{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/16.1-233.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/16.1-233.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/16.1-233.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/16.1-233.html"}],"law_id":81078,"edition_id":1,"section_id":81078,"structure_id":16163,"section_number":"16.1-233","catch_line":"Department to develop court services; court services units; appointment and removal of employees; salaries","history":"Code 1950, \u00a7 16.1-203; 1956, c. 555; 1972, c. 708; 1973, c. 546; 1974, cc. 44, 45; 1977, c. 559; 1979, c. 700; 1989, c. 733; 1995, cc. 696, 699; 2001, c. 853; 2003, c. 648.","full_text":"A\n\nWithin funds appropriated for the purpose, it shall be a function of the Department to develop and operate, except as hereinafter provided, probation, parole and other court services for juvenile and domestic relations district courts in order that all children coming within the jurisdiction of such courts throughout the Commonwealth shall receive the fullest protection of the court. To this end the Director may establish court services units in the Department. The Director shall appoint such employees as he may find to be necessary to carry out properly the responsibilities of the Department relative to the development, supervision and operation of probation, parole and other court services throughout the Commonwealth as set forth in this chapter.B\n\nThe salaries of the persons employed pursuant to this section shall be paid out of funds appropriated for such purpose to the Department of Juvenile Justice. The Director and such employees as he may find necessary to carry out properly the responsibilities of the Department pursuant to subsection A of this section shall have access to all probation offices, other social services and to their records.C\n\nThe State Board shall establish minimum standards for court service staffs and related supportive personnel and promulgate regulations pertaining to their appointment and function to the end that uniform services, insofar as is practical, will be available to juvenile and domestic relations district courts throughout the Commonwealth. In counties or cities now served by regional juvenile and domestic relations courts or where specialized court service units are not provided, and in any county or city which provided specialized services on June 30, 1973, that requests the development of a court service unit, appointment to positions in such units shall be based on merit as provided in the Virginia Personnel Act (§ 2.2-2900 et seq.).D\n\nNo person shall be assigned to or discharged from the state-operated court service staff of a juvenile and domestic relations district court except as provided in the Virginia Personnel Act (§ 2.2-2900 et seq.). The Director shall have the authority, for good cause, after consulting with the judge or judges of that juvenile and domestic relations district court and after due notice and opportunity to be heard, to order the transfer, demotion or separation of any person from the court service staff subject only to the limitations of the Virginia Personnel Act.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":290573,"text":"Within funds appropriated for the purpose, it shall be a function of the Department to develop and operate, except as hereinafter provided, probation, parole and other court services for juvenile and domestic relations district courts in order that all children coming within the jurisdiction of such courts throughout the Commonwealth shall receive the fullest protection of the court. To this end the Director may establish court services units in the Department. The Director shall appoint such employees as he may find to be necessary to carry out properly the responsibilities of the Department relative to the development, supervision and operation of probation, parole and other court services throughout the Commonwealth as set forth in this chapter.","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"B"},"1":{"id":290574,"text":"The salaries of the persons employed pursuant to this section shall be paid out of funds appropriated for such purpose to the Department of Juvenile Justice. The Director and such employees as he may find necessary to carry out properly the responsibilities of the Department pursuant to subsection A of this section shall have access to all probation offices, other social services and to their records.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"C"},"2":{"id":290575,"text":"The State Board shall establish minimum standards for court service staffs and related supportive personnel and promulgate regulations pertaining to their appointment and function to the end that uniform services, insofar as is practical, will be available to juvenile and domestic relations district courts throughout the Commonwealth. In counties or cities now served by regional juvenile and domestic relations courts or where specialized court service units are not provided, and in any county or city which provided specialized services on June 30, 1973, that requests the development of a court service unit, appointment to positions in such units shall be based on merit as provided in the Virginia Personnel Act (§ 2.2-2900 et seq.).","type":"section","prefixes":["C"],"prefix":"C","entire_prefix":"C","prefix_anchor":"C","level":1,"prior_prefix":"B","next_prefix":"D"},"3":{"id":290576,"text":"No person shall be assigned to or discharged from the state-operated court service staff of a juvenile and domestic relations district court except as provided in the Virginia Personnel Act (§ 2.2-2900 et seq.). The Director shall have the authority, for good cause, after consulting with the judge or judges of that juvenile and domestic relations district court and after due notice and opportunity to be heard, to order the transfer, demotion or separation of any person from the court service staff subject only to the limitations of the Virginia Personnel Act.","type":"section","prefixes":["D"],"prefix":"D","entire_prefix":"D","prefix_anchor":"D","level":1,"prior_prefix":"C"}},"ancestry":[{"id":16163,"edition_id":1,"name":"Organization and Personnel","identifier":"2","label":"article","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12701,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 04:07:50","date_modified":"2026-06-26 04:07:50","permalink":{"id":161427,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":16163,"identifier":"2","token":"16.1\/11\/2","url":"\/16.1\/11\/2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12701,"edition_id":1,"name":"Juvenile and Domestic Relations District Courts","identifier":"11","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12700,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:49","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:49","permalink":{"id":160945,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12701,"identifier":"11","token":"16.1\/11","url":"\/16.1\/11\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12700,"edition_id":1,"name":"Courts Not of Record","identifier":"16.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:49","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:49","permalink":{"id":160919,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12700,"identifier":"16.1","token":"16.1","url":"\/16.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":72834,"structure_id":16163,"section_number":"16.1-230","catch_line":"Organization and operation of juvenile and domestic relations district courts","url":"\/16.1-230\/","token":"16.1\/11\/2\/16.1-230","metadata":false},{"id":87144,"structure_id":16163,"section_number":"16.1-231","catch_line":"Rules of procedure","url":"\/16.1-231\/","token":"16.1\/11\/2\/16.1-231","metadata":false},{"id":79320,"structure_id":16163,"section_number":"16.1-232","catch_line":"Attorney for the Commonwealth to prosecute certain cases and represent Commonwealth on appeal","url":"\/16.1-232\/","token":"16.1\/11\/2\/16.1-232","metadata":false},{"id":81078,"structure_id":16163,"section_number":"16.1-233","catch_line":"Department to develop court services; court services units; appointment and removal of employees; salaries","url":"\/16.1-233\/","token":"16.1\/11\/2\/16.1-233","metadata":false},{"id":64296,"structure_id":16163,"section_number":"16.1-234","catch_line":"Duties of Department; provision of quarters, utilities, and office equipment to court service unit","url":"\/16.1-234\/","token":"16.1\/11\/2\/16.1-234","metadata":false},{"id":85897,"structure_id":16163,"section_number":"16.1-235","catch_line":"How probation, parole and related court services provided","url":"\/16.1-235\/","token":"16.1\/11\/2\/16.1-235","metadata":false},{"id":74960,"structure_id":16163,"section_number":"16.1-235.1","catch_line":"Provision of court services; replacement intake officers","url":"\/16.1-235.1\/","token":"16.1\/11\/2\/16.1-235.1","metadata":false},{"id":83926,"structure_id":16163,"section_number":"16.1-236","catch_line":"Supervisory officers","url":"\/16.1-236\/","token":"16.1\/11\/2\/16.1-236","metadata":false},{"id":81343,"structure_id":16163,"section_number":"16.1-236.1","catch_line":"Court services unit directors","url":"\/16.1-236.1\/","token":"16.1\/11\/2\/16.1-236.1","metadata":false},{"id":69673,"structure_id":16163,"section_number":"16.1-237","catch_line":"Powers, duties and functions of probation and parole officers","url":"\/16.1-237\/","token":"16.1\/11\/2\/16.1-237","metadata":false},{"id":86698,"structure_id":16163,"section_number":"16.1-238","catch_line":"Compensation of probation officers, court service staff members and related court service personnel; reimbursement; traveling and other expenses","url":"\/16.1-238\/","token":"16.1\/11\/2\/16.1-238","metadata":false},{"id":83879,"structure_id":16163,"section_number":"16.1-239","catch_line":"Payment of traveling expenses of court officers; reimbursement","url":"\/16.1-239\/","token":"16.1\/11\/2\/16.1-239","metadata":false},{"id":87242,"structure_id":16163,"section_number":"16.1-240","catch_line":"Citizens advisory council","url":"\/16.1-240\/","token":"16.1\/11\/2\/16.1-240","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":79320,"structure_id":16163,"section_number":"16.1-232","catch_line":"Attorney for the Commonwealth to prosecute certain cases and represent Commonwealth on appeal","url":"\/16.1-232\/","token":"16.1\/11\/2\/16.1-232","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":64296,"structure_id":16163,"section_number":"16.1-234","catch_line":"Duties of Department; provision of quarters, utilities, and office equipment to court service unit","url":"\/16.1-234\/","token":"16.1\/11\/2\/16.1-234","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/16.1-233\/","history_text":"

The record of this law\u2019s original creation isn\u2019t available online. It has been modified 10 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 1956, chapter 555; in 1972, chapter 708; in 1973, chapter 546; in 1974, chapters 44 and 45; in 1977, chapter 559; in 1979, chapter 700; in 1989, chapter 733; in 1995, chapters 696<\/a> and 699<\/a>; in 2001, chapter 853<\/a>; in 2003, chapter 648<\/a>.<\/p>","references":[{"id":59506,"section_number":"16.1-285","catch_line":"Duration of commitments","order_by":null,"url":"\/16.1-285\/"},{"id":58592,"section_number":"19.2-123","catch_line":"Release of accused on secured or unsecured bond or promise to appear; conditions of release","order_by":null,"url":"\/19.2-123\/"},{"id":81089,"section_number":"19.2-389","catch_line":"(Effective July 1, 2026) Dissemination of criminal history record information","order_by":null,"url":"\/19.2-389\/"}],"refers_to":[{"id":65778,"section_number":"2.2-2900","catch_line":"Short title; purpose","order_by":null,"url":"\/2.2-2900\/"}],"permalink":{"id":161441,"object_type":"law","relational_id":81078,"identifier":"16.1-233","token":"16.1\/11\/2\/16.1-233","url":"\/16.1-233\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/16.1-233\/","token":"16.1\/11\/2\/16.1-233","dublin_core":{"Title":"Department to develop court services; court services units; appointment and removal of employees; salaries","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 16.1-233","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A.<\/span> Within funds appropriated for the purpose, it shall be a function of the Department<\/span> to develop and operate, except as hereinafter provided, probation<\/span>, parole<\/span> and other court services for juvenile and domestic relations district courts<\/span> in order<\/span> that all children coming within the jurisdiction<\/span> of such courts<\/span> throughout the Commonwealth shall receive the fullest protection of the court<\/span>. To this end the Director<\/span> may establish court services units in the Department<\/span>. The Director<\/span> shall appoint such employees as he may find to be necessary to carry out properly the responsibilities of the Department<\/span> relative to the development, supervision and operation of probation<\/span>, parole<\/span> and other court services throughout the Commonwealth as set forth in this chapter. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> The salaries of the persons employed pursuant to this section shall be paid out of funds appropriated for such purpose to the Department<\/span> of Juvenile Justice. The Director<\/span> and such employees as he may find necessary to carry out properly the responsibilities of the Department<\/span> pursuant to subsection A of this section shall have access to all probation<\/span> offices, other social services and to their records. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

C.<\/span> The State Board<\/span> shall establish minimum standards for court service staffs and related supportive personnel and promulgate regulations pertaining to their appointment and function to the end that uniform services, insofar as is practical, will be available to juvenile and domestic relations district courts throughout the Commonwealth. In counties or cities now served by regional juvenile and domestic relations courts<\/span> or where specialized court service units are not provided, and in any county or city which provided specialized services on June 30, 1973, that requests the development of a court service unit, appointment to positions in such units shall be based on merit as provided in the Virginia Personnel Act (§ 2.2-2900<\/a> et seq.). <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

D.<\/span> No person shall be assigned to or discharged from the state-operated court service staff of a juvenile and domestic relations district court except as provided in the Virginia Personnel Act (§ 2.2-2900<\/a> et seq.). The Director<\/span> shall have the authority, for good cause, after consulting with the judge<\/span> or judges<\/span> of that juvenile and domestic relations district court and after due notice and opportunity to be heard, to order<\/span> the transfer, demotion or separation of any person from the court<\/span> service staff subject only to the limitations of the Virginia Personnel Act. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nDEPARTMENT TO DEVELOP COURT SERVICES; COURT SERVICES UNITS; APPOINTMENT AND\nREMOVAL OF EMPLOYEES; SALARIES (\u00a7 16.1-233)\n\nA. Within funds appropriated for the purpose, it shall be a function of the\nDepartment to develop and operate, except as hereinafter provided, probation,\nparole and other court services for juvenile and domestic relations district\ncourts in order that all children coming within the jurisdiction of such courts\nthroughout the Commonwealth shall receive the fullest protection of the court.\nTo this end the Director may establish court services units in the Department.\nThe Director shall appoint such employees as he may find to be necessary to\ncarry out properly the responsibilities of the Department relative to the\ndevelopment, supervision and operation of probation, parole and other court\nservices throughout the Commonwealth as set forth in this chapter.\n\nB. The salaries of the persons employed pursuant to this section shall be paid\nout of funds appropriated for such purpose to the Department of Juvenile\nJustice. The Director and such employees as he may find necessary to carry out\nproperly the responsibilities of the Department pursuant to subsection A of this\nsection shall have access to all probation offices, other social services and to\ntheir records.\n\nC. The State Board shall establish minimum standards for court service staffs\nand related supportive personnel and promulgate regulations pertaining to their\nappointment and function to the end that uniform services, insofar as is\npractical, will be available to juvenile and domestic relations district courts\nthroughout the Commonwealth. In counties or cities now served by regional\njuvenile and domestic relations courts or where specialized court service units\nare not provided, and in any county or city which provided specialized services\non June 30, 1973, that requests the development of a court service unit,\nappointment to positions in such units shall be based on merit as provided in\nthe Virginia Personnel Act (§ 2.2-2900 et seq.).\n\nD. No person shall be assigned to or discharged from the state-operated court\nservice staff of a juvenile and domestic relations district court except as\nprovided in the Virginia Personnel Act (§ 2.2-2900 et seq.). The Director\nshall have the authority, for good cause, after consulting with the judge or\njudges of that juvenile and domestic relations district court and after due\nnotice and opportunity to be heard, to order the transfer, demotion or\nseparation of any person from the court service staff subject only to the\nlimitations of the Virginia Personnel Act.\n\nHISTORY: Code 1950, \u00a7 16.1-203; 1956, c. 555; 1972, c. 708; 1973, c. 546; 1974,\ncc. 44, 45; 1977, c. 559; 1979, c. 700; 1989, c. 733; 1995, cc. 696, 699; 2001,\nc. 853; 2003, c. 648.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}