{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/15.2-4314.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/15.2-4314.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/15.2-4314.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/15.2-4314.html"}],"law_id":83920,"edition_id":1,"section_id":83920,"structure_id":13499,"section_number":"15.2-4314","catch_line":"Withdrawal of land from a district; termination of a district","history":"1977, c. 681, \u00a7 15.1-1513; 1979, c. 377; 1985, c. 13; 1987, c. 552; 1997, c. 587; 2000, c. 521; 2011, cc. 344, 355.","full_text":"A\n\nAt any time after the creation of a district within any locality, any owner of land lying in such district may file with the program administrator a written request to withdraw all or part of his land from the district for good and reasonable cause. The program administrator shall refer the request to the advisory committee for its recommendation. The advisory committee shall make recommendations concerning the request to withdraw to the local planning commission, which shall hold a public hearing and make recommendations to the local governing body. Land proposed to be withdrawn may be reevaluated through the Virginia or local Land Evaluation and Site Assessment (LESA) System. The landowner seeking to withdraw land from a district, if denied favorable action by the governing body, shall have an immediate right of appeal de novo to the circuit court serving the territory wherein the district is located. This section shall in no way affect the ability of an owner to withdraw an application for a proposed district or withdraw from a district pursuant to clause (v) of subdivision 1 of &#xA7; 15.2-4307 or &#xA7; 15.2-4311.B\n\nUpon termination of a district or withdrawal or removal of any land from a district created pursuant to this chapter, land that is no longer part of a district shall be subject to and liable for roll-back taxes as are provided in &#xA7; 58.1-3237. Sale or gift of a portion of land in a district to a member of the immediate family as defined in &#xA7; 15.2-2244 shall not in and of itself constitute a withdrawal or removal of any of the land from a district.C\n\nUpon termination of a district or upon withdrawal or removal of any land from a district, land that is no longer part of a district shall be subject to those local laws and ordinances prohibited by the provisions of subsection B of &#xA7; 15.2-4312.D\n\nUpon the death of a property owner, any heir at law, devisee, surviving cotenant or personal representative of a sole owner of any fee simple interest in land lying within a district shall, as a matter of right, be entitled to withdraw such land from such district upon the inheritance or descent of such land provided that such heir at law, devisee, surviving cotenant or personal representative files written notice of withdrawal with the local governing body and the local commissioner of the revenue within two years of the date of death of the owner.E\n\nUpon termination or modification of a district, or upon withdrawal or removal of any parcel of land from a district, the local governing body shall submit a copy of the ordinance or notice of withdrawal to the local commissioner of revenue, the State Forester and the State Commissioner of Agriculture and Consumer Services for information purposes. The commissioner of revenue shall delete the identification of such parcel from the land book and the tax map, and the local governing body shall delete the identification of such parcel from the zoning map, where applicable.F\n\nThe withdrawal or removal of any parcel of land from a lawfully constituted district shall not in itself serve to terminate the existence of the district. The district shall continue in effect and be subject to review as to whether it should be terminated, modified or continued pursuant to &#xA7; 15.2-4311 of this chapter.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":300732,"text":"At any time after the creation of a district within any locality, any owner of land lying in such district may file with the program administrator a written request to withdraw all or part of his land from the district for good and reasonable cause. The program administrator shall refer the request to the advisory committee for its recommendation. The advisory committee shall make recommendations concerning the request to withdraw to the local planning commission, which shall hold a public hearing and make recommendations to the local governing body. Land proposed to be withdrawn may be reevaluated through the Virginia or local Land Evaluation and Site Assessment (LESA) System. The landowner seeking to withdraw land from a district, if denied favorable action by the governing body, shall have an immediate right of appeal de novo to the circuit court serving the territory wherein the district is located. This section shall in no way affect the ability of an owner to withdraw an application for a proposed district or withdraw from a district pursuant to clause (v) of subdivision 1 of &#xA7; 15.2-4307 or &#xA7; 15.2-4311.","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"B"},"1":{"id":300733,"text":"Upon termination of a district or withdrawal or removal of any land from a district created pursuant to this chapter, land that is no longer part of a district shall be subject to and liable for roll-back taxes as are provided in &#xA7; 58.1-3237. Sale or gift of a portion of land in a district to a member of the immediate family as defined in &#xA7; 15.2-2244 shall not in and of itself constitute a withdrawal or removal of any of the land from a district.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"C"},"2":{"id":300734,"text":"Upon termination of a district or upon withdrawal or removal of any land from a district, land that is no longer part of a district shall be subject to those local laws and ordinances prohibited by the provisions of subsection B of &#xA7; 15.2-4312.","type":"section","prefixes":["C"],"prefix":"C","entire_prefix":"C","prefix_anchor":"C","level":1,"prior_prefix":"B","next_prefix":"D"},"3":{"id":300735,"text":"Upon the death of a property owner, any heir at law, devisee, surviving cotenant or personal representative of a sole owner of any fee simple interest in land lying within a district shall, as a matter of right, be entitled to withdraw such land from such district upon the inheritance or descent of such land provided that such heir at law, devisee, surviving cotenant or personal representative files written notice of withdrawal with the local governing body and the local commissioner of the revenue within two years of the date of death of the owner.","type":"section","prefixes":["D"],"prefix":"D","entire_prefix":"D","prefix_anchor":"D","level":1,"prior_prefix":"C","next_prefix":"E"},"4":{"id":300736,"text":"Upon termination or modification of a district, or upon withdrawal or removal of any parcel of land from a district, the local governing body shall submit a copy of the ordinance or notice of withdrawal to the local commissioner of revenue, the State Forester and the State Commissioner of Agriculture and Consumer Services for information purposes. The commissioner of revenue shall delete the identification of such parcel from the land book and the tax map, and the local governing body shall delete the identification of such parcel from the zoning map, where applicable.","type":"section","prefixes":["E"],"prefix":"E","entire_prefix":"E","prefix_anchor":"E","level":1,"prior_prefix":"D","next_prefix":"F"},"5":{"id":300737,"text":"The withdrawal or removal of any parcel of land from a lawfully constituted district shall not in itself serve to terminate the existence of the district. The district shall continue in effect and be subject to review as to whether it should be terminated, modified or continued pursuant to &#xA7; 15.2-4311 of this chapter.","type":"section","prefixes":["F"],"prefix":"F","entire_prefix":"F","prefix_anchor":"F","level":1,"prior_prefix":"E"}},"ancestry":[{"id":13499,"edition_id":1,"name":"Agricultural and Forestal Districts Act","identifier":"43","label":"chapter","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12721,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:45:04","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:45:04","permalink":{"id":157997,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13499,"identifier":"43","token":"15.2\/IV\/43","url":"\/15.2\/IV\/43\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12721,"edition_id":1,"name":"Other Governmental Entities","identifier":"IV","label":"subtitle","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12720,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:49","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:49","permalink":{"id":157897,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12721,"identifier":"IV","token":"15.2\/IV","url":"\/15.2\/IV\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12720,"edition_id":1,"name":"Counties, Cities and Towns","identifier":"15.2","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:49","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:49","permalink":{"id":151279,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12720,"identifier":"15.2","token":"15.2","url":"\/15.2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":83266,"structure_id":13499,"section_number":"15.2-4300","catch_line":"Short title","url":"\/15.2-4300\/","token":"15.2\/IV\/43\/15.2-4300","metadata":false},{"id":78071,"structure_id":13499,"section_number":"15.2-4301","catch_line":"Declaration of policy findings and purpose","url":"\/15.2-4301\/","token":"15.2\/IV\/43\/15.2-4301","metadata":false},{"id":61769,"structure_id":13499,"section_number":"15.2-4302","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/15.2-4302\/","token":"15.2\/IV\/43\/15.2-4302","metadata":false},{"id":84802,"structure_id":13499,"section_number":"15.2-4303","catch_line":"Power of localities to enact ordinances; application form and fees; maps; sample form","url":"\/15.2-4303\/","token":"15.2\/IV\/43\/15.2-4303","metadata":false},{"id":67090,"structure_id":13499,"section_number":"15.2-4304","catch_line":"Agricultural and forestal districts advisory committee","url":"\/15.2-4304\/","token":"15.2\/IV\/43\/15.2-4304","metadata":false},{"id":55800,"structure_id":13499,"section_number":"15.2-4305","catch_line":"Application for creation of district in one or more localities; size and location of parcels","url":"\/15.2-4305\/","token":"15.2\/IV\/43\/15.2-4305","metadata":false},{"id":67788,"structure_id":13499,"section_number":"15.2-4306","catch_line":"Criteria for evaluating application","url":"\/15.2-4306\/","token":"15.2\/IV\/43\/15.2-4306","metadata":false},{"id":82465,"structure_id":13499,"section_number":"15.2-4307","catch_line":"Review of application; notice; hearing","url":"\/15.2-4307\/","token":"15.2\/IV\/43\/15.2-4307","metadata":false},{"id":54465,"structure_id":13499,"section_number":"15.2-4308","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/15.2-4308\/","token":"15.2\/IV\/43\/15.2-4308","metadata":false},{"id":58833,"structure_id":13499,"section_number":"15.2-4309","catch_line":"Hearing; creation of district; conditions; notice","url":"\/15.2-4309\/","token":"15.2\/IV\/43\/15.2-4309","metadata":false},{"id":56331,"structure_id":13499,"section_number":"15.2-4310","catch_line":"Additions to a district","url":"\/15.2-4310\/","token":"15.2\/IV\/43\/15.2-4310","metadata":false},{"id":78028,"structure_id":13499,"section_number":"15.2-4311","catch_line":"Review of districts","url":"\/15.2-4311\/","token":"15.2\/IV\/43\/15.2-4311","metadata":false},{"id":77285,"structure_id":13499,"section_number":"15.2-4312","catch_line":"Effects of districts","url":"\/15.2-4312\/","token":"15.2\/IV\/43\/15.2-4312","metadata":false},{"id":66279,"structure_id":13499,"section_number":"15.2-4313","catch_line":"Proposals as to land acquisition or construction within district","url":"\/15.2-4313\/","token":"15.2\/IV\/43\/15.2-4313","metadata":false},{"id":83920,"structure_id":13499,"section_number":"15.2-4314","catch_line":"Withdrawal of land from a district; termination of a district","url":"\/15.2-4314\/","token":"15.2\/IV\/43\/15.2-4314","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":66279,"structure_id":13499,"section_number":"15.2-4313","catch_line":"Proposals as to land acquisition or construction within district","url":"\/15.2-4313\/","token":"15.2\/IV\/43\/15.2-4313","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/15.2-4314\/","history_text":"<p>This law was first created in 1977. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 681 of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. Unfortunately, the 1977 \u201cActs\u201d aren\u2019t available online. It has been modified 6 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 1979, chapter 377; in 1985, chapter 13; in 1987, chapter 552; in 1997, chapter <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?971+ful+CHAP0587\">587<\/a>; in 2000, chapter <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?001+ful+CHAP0521\">521<\/a>; in 2011, chapters <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?111+ful+CHAP0344\">344<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?111+ful+CHAP0355\">355<\/a>.<\/p>","references":[{"id":69314,"section_number":"58.1-3233","catch_line":"Determinations to be made by local officers before assessment of real estate under ordinance","order_by":null,"url":"\/58.1-3233\/"}],"refers_to":[{"id":79464,"section_number":"15.2-2244","catch_line":"Provisions for subdivision of a lot for conveyance to a family member","order_by":null,"url":"\/15.2-2244\/"},{"id":82465,"section_number":"15.2-4307","catch_line":"Review of application; notice; hearing","order_by":null,"url":"\/15.2-4307\/"},{"id":78028,"section_number":"15.2-4311","catch_line":"Review of districts","order_by":null,"url":"\/15.2-4311\/"},{"id":67102,"section_number":"58.1-3237","catch_line":"Change in use or zoning of real estate assessed under ordinance; roll-back taxes","order_by":null,"url":"\/58.1-3237\/"}],"permalink":{"id":158055,"object_type":"law","relational_id":83920,"identifier":"15.2-4314","token":"15.2\/IV\/43\/15.2-4314","url":"\/15.2-4314\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/15.2-4314\/","token":"15.2\/IV\/43\/15.2-4314","dublin_core":{"Title":"Withdrawal of land from a district; termination of a district","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 15.2-4314","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"A\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">A.<\/span> At any time after the creation of a <span class=\"dictionary\">district<\/span> within any <span class=\"dictionary\">locality<\/span>, any <span class=\"dictionary\">owner of land<\/span> lying in such <span class=\"dictionary\">district<\/span> may file with the <span class=\"dictionary\">program administrator<\/span> a written request to withdraw all or part of his land from the <span class=\"dictionary\">district<\/span> for good and reasonable cause. The <span class=\"dictionary\">program administrator<\/span> shall refer the request to the <span class=\"dictionary\">advisory committee<\/span> for its recommendation. The <span class=\"dictionary\">advisory committee<\/span> shall make recommendations concerning the request to withdraw to the local planning commission, which shall hold a public <span class=\"dictionary\">hearing<\/span> and make recommendations to the local <span class=\"dictionary\">governing body<\/span>. Land proposed to be withdrawn may be reevaluated through the Virginia or local Land Evaluation and Site Assessment (LESA) System. The <span class=\"dictionary\">landowner<\/span> seeking to withdraw land from a <span class=\"dictionary\">district<\/span>, if denied favorable action by the <span class=\"dictionary\">governing body<\/span>, shall have an immediate right of <span class=\"dictionary\">appeal<\/span> <span class=\"dictionary\">de novo<\/span> to the <span class=\"dictionary\">circuit<\/span> <span class=\"dictionary\">court<\/span> serving the territory wherein the <span class=\"dictionary\">district<\/span> is located. This section shall in no way affect the ability of an owner to withdraw an <span class=\"dictionary\">application<\/span> for a proposed <span class=\"dictionary\">district<\/span> or withdraw from a <span class=\"dictionary\">district<\/span> pursuant to clause (v) of subdivision 1 of &#xA7; <a class=\"law\" title=\"Review of application; notice; hearing\" href=\"\/15.2-4307\/\">15.2-4307<\/a> or &#xA7; <a class=\"law\" title=\"Review of districts\" href=\"\/15.2-4311\/\">15.2-4311<\/a>. <a id=\"paragraph-300732\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/15.2-4314\/#A\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"B\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">B.<\/span> Upon termination of a <span class=\"dictionary\">district<\/span> or withdrawal or removal of any land from a <span class=\"dictionary\">district<\/span> created pursuant to this chapter, land that is no longer part of a <span class=\"dictionary\">district<\/span> shall be subject to and liable for roll-back taxes as are provided in &#xA7; <a class=\"law\" title=\"Change in use or zoning of real estate assessed under ordinance; roll-back taxes\" href=\"\/58.1-3237\/\">58.1-3237<\/a>. Sale or gift of a portion of land in a <span class=\"dictionary\">district<\/span> to a member of the immediate family as defined in &#xA7; <a class=\"law\" title=\"Provisions for subdivision of a lot for conveyance to a family member\" href=\"\/15.2-2244\/\">15.2-2244<\/a> shall not in and of itself constitute a withdrawal or removal of any of the land from a <span class=\"dictionary\">district<\/span>. <a id=\"paragraph-300733\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/15.2-4314\/#B\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"C\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">C.<\/span> Upon termination of a <span class=\"dictionary\">district<\/span> or upon withdrawal or removal of any land from a <span class=\"dictionary\">district<\/span>, land that is no longer part of a <span class=\"dictionary\">district<\/span> shall be subject to those local <span class=\"dictionary\">laws<\/span> and <span class=\"dictionary\">ordinances<\/span> prohibited by the provisions of subsection B of &#xA7; <a class=\"law\" title=\"Effects of districts\" href=\"\/15.2-4312\/\">15.2-4312<\/a>. <a id=\"paragraph-300734\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/15.2-4314\/#C\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"D\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">D.<\/span> Upon the death of a property owner, any heir at <span class=\"dictionary\">law<\/span>, devisee, surviving cotenant or personal representative of a sole owner of any fee simple interest in land lying within a <span class=\"dictionary\">district<\/span> shall, as a matter of right, be entitled to withdraw such land from such <span class=\"dictionary\">district<\/span> upon the inheritance or descent of such land provided that such heir at <span class=\"dictionary\">law<\/span>, devisee, surviving cotenant or personal representative files written notice of withdrawal with the local <span class=\"dictionary\">governing body<\/span> and the local commissioner of the revenue within two years of the date of death of the owner. <a id=\"paragraph-300735\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/15.2-4314\/#D\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"E\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">E.<\/span> Upon termination or modification of a <span class=\"dictionary\">district<\/span>, or upon withdrawal or removal of any parcel of land from a <span class=\"dictionary\">district<\/span>, the local <span class=\"dictionary\">governing body<\/span> shall submit a copy of the <span class=\"dictionary\">ordinance<\/span> or notice of withdrawal to the local commissioner of revenue, the State Forester and the State Commissioner of Agriculture and Consumer Services for information purposes. The commissioner of revenue shall delete the identification of such parcel from the land book and the tax map, and the local <span class=\"dictionary\">governing body<\/span> shall delete the identification of such parcel from the zoning map, where applicable. <a id=\"paragraph-300736\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/15.2-4314\/#E\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"F\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">F.<\/span> The withdrawal or removal of any parcel of land from a lawfully constituted <span class=\"dictionary\">district<\/span> shall not in itself serve to terminate the existence of the <span class=\"dictionary\">district<\/span>. The <span class=\"dictionary\">district<\/span> shall continue in effect and be subject to review as to whether it should be terminated, modified or continued pursuant to &#xA7; <a class=\"law\" title=\"Review of districts\" href=\"\/15.2-4311\/\">15.2-4311<\/a> of this chapter. <a id=\"paragraph-300737\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/15.2-4314\/#F\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":"                                 CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nWITHDRAWAL OF LAND FROM A DISTRICT; TERMINATION OF A DISTRICT (\u00a7 15.2-4314)\n\nA. At any time after the creation of a district within any locality, any owner\nof land lying in such district may file with the program administrator a written\nrequest to withdraw all or part of his land from the district for good and\nreasonable cause. The program administrator shall refer the request to the\nadvisory committee for its recommendation. The advisory committee shall make\nrecommendations concerning the request to withdraw to the local planning\ncommission, which shall hold a public hearing and make recommendations to the\nlocal governing body. Land proposed to be withdrawn may be reevaluated through\nthe Virginia or local Land Evaluation and Site Assessment (LESA) System. The\nlandowner seeking to withdraw land from a district, if denied favorable action\nby the governing body, shall have an immediate right of appeal de novo to the\ncircuit court serving the territory wherein the district is located. This\nsection shall in no way affect the ability of an owner to withdraw an\napplication for a proposed district or withdraw from a district pursuant to\nclause (v) of subdivision 1 of &#xA7; 15.2-4307 or &#xA7; 15.2-4311.\n\nB. Upon termination of a district or withdrawal or removal of any land from a\ndistrict created pursuant to this chapter, land that is no longer part of a\ndistrict shall be subject to and liable for roll-back taxes as are provided in\n&#xA7; 58.1-3237. Sale or gift of a portion of land in a district to a member of\nthe immediate family as defined in &#xA7; 15.2-2244 shall not in and of itself\nconstitute a withdrawal or removal of any of the land from a district.\n\nC. Upon termination of a district or upon withdrawal or removal of any land from\na district, land that is no longer part of a district shall be subject to those\nlocal laws and ordinances prohibited by the provisions of subsection B of &#xA7;\n15.2-4312.\n\nD. Upon the death of a property owner, any heir at law, devisee, surviving\ncotenant or personal representative of a sole owner of any fee simple interest\nin land lying within a district shall, as a matter of right, be entitled to\nwithdraw such land from such district upon the inheritance or descent of such\nland provided that such heir at law, devisee, surviving cotenant or personal\nrepresentative files written notice of withdrawal with the local governing body\nand the local commissioner of the revenue within two years of the date of death\nof the owner.\n\nE. Upon termination or modification of a district, or upon withdrawal or removal\nof any parcel of land from a district, the local governing body shall submit a\ncopy of the ordinance or notice of withdrawal to the local commissioner of\nrevenue, the State Forester and the State Commissioner of Agriculture and\nConsumer Services for information purposes. The commissioner of revenue shall\ndelete the identification of such parcel from the land book and the tax map, and\nthe local governing body shall delete the identification of such parcel from the\nzoning map, where applicable.\n\nF. The withdrawal or removal of any parcel of land from a lawfully constituted\ndistrict shall not in itself serve to terminate the existence of the district.\nThe district shall continue in effect and be subject to review as to whether it\nshould be terminated, modified or continued pursuant to &#xA7; 15.2-4311 of this\nchapter.\n\nHISTORY: 1977, c. 681, \u00a7 15.1-1513; 1979, c. 377; 1985, c. 13; 1987, c. 552;\n1997, c. 587; 2000, c. 521; 2011, cc. 344, 355.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}