata":false},{"id":73526,"structure_id":12775,"section_number":"15.2-2306","catch_line":"Preservation of historical sites and architectural areas; civil penalty","url":"\/15.2-2306\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/7\/15.2-2306","metadata":false},{"id":83924,"structure_id":12775,"section_number":"15.2-2306.1","catch_line":"Creation of working waterfront development areas","url":"\/15.2-2306.1\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/7\/15.2-2306.1","metadata":false},{"id":56409,"structure_id":12775,"section_number":"15.2-2307","catch_line":"Vested rights not impaired; nonconforming uses","url":"\/15.2-2307\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/7\/15.2-2307","metadata":false},{"id":53959,"structure_id":12775,"section_number":"15.2-2307.1","catch_line":"Protection of established commercial fishing operations","url":"\/15.2-2307.1\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/7\/15.2-2307.1","metadata":false},{"id":60439,"structure_id":12775,"section_number":"15.2-2308","catch_line":"Boards of zoning appeals to be created; membership, organization, etc","url":"\/15.2-2308\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/7\/15.2-2308","metadata":false},{"id":60938,"structure_id":12775,"section_number":"15.2-2308.1","catch_line":"Boards of zoning appeals, ex parte communications, proceedings","url":"\/15.2-2308.1\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/7\/15.2-2308.1","metadata":false},{"id":55804,"structure_id":12775,"section_number":"15.2-2309","catch_line":"Powers and duties of boards of zoning appeals","url":"\/15.2-2309\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/7\/15.2-2309","metadata":false},{"id":80144,"structure_id":12775,"section_number":"15.2-2310","catch_line":"Applications for special exceptions and variances","url":"\/15.2-2310\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/7\/15.2-2310","metadata":false},{"id":68867,"structure_id":12775,"section_number":"15.2-2311","catch_line":"Appeals to board","url":"\/15.2-2311\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/7\/15.2-2311","metadata":false},{"id":82504,"structure_id":12775,"section_number":"15.2-2312","catch_line":"Procedure on appeal","url":"\/15.2-2312\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/7\/15.2-2312","metadata":false},{"id":61459,"structure_id":12775,"section_number":"15.2-2313","catch_line":"Proceedings to prevent construction of building in violation of zoning ordinance","url":"\/15.2-2313\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/7\/15.2-2313","metadata":false},{"id":64121,"structure_id":12775,"section_number":"15.2-2314","catch_line":"Certiorari to review decision of board","url":"\/15.2-2314\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/7\/15.2-2314","metadata":false},{"id":82707,"structure_id":12775,"section_number":"15.2-2315","catch_line":"Conflict with statutes, local ordinances or regulations","url":"\/15.2-2315\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/7\/15.2-2315","metadata":false},{"id":67900,"structure_id":12775,"section_number":"15.2-2316","catch_line":"Validation of zoning ordinances prior to 1971","url":"\/15.2-2316\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/7\/15.2-2316","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":82111,"structure_id":12775,"section_number":"15.2-2293","catch_line":"Airspace subject to zoning ordinances","url":"\/15.2-2293\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/7\/15.2-2293","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":85079,"structure_id":12775,"section_number":"15.2-2293.2","catch_line":"Regulation of helicopter use","url":"\/15.2-2293.2\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/7\/15.2-2293.2","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/15.2-2293.1\/","history_text":"<p>This law was first created in 1998. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?981+ful+CHAP0642\">642<\/a> of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":155335,"object_type":"law","relational_id":76481,"identifier":"15.2-2293.1","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/7\/15.2-2293.1","url":"\/15.2-2293.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/15.2-2293.1\/","token":"15.2\/II\/22\/7\/15.2-2293.1","dublin_core":{"Title":"Placement of amateur radio antennas","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 15.2-2293.1","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section><p>Any <span class=\"dictionary\">ordinance<\/span> involving the placement, screening or height of antennas shall reasonably accommodate amateur radio antennas and shall impose the minimum regulation necessary to accomplish the <span class=\"dictionary\">locality<\/span>&#8217;s legitimate purpose. In localities having a population density of 120 persons or less per square mile according to the 1990 United States census, no local <span class=\"dictionary\">ordinance<\/span> shall (i) restrict amateur radio antenna height to less than 200 feet above ground level as permitted by the Federal Communications Commission or (ii) restrict the number of support structures. In localities having a population density of more than 120 persons per square mile according to the 1990 United States census, no local <span class=\"dictionary\">ordinance<\/span> shall (i) restrict amateur radio antenna height to less than 75 feet above ground level or (ii) restrict the number of support structures. Reasonable and customary engineering practices shall be followed in the erection of amateur radio antennas. This section shall not preclude any <span class=\"dictionary\">locality<\/span>, by <span class=\"dictionary\">ordinance<\/span>, from regulating amateur radio antennas with regard to reasonable requirements relating to the use of screening, setback, placement, and health and safety requirements.<\/p><\/section>","plain_text":"                                 CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nPLACEMENT OF AMATEUR RADIO ANTENNAS (\u00a7 15.2-2293.1)\n\nAny ordinance involving the placement, screening or height of antennas shall\nreasonably accommodate amateur radio antennas and shall impose the minimum\nregulation necessary to accomplish the locality&#8217;s legitimate purpose. In\nlocalities having a population density of 120 persons or less per square mile\naccording to the 1990 United States census, no local ordinance shall (i)\nrestrict amateur radio antenna height to less than 200 feet above ground level\nas permitted by the Federal Communications Commission or (ii) restrict the\nnumber of support structures. In localities having a population density of more\nthan 120 persons per square mile according to the 1990 United States census, no\nlocal ordinance shall (i) restrict amateur radio antenna height to less than 75\nfeet above ground level or (ii) restrict the number of support structures.\nReasonable and customary engineering practices shall be followed in the erection\nof amateur radio antennas. This section shall not preclude any locality, by\nordinance, from regulating amateur radio antennas with regard to reasonable\nrequirements relating to the use of screening, setback, placement, and health\nand safety requirements.\n\nHISTORY: 1998, c. 642.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}