{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/15.2-928.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/15.2-928.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/15.2-928.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/15.2-928.html"}],"law_id":79148,"edition_id":1,"section_id":79148,"structure_id":13059,"section_number":"15.2-928","catch_line":"Local recycling and waste disposal; powers; penalties","history":"1991, c. 665, \u00a7 15.1-11.5:3; 1997, cc. 236, 587; 2000, c. 231; 2002, cc. 161, 690; 2003, c. 518; 2006, c. 847.","full_text":"A\n\nAny locality may (i) provide and operate, within or outside its boundaries, solid waste management facilities and appurtenances for the collection, management, recycling and disposal of solid waste, recyclable materials, and other refuse of the residents and businesses of the locality; (ii) contract with other localities to provide such services jointly; (iii) contract with others for supplying such services; (iv) contract with any locality or agency of the Commonwealth to provide such services for either entity; (v) prohibit the disposal of garbage or recyclable materials in or at any place other than that provided by the public or private sector for the purpose; (vi) charge and collect compensation for such services; (vii) regulate the times and placement of waste and waste containers set out for collection, such regulation to require notice so as to allow removal by the owner of the waste or waste containers prior to imposition of a civil penalty, provided that, in the City of Roanoke, provided the third notice required herein included an opportunity for the owner to be heard, the civil penalty may be imposed without further notice after the third notice for violation; (viii) provide penalties, including either criminal or civil penalties, for the unauthorized use of or failure to use such facilities. Prosecution of either a civil or criminal offense shall preclude prosecution of the other for the same offense; and (ix) grant incentives to encourage recycling.B\n\nAny locality may by ordinance limit the use of solid waste depositories or receptacles, owned or maintained by the locality, to the disposal of garbage and other solid waste originating from within the boundaries of such locality. Any locality adopting such an ordinance may provide penalties for its violation pursuant to subsection A.C\n\nFor the purposes of this section, recyclable materials shall be those materials identified in a plan adopted pursuant to § 10.1-1411 and regulations promulgated thereunder. Nothing in this section shall invalidate the actions of any locality taken prior to enactment of this section. Nothing in this section shall be construed as prohibiting any generator of recyclable materials from selling, conveying or arranging for transportation of such materials to a recycler for reuse or reclamation, nor preventing a recycling company or nonprofit entity from collecting and transporting recyclable materials from a buy-back center, drop box or any generator of recyclable materials.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":283450,"text":"Any locality may (i) provide and operate, within or outside its boundaries, solid waste management facilities and appurtenances for the collection, management, recycling and disposal of solid waste, recyclable materials, and other refuse of the residents and businesses of the locality; (ii) contract with other localities to provide such services jointly; (iii) contract with others for supplying such services; (iv) contract with any locality or agency of the Commonwealth to provide such services for either entity; (v) prohibit the disposal of garbage or recyclable materials in or at any place other than that provided by the public or private sector for the purpose; (vi) charge and collect compensation for such services; (vii) regulate the times and placement of waste and waste containers set out for collection, such regulation to require notice so as to allow removal by the owner of the waste or waste containers prior to imposition of a civil penalty, provided that, in the City of Roanoke, provided the third notice required herein included an opportunity for the owner to be heard, the civil penalty may be imposed without further notice after the third notice for violation; (viii) provide penalties, including either criminal or civil penalties, for the unauthorized use of or failure to use such facilities. Prosecution of either a civil or criminal offense shall preclude prosecution of the other for the same offense; and (ix) grant incentives to encourage recycling.","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"B"},"1":{"id":283451,"text":"Any locality may by ordinance limit the use of solid waste depositories or receptacles, owned or maintained by the locality, to the disposal of garbage and other solid waste originating from within the boundaries of such locality. Any locality adopting such an ordinance may provide penalties for its violation pursuant to subsection A.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"C"},"2":{"id":283452,"text":"For the purposes of this section, recyclable materials shall be those materials identified in a plan adopted pursuant to § 10.1-1411 and regulations promulgated thereunder. Nothing in this section shall invalidate the actions of any locality taken prior to enactment of this section. Nothing in this section shall be construed as prohibiting any generator of recyclable materials from selling, conveying or arranging for transportation of such materials to a recycler for reuse or reclamation, nor preventing a recycling company or nonprofit entity from collecting and transporting recyclable materials from a buy-back center, drop box or any generator of recyclable materials.","type":"section","prefixes":["C"],"prefix":"C","entire_prefix":"C","prefix_anchor":"C","level":1,"prior_prefix":"B"}},"ancestry":[{"id":13059,"edition_id":1,"name":"Waste and Recycling","identifier":"2","label":"article","depth":4,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13058,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:11","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:11","permalink":{"id":156557,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13059,"identifier":"2","token":"15.2\/II\/9\/2","url":"\/15.2\/II\/9\/2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13058,"edition_id":1,"name":"General Powers of Local Governments","identifier":"9","label":"chapter","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12733,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:11","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:11","permalink":{"id":156357,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13058,"identifier":"9","token":"15.2\/II\/9","url":"\/15.2\/II\/9\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12733,"edition_id":1,"name":"Powers of Local Government","identifier":"II","label":"subtitle","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12720,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:50","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:50","permalink":{"id":152369,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12733,"identifier":"II","token":"15.2\/II","url":"\/15.2\/II\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12720,"edition_id":1,"name":"Counties, Cities and Towns","identifier":"15.2","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:49","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:49","permalink":{"id":151279,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12720,"identifier":"15.2","token":"15.2","url":"\/15.2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":78876,"structure_id":13059,"section_number":"15.2-927","catch_line":"Garbage and refuse disposal","url":"\/15.2-927\/","token":"15.2\/II\/9\/2\/15.2-927","metadata":false},{"id":79148,"structure_id":13059,"section_number":"15.2-928","catch_line":"Local recycling and waste disposal; powers; penalties","url":"\/15.2-928\/","token":"15.2\/II\/9\/2\/15.2-928","metadata":false},{"id":64966,"structure_id":13059,"section_number":"15.2-929","catch_line":"Solid waste management facility siting approval","url":"\/15.2-929\/","token":"15.2\/II\/9\/2\/15.2-929","metadata":false},{"id":85327,"structure_id":13059,"section_number":"15.2-930","catch_line":"Regulation of garbage and refuse pickup and disposal services; contracting for such services","url":"\/15.2-930\/","token":"15.2\/II\/9\/2\/15.2-930","metadata":false},{"id":86566,"structure_id":13059,"section_number":"15.2-931","catch_line":"Regulation of garbage and refuse pickup and disposal services; contracting for such services in certain localities","url":"\/15.2-931\/","token":"15.2\/II\/9\/2\/15.2-931","metadata":false},{"id":61977,"structure_id":13059,"section_number":"15.2-932","catch_line":"Authorization to enter into certain contracts for garbage and refuse pickup and disposal services; waste recovery facilities","url":"\/15.2-932\/","token":"15.2\/II\/9\/2\/15.2-932","metadata":false},{"id":61377,"structure_id":13059,"section_number":"15.2-933","catch_line":"Ordinances requiring delivery of garbage, trash and refuse to certain facilities; exceptions","url":"\/15.2-933\/","token":"15.2\/II\/9\/2\/15.2-933","metadata":false},{"id":54113,"structure_id":13059,"section_number":"15.2-934","catch_line":"Displacement of private waste companies","url":"\/15.2-934\/","token":"15.2\/II\/9\/2\/15.2-934","metadata":false},{"id":75256,"structure_id":13059,"section_number":"15.2-935","catch_line":"Authority to prohibit placement of leaves or grass clippings in landfills","url":"\/15.2-935\/","token":"15.2\/II\/9\/2\/15.2-935","metadata":false},{"id":67630,"structure_id":13059,"section_number":"15.2-936","catch_line":"Garbage and refuse disposal; fee exemption","url":"\/15.2-936\/","token":"15.2\/II\/9\/2\/15.2-936","metadata":false},{"id":78596,"structure_id":13059,"section_number":"15.2-937","catch_line":"Separation of solid waste","url":"\/15.2-937\/","token":"15.2\/II\/9\/2\/15.2-937","metadata":false},{"id":79738,"structure_id":13059,"section_number":"15.2-938","catch_line":"Preference for purchase of recycled paper and paper products","url":"\/15.2-938\/","token":"15.2\/II\/9\/2\/15.2-938","metadata":false},{"id":74595,"structure_id":13059,"section_number":"15.2-939","catch_line":"Ordinances requiring recycling reports","url":"\/15.2-939\/","token":"15.2\/II\/9\/2\/15.2-939","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":78876,"structure_id":13059,"section_number":"15.2-927","catch_line":"Garbage and refuse disposal","url":"\/15.2-927\/","token":"15.2\/II\/9\/2\/15.2-927","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":64966,"structure_id":13059,"section_number":"15.2-929","catch_line":"Solid waste management facility siting approval","url":"\/15.2-929\/","token":"15.2\/II\/9\/2\/15.2-929","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/15.2-928\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 1991. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 665 of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. Unfortunately, the 1991 \u201cActs\u201d aren\u2019t available online. It has been modified 5 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 1997, chapters 236<\/a> and 587<\/a>; in 2000, chapter 231<\/a>; in 2002, chapters 161<\/a> and 690<\/a>; in 2003, chapter 518<\/a>; in 2006, chapter 847<\/a>.<\/p>","references":[{"id":81312,"section_number":"15.2-5114","catch_line":"Powers of authority","order_by":null,"url":"\/15.2-5114\/"},{"id":55586,"section_number":"15.2-5147","catch_line":"Powers of localities, etc., to make grants and conveyances to and contracts with authority","order_by":null,"url":"\/15.2-5147\/"}],"refers_to":[{"id":65506,"section_number":"10.1-1411","catch_line":"Regional and local solid waste management plans","order_by":null,"url":"\/10.1-1411\/"}],"permalink":{"id":156563,"object_type":"law","relational_id":79148,"identifier":"15.2-928","token":"15.2\/II\/9\/2\/15.2-928","url":"\/15.2-928\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/15.2-928\/","token":"15.2\/II\/9\/2\/15.2-928","dublin_core":{"Title":"Local recycling and waste disposal; powers; penalties","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 15.2-928","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A.<\/span> Any locality<\/span> may (i) provide and operate, within or outside its boundaries, solid waste management facilities and appurtenances for the collection, management, recycling and disposal of solid waste, recyclable materials<\/span>, and other refuse of the residents and businesses of the locality<\/span>; (ii) contract<\/span> with other localities to provide such services jointly; (iii) contract<\/span> with others for supplying such services; (iv) contract<\/span> with any locality<\/span> or agency of the Commonwealth to provide such services for either entity; (v) prohibit the disposal of garbage or recyclable materials<\/span> in or at any place other than that provided by the public or private sector for the purpose; (vi) charge and collect compensation for such services; (vii) regulate the times and placement of waste and waste containers set out for collection, such regulation to require notice so as to allow removal by the owner of the waste or waste containers prior to imposition of a civil penalty<\/span>, provided that, in the City<\/span> of Roanoke, provided the third notice required herein included an opportunity for the owner to be heard, the civil penalty<\/span> may be imposed without further notice after the third notice for violation; (viii) provide penalties, including either criminal or civil penalties, for the unauthorized use of or failure to use such facilities. Prosecution<\/span> of either a civil or criminal offense<\/span> shall preclude prosecution<\/span> of the other for the same offense<\/span>; and (ix) grant incentives to encourage recycling. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> Any locality<\/span> may by ordinance<\/span> limit the use of solid waste depositories or receptacles, owned or maintained by the locality<\/span>, to the disposal of garbage and other solid waste originating from within the boundaries of such locality<\/span>. Any locality<\/span> adopting such an ordinance<\/span> may provide penalties for its violation pursuant to subsection A. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

C.<\/span> For the purposes of this section, recyclable materials<\/span> shall be those materials<\/span> identified in a plan adopted pursuant to § 10.1-1411<\/a> and regulations promulgated thereunder. Nothing in this section shall invalidate the actions of any locality<\/span> taken prior to enactment of this section. Nothing in this section shall be construed as prohibiting any generator of recyclable materials<\/span> from selling, conveying or arranging for transportation of such materials<\/span> to a recycler for reuse or reclamation, nor preventing a recycling company or nonprofit entity from collecting and transporting recyclable materials<\/span> from a buy-back center, drop box or any generator of recyclable materials<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nLOCAL RECYCLING AND WASTE DISPOSAL; POWERS; PENALTIES (\u00a7 15.2-928)\n\nA. Any locality may (i) provide and operate, within or outside its boundaries,\nsolid waste management facilities and appurtenances for the collection,\nmanagement, recycling and disposal of solid waste, recyclable materials, and\nother refuse of the residents and businesses of the locality; (ii) contract with\nother localities to provide such services jointly; (iii) contract with others\nfor supplying such services; (iv) contract with any locality or agency of the\nCommonwealth to provide such services for either entity; (v) prohibit the\ndisposal of garbage or recyclable materials in or at any place other than that\nprovided by the public or private sector for the purpose; (vi) charge and\ncollect compensation for such services; (vii) regulate the times and placement\nof waste and waste containers set out for collection, such regulation to require\nnotice so as to allow removal by the owner of the waste or waste containers\nprior to imposition of a civil penalty, provided that, in the City of Roanoke,\nprovided the third notice required herein included an opportunity for the owner\nto be heard, the civil penalty may be imposed without further notice after the\nthird notice for violation; (viii) provide penalties, including either criminal\nor civil penalties, for the unauthorized use of or failure to use such\nfacilities. Prosecution of either a civil or criminal offense shall preclude\nprosecution of the other for the same offense; and (ix) grant incentives to\nencourage recycling.\n\nB. Any locality may by ordinance limit the use of solid waste depositories or\nreceptacles, owned or maintained by the locality, to the disposal of garbage and\nother solid waste originating from within the boundaries of such locality. Any\nlocality adopting such an ordinance may provide penalties for its violation\npursuant to subsection A.\n\nC. For the purposes of this section, recyclable materials shall be those\nmaterials identified in a plan adopted pursuant to § 10.1-1411 and\nregulations promulgated thereunder. Nothing in this section shall invalidate the\nactions of any locality taken prior to enactment of this section. Nothing in\nthis section shall be construed as prohibiting any generator of recyclable\nmaterials from selling, conveying or arranging for transportation of such\nmaterials to a recycler for reuse or reclamation, nor preventing a recycling\ncompany or nonprofit entity from collecting and transporting recyclable\nmaterials from a buy-back center, drop box or any generator of recyclable\nmaterials.\n\nHISTORY: 1991, c. 665, \u00a7 15.1-11.5:3; 1997, cc. 236, 587; 2000, c. 231; 2002,\ncc. 161, 690; 2003, c. 518; 2006, c. 847.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}