{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/16.1-245.2.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/16.1-245.2.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/16.1-245.2.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/16.1-245.2.html"}],"law_id":72275,"edition_id":1,"section_id":72275,"structure_id":13723,"section_number":"16.1-245.2","catch_line":"Evidence of medical reports, statements, or records; testimony of health care provider or custodian of records in juvenile and domestic relations district court; custody, visitation, placement, and support cases","history":"2023, cc. 398, 399.","full_text":"A\n\nNotwithstanding \u00a7 8.01-399, 8.01-400.2, 8.01-401.1, or 8.01-413, and except as provided in \u00a7 16.1-245.1, in any civil case heard in a juvenile and domestic relations district court involving the custody, visitation, placement, or support of a child or spouse, any party, including a guardian ad litem, may present evidence as to the extent, nature, and treatment of a party or child and the costs of such treatment and examination by the following:1\n\nA report or statement from the treating or examining health care provider as defined in § 8.01-581.1 or a health care provider licensed outside of the Commonwealth for his treatment of the party or child outside of the Commonwealth. Such report or statement shall be admitted if the party intending to present such evidence gives the opposing party or parties and, if applicable, guardian ad litem, a copy of such evidence and written notice of such intention 30 days in advance of trial and if attached to or contained in such evidence is a sworn declaration of (i) the treating or examining health care provider that (a) the person named therein was treated or examined by such health care provider, (b) the information contained in the report or statement is true and accurate and fully descriptive as to the nature and extent of the treatment and any conclusions which result therefrom, and (c) any statement of costs contained in the report or statement is true and accurate or (ii) the custodian of such report or statement that the same is a true and accurate copy of the report or statement; or2\n\nThe bills showing the costs of examination or treatment or records of a treating or examining health care provider as defined in § 8.01-581.1 or a health care provider licensed outside of the Commonwealth for its treatment of a party or child outside of the Commonwealth. Such provider’s records or bills shall be admitted if (i) the party intending to present evidence by the use of records or bills gives the opposing party or parties and, if applicable, the guardian ad litem a copy of the records or bills and written notice of such intention 30 days in advance of trial and (ii) attached to the records or bills is a sworn declaration of the custodian thereof that the same is a true and accurate copy of the records or bills of such provider.\n\t\t\t\tIf, thereafter, a party or guardian ad litem summons the health care provider or custodian making such statement to testify in proper person, the court shall determine which party shall pay the fee and costs for such appearance or may apportion the same among the parties in such proportions as the ends of justice may require. If such health care provider or custodian is not subject to subpoena for cross-examination in court, then the court shall allow a reasonable opportunity for the party seeking the subpoena for such health care provider or custodian to obtain his testimony as the ends of justice may require.B\n\nIf an opposing party intends to file a pleading in response to the evidence to be presented pursuant to subsection A, such party shall do so at least 15 days in advance of trial.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":260346,"text":"Notwithstanding \u00a7 8.01-399, 8.01-400.2, 8.01-401.1, or 8.01-413, and except as provided in \u00a7 16.1-245.1, in any civil case heard in a juvenile and domestic relations district court involving the custody, visitation, placement, or support of a child or spouse, any party, including a guardian ad litem, may present evidence as to the extent, nature, and treatment of a party or child and the costs of such treatment and examination by the following:","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"A1"},"1":{"id":260347,"text":"A report or statement from the treating or examining health care provider as defined in § 8.01-581.1 or a health care provider licensed outside of the Commonwealth for his treatment of the party or child outside of the Commonwealth. Such report or statement shall be admitted if the party intending to present such evidence gives the opposing party or parties and, if applicable, guardian ad litem, a copy of such evidence and written notice of such intention 30 days in advance of trial and if attached to or contained in such evidence is a sworn declaration of (i) the treating or examining health care provider that (a) the person named therein was treated or examined by such health care provider, (b) the information contained in the report or statement is true and accurate and fully descriptive as to the nature and extent of the treatment and any conclusions which result therefrom, and (c) any statement of costs contained in the report or statement is true and accurate or (ii) the custodian of such report or statement that the same is a true and accurate copy of the report or statement; or","type":"section","prefixes":["A","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"A1","prefix_anchor":"A1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"A2"},"2":{"id":260348,"text":"The bills showing the costs of examination or treatment or records of a treating or examining health care provider as defined in § 8.01-581.1 or a health care provider licensed outside of the Commonwealth for its treatment of a party or child outside of the Commonwealth. Such provider’s records or bills shall be admitted if (i) the party intending to present evidence by the use of records or bills gives the opposing party or parties and, if applicable, the guardian ad litem a copy of the records or bills and written notice of such intention 30 days in advance of trial and (ii) attached to the records or bills is a sworn declaration of the custodian thereof that the same is a true and accurate copy of the records or bills of such provider.\n\t\t\t\tIf, thereafter, a party or guardian ad litem summons the health care provider or custodian making such statement to testify in proper person, the court shall determine which party shall pay the fee and costs for such appearance or may apportion the same among the parties in such proportions as the ends of justice may require. If such health care provider or custodian is not subject to subpoena for cross-examination in court, then the court shall allow a reasonable opportunity for the party seeking the subpoena for such health care provider or custodian to obtain his testimony as the ends of justice may require.","type":"section","prefixes":["A","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"A2","prefix_anchor":"A2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A1","next_prefix":"B"},"3":{"id":260349,"text":"If an opposing party intends to file a pleading in response to the evidence to be presented pursuant to subsection A, such party shall do so at least 15 days in advance of trial.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A2"}},"ancestry":[{"id":13723,"edition_id":1,"name":"Jurisdiction and Venue","identifier":"3","label":"article","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12701,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:45:40","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:45:40","permalink":{"id":161481,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13723,"identifier":"3","token":"16.1\/11\/3","url":"\/16.1\/11\/3\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12701,"edition_id":1,"name":"Juvenile and Domestic Relations District Courts","identifier":"11","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12700,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:49","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:49","permalink":{"id":160945,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12701,"identifier":"11","token":"16.1\/11","url":"\/16.1\/11\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12700,"edition_id":1,"name":"Courts Not of Record","identifier":"16.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:49","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:49","permalink":{"id":160919,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12700,"identifier":"16.1","token":"16.1","url":"\/16.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":71312,"structure_id":13723,"section_number":"16.1-241","catch_line":"Jurisdiction; consent for abortion","url":"\/16.1-241\/","token":"16.1\/11\/3\/16.1-241","metadata":false},{"id":56537,"structure_id":13723,"section_number":"16.1-241.1","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/16.1-241.1\/","token":"16.1\/11\/3\/16.1-241.1","metadata":false},{"id":64854,"structure_id":13723,"section_number":"16.1-241.2","catch_line":"Proceedings against certain parents","url":"\/16.1-241.2\/","token":"16.1\/11\/3\/16.1-241.2","metadata":false},{"id":69856,"structure_id":13723,"section_number":"16.1-241.3","catch_line":"Newborn children; substance abuse","url":"\/16.1-241.3\/","token":"16.1\/11\/3\/16.1-241.3","metadata":false},{"id":54717,"structure_id":13723,"section_number":"16.1-242","catch_line":"Retention of jurisdiction","url":"\/16.1-242\/","token":"16.1\/11\/3\/16.1-242","metadata":false},{"id":83429,"structure_id":13723,"section_number":"16.1-242.1","catch_line":"Retention of jurisdiction; appeals involving children in foster care","url":"\/16.1-242.1\/","token":"16.1\/11\/3\/16.1-242.1","metadata":false},{"id":71654,"structure_id":13723,"section_number":"16.1-243","catch_line":"Venue","url":"\/16.1-243\/","token":"16.1\/11\/3\/16.1-243","metadata":false},{"id":60259,"structure_id":13723,"section_number":"16.1-244","catch_line":"Concurrent jurisdiction; exceptions","url":"\/16.1-244\/","token":"16.1\/11\/3\/16.1-244","metadata":false},{"id":69416,"structure_id":13723,"section_number":"16.1-245","catch_line":"Transfer from other courts","url":"\/16.1-245\/","token":"16.1\/11\/3\/16.1-245","metadata":false},{"id":59845,"structure_id":13723,"section_number":"16.1-245.1","catch_line":"Medical evidence admissible in juvenile and domestic relations district court","url":"\/16.1-245.1\/","token":"16.1\/11\/3\/16.1-245.1","metadata":false},{"id":72275,"structure_id":13723,"section_number":"16.1-245.2","catch_line":"Evidence of medical reports, statements, or records; testimony of health care provider or custodian of records in juvenile and domestic relations district court; custody, visitation, placement, and support cases","url":"\/16.1-245.2\/","token":"16.1\/11\/3\/16.1-245.2","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":59845,"structure_id":13723,"section_number":"16.1-245.1","catch_line":"Medical evidence admissible in juvenile and domestic relations district court","url":"\/16.1-245.1\/","token":"16.1\/11\/3\/16.1-245.1","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/16.1-245.2\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 2023. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapters 398<\/a> and 399<\/a> of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":[{"id":59845,"section_number":"16.1-245.1","catch_line":"Medical evidence admissible in juvenile and domestic relations district court","order_by":null,"url":"\/16.1-245.1\/"},{"id":82405,"section_number":"8.01-399","catch_line":"Communications between physicians and patients (Supreme Court Rule 2:505 derived from this section)","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.01-399\/"},{"id":74220,"section_number":"8.01-400.2","catch_line":"Communications between certain mental health professionals and clients (Supreme Court Rule 2:506 derived from this section)","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.01-400.2\/"},{"id":64009,"section_number":"8.01-401.1","catch_line":"Opinion testimony by experts; hearsay exception (subsection (a) of Supreme Court Rule 2:703, subsection (a) of Supreme Court Rule 2:705, and subsection (a) of Supreme Court Rule 2:706 derived from this section)","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.01-401.1\/"},{"id":80770,"section_number":"8.01-413","catch_line":"Certain copies of health care provider's health records of patient admissible; right of patient, his attorney and authorized insurer to copies of such health records; subpoena; damages, costs and attorney fees","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.01-413\/"},{"id":79489,"section_number":"8.01-581.1","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.01-581.1\/"}],"permalink":{"id":161523,"object_type":"law","relational_id":72275,"identifier":"16.1-245.2","token":"16.1\/11\/3\/16.1-245.2","url":"\/16.1-245.2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/16.1-245.2\/","token":"16.1\/11\/3\/16.1-245.2","dublin_core":{"Title":"Evidence of medical reports, statements, or records; testimony of health care provider or custodian of records in juvenile and domestic relations district court; custody, visitation, placement, and support cases","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 16.1-245.2","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A.<\/span> Notwithstanding \u00a7 8.01-399<\/a>, 8.01-400.2<\/a>, 8.01-401.1<\/a>, or 8.01-413<\/a>, and except as provided in \u00a7 16.1-245.1<\/a>, in any civil case heard in a juvenile and domestic relations district court<\/span> involving the custody<\/span>, visitation, placement, or support of a child or spouse, any party<\/span>, including a guardian ad litem<\/span>, may present evidence<\/span> as to the extent, nature, and treatment of a party<\/span> or child and the costs of such treatment and examination by the following: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> A report or statement from the treating or examining health care provider as defined in § 8.01-581.1<\/a> or a health care provider licensed outside of the Commonwealth for his treatment of the party<\/span> or child outside of the Commonwealth. Such report or statement shall be admitted if the party<\/span> intending to present such evidence<\/span> gives the opposing party<\/span> or parties and, if applicable, guardian ad litem<\/span>, a copy of such evidence<\/span> and written notice of such intention 30 days in advance of trial<\/span> and if attached to or contained in such evidence<\/span> is a sworn declaration of (i) the treating or examining health care provider that (a) the person named therein was treated or examined by such health care provider, (b) the information contained in the report or statement is true and accurate and fully descriptive as to the nature and extent of the treatment and any conclusions which result therefrom, and (c) any statement of costs contained in the report or statement is true and accurate or (ii) the custodian of such report or statement that the same is a true and accurate copy of the report or statement; or <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> The bills showing the costs of examination or treatment or records of a treating or examining health care provider as defined in § 8.01-581.1<\/a> or a health care provider licensed outside of the Commonwealth for its treatment of a party<\/span> or child outside of the Commonwealth. Such provider’s records or bills shall be admitted if (i) the party<\/span> intending to present evidence<\/span> by the use of records or bills gives the opposing party<\/span> or parties and, if applicable, the guardian ad litem<\/span> a copy of the records or bills and written notice of such intention 30 days in advance of trial<\/span> and (ii) attached to the records or bills is a sworn declaration of the custodian thereof that the same is a true and accurate copy of the records or bills of such provider.\n\t\t\t\tIf, thereafter, a party<\/span> or guardian ad litem<\/span> summons<\/span> the health care provider or custodian making such statement to testify in proper person, the court<\/span> shall determine which party<\/span> shall pay the fee and costs for such appearance<\/span> or may apportion the same among the parties in such proportions as the ends of justice may require. If such health care provider or custodian is not subject to subpoena<\/span> for cross-examination in court, then the court<\/span> shall allow a reasonable opportunity for the party<\/span> seeking the subpoena<\/span> for such health care provider or custodian to obtain his testimony<\/span> as the ends of justice may require. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> If an opposing party<\/span> intends to file a pleading in response to the evidence<\/span> to be presented pursuant to subsection A, such party<\/span> shall do so at least 15 days in advance of trial<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nEVIDENCE OF MEDICAL REPORTS, STATEMENTS, OR RECORDS; TESTIMONY OF HEALTH CARE\nPROVIDER OR CUSTODIAN OF RECORDS IN JUVENILE AND DOMESTIC RELATIONS DISTRICT\nCOURT; CUSTODY, VISITATION, PLACEMENT, AND SUPPORT CASES (\u00a7 16.1-245.2)\n\nA. Notwithstanding \u00a7 8.01-399, 8.01-400.2, 8.01-401.1, or 8.01-413, and except\nas provided in \u00a7 16.1-245.1, in any civil case heard in a juvenile and domestic\nrelations district court involving the custody, visitation, placement, or\nsupport of a child or spouse, any party, including a guardian ad litem, may\npresent evidence as to the extent, nature, and treatment of a party or child and\nthe costs of such treatment and examination by the following:\n\n 1. A report or statement from the treating or examining health care provider\n as defined in § 8.01-581.1 or a health care provider licensed outside of\n the Commonwealth for his treatment of the party or child outside of the\n Commonwealth. Such report or statement shall be admitted if the party\n intending to present such evidence gives the opposing party or parties and, if\n applicable, guardian ad litem, a copy of such evidence and written notice of\n such intention 30 days in advance of trial and if attached to or contained in\n such evidence is a sworn declaration of (i) the treating or examining health\n care provider that (a) the person named therein was treated or examined by\n such health care provider, (b) the information contained in the report or\n statement is true and accurate and fully descriptive as to the nature and\n extent of the treatment and any conclusions which result therefrom, and (c)\n any statement of costs contained in the report or statement is true and\n accurate or (ii) the custodian of such report or statement that the same is a\n true and accurate copy of the report or statement; or\n\n 2. The bills showing the costs of examination or treatment or records of a\n treating or examining health care provider as defined in § 8.01-581.1 or\n a health care provider licensed outside of the Commonwealth for its treatment\n of a party or child outside of the Commonwealth. Such provider’s records\n or bills shall be admitted if (i) the party intending to present evidence by\n the use of records or bills gives the opposing party or parties and, if\n applicable, the guardian ad litem a copy of the records or bills and written\n notice of such intention 30 days in advance of trial and (ii) attached to the\n records or bills is a sworn declaration of the custodian thereof that the same\n is a true and accurate copy of the records or bills of such provider.\n \t\t\t\tIf, thereafter, a party or guardian ad litem summons the health care\n provider or custodian making such statement to testify in proper person, the\n court shall determine which party shall pay the fee and costs for such\n appearance or may apportion the same among the parties in such proportions as\n the ends of justice may require. If such health care provider or custodian is\n not subject to subpoena for cross-examination in court, then the court shall\n allow a reasonable opportunity for the party seeking the subpoena for such\n health care provider or custodian to obtain his testimony as the ends of\n justice may require.\n\nB. If an opposing party intends to file a pleading in response to the evidence\nto be presented pursuant to subsection A, such party shall do so at least 15\ndays in advance of trial.\n\nHISTORY: 2023, cc. 398, 399.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}