{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/16.1-278.5.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/16.1-278.5.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/16.1-278.5.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/16.1-278.5.html"}],"law_id":62708,"edition_id":1,"section_id":62708,"structure_id":13006,"section_number":"16.1-278.5","catch_line":"Children in need of supervision","history":"1991, c. 534; 1992, cc. 837, 880; 1996, c. 45; 1997, c. 210.","full_text":"A\n\nIf a child is found to be in need of supervision, the court shall, before final disposition of the case, direct the appropriate public agency to evaluate the child’s service needs using an interdisciplinary team approach. The team shall consist of qualified personnel who are reasonably available from the appropriate department of social services, community services board, local school division, court service unit and other appropriate and available public and private agencies and may be the family assessment and planning team established pursuant to § 2.2-5207. A report of the evaluation shall be filed as provided in § 16.1-274 A. In lieu of directing an evaluation be made, the court may consider the report concerning the child of an interdisciplinary team which met not more than ninety days prior to the court’s making a finding that the child is in need of supervision.B\n\nThe court may make any of the following orders of disposition for the supervision, care and rehabilitation of the child:1\n\nEnter any order of disposition authorized by § 16.1-278.4 for a child found to be in need of services;2\n\nPlace the child on probation under such conditions and limitations as the court may prescribe including suspension of the child’s driver’s license upon terms and conditions which may include the issuance of a restricted license for those purposes set forth in subsection E of § 18.2-271.1;3\n\nOrder the child and\/or his parent to participate in such programs, cooperate in such treatment or be subject to such conditions and limitations as the court may order and as are designed for the rehabilitation of the child;4\n\nRequire the child to participate in a public service project under such conditions as the court may prescribe; or5\n\na. Beginning July 1, 1992, in the case of any child subject to compulsory school attendance as provided in § 22.1-254, where the court finds that the child’s parent is in violation of §§ 22.1-254, 22.1-255, 22.1-265, or § 22.1-267, in addition to any penalties provided in § 22.1-263 or § 22.1-265, the court may order the parent with whom the child is living to participate in such programs, cooperate in such treatment, or be subject to such conditions and limitations as the court may order and as are designed for the rehabilitation of the child and\/or the parent. Upon the failure of the parent to so participate or cooperate, or to comply with the conditions and limitations that the court orders, the court may impose a fine of not more than $100 for each day in which the person fails to comply with the court order.\n\t\t\t\tb. If the court finds that the parent has willfully disobeyed a lawful process, judgment, decree, or court order requiring such person to comply with the compulsory school attendance law, in addition to any conditions or limitations that the court may order or any penalties provided by §§ 16.1-278.2 through 16.1-278.19, 22.1-263 or § 22.1-265, the court may impose the penalty authorized by § 18.2-371.C\n\nAny order entered pursuant to this section shall be provided in writing to the child, his parent or legal custodian, and to the child’s attorney and shall contain adequate notice of the provisions of § 16.1-292 regarding willful violation of such order.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":228647,"text":"If a child is found to be in need of supervision, the court shall, before final disposition of the case, direct the appropriate public agency to evaluate the child’s service needs using an interdisciplinary team approach. The team shall consist of qualified personnel who are reasonably available from the appropriate department of social services, community services board, local school division, court service unit and other appropriate and available public and private agencies and may be the family assessment and planning team established pursuant to § 2.2-5207. A report of the evaluation shall be filed as provided in § 16.1-274 A. In lieu of directing an evaluation be made, the court may consider the report concerning the child of an interdisciplinary team which met not more than ninety days prior to the court’s making a finding that the child is in need of supervision.","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"B"},"1":{"id":228648,"text":"The court may make any of the following orders of disposition for the supervision, care and rehabilitation of the child:","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"B1"},"2":{"id":228649,"text":"Enter any order of disposition authorized by § 16.1-278.4 for a child found to be in need of services;","type":"section","prefixes":["B","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"B1","prefix_anchor":"B1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"B","next_prefix":"B2"},"3":{"id":228650,"text":"Place the child on probation under such conditions and limitations as the court may prescribe including suspension of the child’s driver’s license upon terms and conditions which may include the issuance of a restricted license for those purposes set forth in subsection E of § 18.2-271.1;","type":"section","prefixes":["B","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"B2","prefix_anchor":"B2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"B1","next_prefix":"B3"},"4":{"id":228651,"text":"Order the child and\/or his parent to participate in such programs, cooperate in such treatment or be subject to such conditions and limitations as the court may order and as are designed for the rehabilitation of the child;","type":"section","prefixes":["B","3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"B3","prefix_anchor":"B3","level":2,"prior_prefix":"B2","next_prefix":"B4"},"5":{"id":228652,"text":"Require the child to participate in a public service project under such conditions as the court may prescribe; or","type":"section","prefixes":["B","4"],"prefix":"4","entire_prefix":"B4","prefix_anchor":"B4","level":2,"prior_prefix":"B3","next_prefix":"B5"},"6":{"id":228653,"text":"a. Beginning July 1, 1992, in the case of any child subject to compulsory school attendance as provided in § 22.1-254, where the court finds that the child’s parent is in violation of §§ 22.1-254, 22.1-255, 22.1-265, or § 22.1-267, in addition to any penalties provided in § 22.1-263 or § 22.1-265, the court may order the parent with whom the child is living to participate in such programs, cooperate in such treatment, or be subject to such conditions and limitations as the court may order and as are designed for the rehabilitation of the child and\/or the parent. Upon the failure of the parent to so participate or cooperate, or to comply with the conditions and limitations that the court orders, the court may impose a fine of not more than $100 for each day in which the person fails to comply with the court order.\n\t\t\t\tb. If the court finds that the parent has willfully disobeyed a lawful process, judgment, decree, or court order requiring such person to comply with the compulsory school attendance law, in addition to any conditions or limitations that the court may order or any penalties provided by §§ 16.1-278.2 through 16.1-278.19, 22.1-263 or § 22.1-265, the court may impose the penalty authorized by § 18.2-371.","type":"section","prefixes":["B","5"],"prefix":"5","entire_prefix":"B5","prefix_anchor":"B5","level":2,"prior_prefix":"B4","next_prefix":"C"},"7":{"id":228654,"text":"Any order entered pursuant to this section shall be provided in writing to the child, his parent or legal custodian, and to the child’s attorney and shall contain adequate notice of the provisions of § 16.1-292 regarding willful violation of such order.","type":"section","prefixes":["C"],"prefix":"C","entire_prefix":"C","prefix_anchor":"C","level":1,"prior_prefix":"B5"}},"ancestry":[{"id":13006,"edition_id":1,"name":"Disposition","identifier":"9","label":"article","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12701,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:08","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:08","permalink":{"id":161781,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13006,"identifier":"9","token":"16.1\/11\/9","url":"\/16.1\/11\/9\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12701,"edition_id":1,"name":"Juvenile and Domestic Relations District Courts","identifier":"11","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12700,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:49","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:49","permalink":{"id":160945,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12701,"identifier":"11","token":"16.1\/11","url":"\/16.1\/11\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12700,"edition_id":1,"name":"Courts Not of Record","identifier":"16.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:49","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:49","permalink":{"id":160919,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12700,"identifier":"16.1","token":"16.1","url":"\/16.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":61839,"structure_id":13006,"section_number":"16.1-278","catch_line":"Cooperation of certain agencies, officials, institutions and associations","url":"\/16.1-278\/","token":"16.1\/11\/9\/16.1-278","metadata":false},{"id":71042,"structure_id":13006,"section_number":"16.1-278.1","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/16.1-278.1\/","token":"16.1\/11\/9\/16.1-278.1","metadata":false},{"id":82666,"structure_id":13006,"section_number":"16.1-278.10","catch_line":"Traffic infractions","url":"\/16.1-278.10\/","token":"16.1\/11\/9\/16.1-278.10","metadata":false},{"id":81073,"structure_id":13006,"section_number":"16.1-278.11","catch_line":"Mental illness and intellectual disability","url":"\/16.1-278.11\/","token":"16.1\/11\/9\/16.1-278.11","metadata":false},{"id":63604,"structure_id":13006,"section_number":"16.1-278.12","catch_line":"When judicial consent in lieu of parental consent authorized","url":"\/16.1-278.12\/","token":"16.1\/11\/9\/16.1-278.12","metadata":false},{"id":65268,"structure_id":13006,"section_number":"16.1-278.13","catch_line":"Work permits; petitions for treatment, etc","url":"\/16.1-278.13\/","token":"16.1\/11\/9\/16.1-278.13","metadata":false},{"id":75260,"structure_id":13006,"section_number":"16.1-278.14","catch_line":"Criminal jurisdiction; protective orders; family offenses","url":"\/16.1-278.14\/","token":"16.1\/11\/9\/16.1-278.14","metadata":false},{"id":78408,"structure_id":13006,"section_number":"16.1-278.15","catch_line":"Custody or visitation, child or spousal support generally","url":"\/16.1-278.15\/","token":"16.1\/11\/9\/16.1-278.15","metadata":false},{"id":61778,"structure_id":13006,"section_number":"16.1-278.16","catch_line":"Failure to comply with support obligation; payroll deduction; commitment","url":"\/16.1-278.16\/","token":"16.1\/11\/9\/16.1-278.16","metadata":false},{"id":63607,"structure_id":13006,"section_number":"16.1-278.17","catch_line":"Pendente lite support","url":"\/16.1-278.17\/","token":"16.1\/11\/9\/16.1-278.17","metadata":false},{"id":83584,"structure_id":13006,"section_number":"16.1-278.17:1","catch_line":"Formula for determination of pendente lite spousal support","url":"\/16.1-278.17_1\/","token":"16.1\/11\/9\/16.1-278.17_1","metadata":false},{"id":59856,"structure_id":13006,"section_number":"16.1-278.18","catch_line":"Money judgments","url":"\/16.1-278.18\/","token":"16.1\/11\/9\/16.1-278.18","metadata":false},{"id":74062,"structure_id":13006,"section_number":"16.1-278.19","catch_line":"Attorney fees","url":"\/16.1-278.19\/","token":"16.1\/11\/9\/16.1-278.19","metadata":false},{"id":59979,"structure_id":13006,"section_number":"16.1-278.2","catch_line":"Abused, neglected, or abandoned children or children without parental care","url":"\/16.1-278.2\/","token":"16.1\/11\/9\/16.1-278.2","metadata":false},{"id":54079,"structure_id":13006,"section_number":"16.1-278.3","catch_line":"Relief of care and custody","url":"\/16.1-278.3\/","token":"16.1\/11\/9\/16.1-278.3","metadata":false},{"id":86609,"structure_id":13006,"section_number":"16.1-278.4","catch_line":"Children in need of services","url":"\/16.1-278.4\/","token":"16.1\/11\/9\/16.1-278.4","metadata":false},{"id":62708,"structure_id":13006,"section_number":"16.1-278.5","catch_line":"Children in need of supervision","url":"\/16.1-278.5\/","token":"16.1\/11\/9\/16.1-278.5","metadata":false},{"id":74489,"structure_id":13006,"section_number":"16.1-278.6","catch_line":"Status offenders","url":"\/16.1-278.6\/","token":"16.1\/11\/9\/16.1-278.6","metadata":false},{"id":80876,"structure_id":13006,"section_number":"16.1-278.7","catch_line":"Commitment to Department of Juvenile Justice","url":"\/16.1-278.7\/","token":"16.1\/11\/9\/16.1-278.7","metadata":false},{"id":54722,"structure_id":13006,"section_number":"16.1-278.7:01","catch_line":"Department to give notice of the receipt of certain persons","url":"\/16.1-278.7_01\/","token":"16.1\/11\/9\/16.1-278.7_01","metadata":false},{"id":87505,"structure_id":13006,"section_number":"16.1-278.7:02","catch_line":"Department to give notice of Sex Offender and Crimes Against Minors Registry requirements to certain persons","url":"\/16.1-278.7_02\/","token":"16.1\/11\/9\/16.1-278.7_02","metadata":false},{"id":62824,"structure_id":13006,"section_number":"16.1-278.8","catch_line":"Delinquent juveniles","url":"\/16.1-278.8\/","token":"16.1\/11\/9\/16.1-278.8","metadata":false},{"id":67041,"structure_id":13006,"section_number":"16.1-278.8:01","catch_line":"Juveniles found delinquent of first drug offense; screening; assessment; drug tests; costs and fees; education or treatment programs","url":"\/16.1-278.8_01\/","token":"16.1\/11\/9\/16.1-278.8_01","metadata":false},{"id":74546,"structure_id":13006,"section_number":"16.1-278.9","catch_line":"Delinquent children; loss of driving privileges for alcohol, firearm, and drug offenses; truancy","url":"\/16.1-278.9\/","token":"16.1\/11\/9\/16.1-278.9","metadata":false},{"id":72132,"structure_id":13006,"section_number":"16.1-279","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/16.1-279\/","token":"16.1\/11\/9\/16.1-279","metadata":false},{"id":62456,"structure_id":13006,"section_number":"16.1-279.1","catch_line":"Protective order in cases of family abuse","url":"\/16.1-279.1\/","token":"16.1\/11\/9\/16.1-279.1","metadata":false},{"id":76101,"structure_id":13006,"section_number":"16.1-280","catch_line":"Commitment of juveniles with mental illness or intellectual disability","url":"\/16.1-280\/","token":"16.1\/11\/9\/16.1-280","metadata":false},{"id":58560,"structure_id":13006,"section_number":"16.1-281","catch_line":"Foster care plan","url":"\/16.1-281\/","token":"16.1\/11\/9\/16.1-281","metadata":false},{"id":56077,"structure_id":13006,"section_number":"16.1-282","catch_line":"Foster care review","url":"\/16.1-282\/","token":"16.1\/11\/9\/16.1-282","metadata":false},{"id":55053,"structure_id":13006,"section_number":"16.1-282.1","catch_line":"Permanency planning hearing for children in foster care","url":"\/16.1-282.1\/","token":"16.1\/11\/9\/16.1-282.1","metadata":false},{"id":56299,"structure_id":13006,"section_number":"16.1-282.2","catch_line":"Annual foster care review","url":"\/16.1-282.2\/","token":"16.1\/11\/9\/16.1-282.2","metadata":false},{"id":75076,"structure_id":13006,"section_number":"16.1-283","catch_line":"Termination of residual parental rights","url":"\/16.1-283\/","token":"16.1\/11\/9\/16.1-283","metadata":false},{"id":74001,"structure_id":13006,"section_number":"16.1-283.1","catch_line":"Authority to enter into voluntary post-adoption contact and communication agreement","url":"\/16.1-283.1\/","token":"16.1\/11\/9\/16.1-283.1","metadata":false},{"id":85194,"structure_id":13006,"section_number":"16.1-283.2","catch_line":"Restoration of parental rights","url":"\/16.1-283.2\/","token":"16.1\/11\/9\/16.1-283.2","metadata":false},{"id":55428,"structure_id":13006,"section_number":"16.1-283.3","catch_line":"Review of voluntary continuing services and support agreements for former foster youth","url":"\/16.1-283.3\/","token":"16.1\/11\/9\/16.1-283.3","metadata":false},{"id":61757,"structure_id":13006,"section_number":"16.1-284","catch_line":"When adult sentenced for juvenile offense","url":"\/16.1-284\/","token":"16.1\/11\/9\/16.1-284","metadata":false},{"id":54157,"structure_id":13006,"section_number":"16.1-284.1","catch_line":"Placement in secure local facility","url":"\/16.1-284.1\/","token":"16.1\/11\/9\/16.1-284.1","metadata":false},{"id":59506,"structure_id":13006,"section_number":"16.1-285","catch_line":"Duration of commitments","url":"\/16.1-285\/","token":"16.1\/11\/9\/16.1-285","metadata":false},{"id":75164,"structure_id":13006,"section_number":"16.1-285.1","catch_line":"Commitment of serious offenders","url":"\/16.1-285.1\/","token":"16.1\/11\/9\/16.1-285.1","metadata":false},{"id":70403,"structure_id":13006,"section_number":"16.1-285.2","catch_line":"Release and review hearing for serious offender","url":"\/16.1-285.2\/","token":"16.1\/11\/9\/16.1-285.2","metadata":false},{"id":84274,"structure_id":13006,"section_number":"16.1-286","catch_line":"Cost of maintenance; approval of placement; semiannual review","url":"\/16.1-286\/","token":"16.1\/11\/9\/16.1-286","metadata":false},{"id":78593,"structure_id":13006,"section_number":"16.1-287","catch_line":"Transfer of information upon commitment; information to be furnished by and to local school boards","url":"\/16.1-287\/","token":"16.1\/11\/9\/16.1-287","metadata":false},{"id":86549,"structure_id":13006,"section_number":"16.1-288","catch_line":"Protection of religious affiliations","url":"\/16.1-288\/","token":"16.1\/11\/9\/16.1-288","metadata":false},{"id":70444,"structure_id":13006,"section_number":"16.1-289","catch_line":"Review of order of commitment","url":"\/16.1-289\/","token":"16.1\/11\/9\/16.1-289","metadata":false},{"id":67111,"structure_id":13006,"section_number":"16.1-289.1","catch_line":"Motions to reconsider orders for participation in continuing programs","url":"\/16.1-289.1\/","token":"16.1\/11\/9\/16.1-289.1","metadata":false},{"id":65314,"structure_id":13006,"section_number":"16.1-290","catch_line":"Support of committed juvenile; support from estate of juvenile","url":"\/16.1-290\/","token":"16.1\/11\/9\/16.1-290","metadata":false},{"id":54758,"structure_id":13006,"section_number":"16.1-290.1","catch_line":"Payment for court-ordered counseling, treatment or programs","url":"\/16.1-290.1\/","token":"16.1\/11\/9\/16.1-290.1","metadata":false},{"id":66947,"structure_id":13006,"section_number":"16.1-290.2","catch_line":"Certain information to be made available to certain defendants found not guilty","url":"\/16.1-290.2\/","token":"16.1\/11\/9\/16.1-290.2","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":86609,"structure_id":13006,"section_number":"16.1-278.4","catch_line":"Children in need of services","url":"\/16.1-278.4\/","token":"16.1\/11\/9\/16.1-278.4","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":74489,"structure_id":13006,"section_number":"16.1-278.6","catch_line":"Status offenders","url":"\/16.1-278.6\/","token":"16.1\/11\/9\/16.1-278.6","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/16.1-278.5\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 1991. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 534 of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. Unfortunately, the 1991 \u201cActs\u201d aren\u2019t available online. It has been modified 3 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 1992, chapters 837 and 880; in 1996, chapter 45<\/a>; in 1997, chapter 210<\/a>.<\/p>","references":[{"id":56443,"section_number":"16.1-274","catch_line":"Time for filing of reports; copies furnished to attorneys; amended reports; fees","order_by":null,"url":"\/16.1-274\/"},{"id":58560,"section_number":"16.1-281","catch_line":"Foster care plan","order_by":null,"url":"\/16.1-281\/"},{"id":62047,"section_number":"16.1-291","catch_line":"Revocation or modification of probation, protective supervision or parole; proceedings; disposition","order_by":null,"url":"\/16.1-291\/"},{"id":63958,"section_number":"16.1-292","catch_line":"Violation of court order by any person","order_by":null,"url":"\/16.1-292\/"},{"id":54404,"section_number":"16.1-298","catch_line":"Effect of petition for or pendency of appeal; bail","order_by":null,"url":"\/16.1-298\/"},{"id":72504,"section_number":"22.1-258","catch_line":"Appointment of attendance officers; notification when pupil fails to report to school; plan; conference; court proceedings","order_by":null,"url":"\/22.1-258\/"},{"id":81264,"section_number":"22.1-265","catch_line":"Inducing children to absent themselves","order_by":null,"url":"\/22.1-265\/"},{"id":73725,"section_number":"54.1-3900","catch_line":"Practice of law; student internship program; definition","order_by":null,"url":"\/54.1-3900\/"},{"id":80427,"section_number":"63.2-906","catch_line":"Foster care plans; permissible plan goals; court review of foster children","order_by":null,"url":"\/63.2-906\/"}],"refers_to":[{"id":56443,"section_number":"16.1-274","catch_line":"Time for filing of reports; copies furnished to attorneys; amended reports; fees","order_by":null,"url":"\/16.1-274\/"},{"id":74062,"section_number":"16.1-278.19","catch_line":"Attorney fees","order_by":null,"url":"\/16.1-278.19\/"},{"id":59979,"section_number":"16.1-278.2","catch_line":"Abused, neglected, or abandoned children or children without parental care","order_by":null,"url":"\/16.1-278.2\/"},{"id":86609,"section_number":"16.1-278.4","catch_line":"Children in need of services","order_by":null,"url":"\/16.1-278.4\/"},{"id":63958,"section_number":"16.1-292","catch_line":"Violation of court order by any person","order_by":null,"url":"\/16.1-292\/"},{"id":57797,"section_number":"18.2-271.1","catch_line":"Probation, education, and rehabilitation of person charged or convicted; person convicted under law of another state or federal law","order_by":null,"url":"\/18.2-271.1\/"},{"id":77897,"section_number":"2.2-5207","catch_line":"Family assessment and planning team; membership; immunity from liability","order_by":null,"url":"\/2.2-5207\/"},{"id":64677,"section_number":"22.1-254","catch_line":"Compulsory attendance required; excuses and waivers; alternative education program attendance; exemptions from article","order_by":null,"url":"\/22.1-254\/"},{"id":60397,"section_number":"22.1-255","catch_line":"Nonresident children","order_by":null,"url":"\/22.1-255\/"},{"id":83240,"section_number":"22.1-263","catch_line":"Violation constitutes misdemeanor","order_by":null,"url":"\/22.1-263\/"},{"id":81264,"section_number":"22.1-265","catch_line":"Inducing children to absent themselves","order_by":null,"url":"\/22.1-265\/"},{"id":55064,"section_number":"22.1-267","catch_line":"Proceedings against habitually absent child","order_by":null,"url":"\/22.1-267\/"}],"permalink":{"id":161847,"object_type":"law","relational_id":62708,"identifier":"16.1-278.5","token":"16.1\/11\/9\/16.1-278.5","url":"\/16.1-278.5\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/16.1-278.5\/","token":"16.1\/11\/9\/16.1-278.5","dublin_core":{"Title":"Children in need of supervision","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 16.1-278.5","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A.<\/span> If a child is found to be in need of supervision, the court<\/span> shall, before final disposition<\/span> of the case, direct the appropriate public agency to evaluate the child’s service needs using an interdisciplinary team approach. The team shall consist of qualified personnel who are reasonably available from the appropriate department<\/span> of social services, community services<\/span> board, local school division, court service unit and other appropriate and available public and private agencies and may be the family assessment and planning team established pursuant to § 2.2-5207<\/a>. A report of the evaluation shall be filed as provided in § 16.1-274<\/a> A. In lieu of directing an evaluation be made, the court<\/span> may consider the report concerning the child of an interdisciplinary team which met not more than ninety days prior to the court<\/span>’s making a finding<\/span> that the child is in need of supervision. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> The court<\/span> may make any of the following orders<\/span> of disposition<\/span> for the supervision, care and rehabilitation of the child: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> Enter any order<\/span> of disposition<\/span> authorized by § 16.1-278.4<\/a> for a child found to be in need of services; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> Place the child on probation<\/span> under such conditions and limitations as the court<\/span> may prescribe including suspension of the child’s driver’s license upon terms and conditions which may include the issuance of a restricted license for those purposes set forth in subsection E of § 18.2-271.1<\/a>; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

3.<\/span> Order<\/span> the child and\/or his parent<\/span> to participate in such programs, cooperate in such treatment or be subject to such conditions and limitations as the court<\/span> may order<\/span> and as are designed for the rehabilitation of the child; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

4.<\/span> Require the child to participate in a public service project<\/span> under such conditions as the court<\/span> may prescribe; or <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

5.<\/span> a. Beginning July 1, 1992, in the case of any child subject to compulsory school attendance as provided in § 22.1-254<\/a>, where the court<\/span> finds that the child’s parent<\/span> is in violation of §§ 22.1-254<\/a>, 22.1-255<\/a>, 22.1-265<\/a>, or § 22.1-267<\/a>, in addition to any penalties provided in § 22.1-263<\/a> or § 22.1-265<\/a>, the court<\/span> may order the parent<\/span> with whom the child is living to participate in such programs, cooperate in such treatment, or be subject to such conditions and limitations as the court<\/span> may order and as are designed for the rehabilitation of the child and\/or the parent<\/span>. Upon the failure of the parent<\/span> to so participate or cooperate, or to comply with the conditions and limitations that the court orders<\/span>, the court<\/span> may impose a fine of not more than $100 for each day in which the person fails to comply with the court order<\/span>.\n\t\t\t\tb. If the court<\/span> finds that the parent<\/span> has willfully disobeyed a lawful process, judgment<\/span>, decree<\/span>, or court order<\/span> requiring such person to comply with the compulsory school attendance law<\/span>, in addition to any conditions or limitations that the court<\/span> may order or any penalties provided by §§ 16.1-278.2<\/a> through 16.1-278.19<\/a>, 22.1-263<\/a> or § 22.1-265<\/a>, the court<\/span> may impose the penalty<\/span> authorized by § 18.2-371<\/a>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

C.<\/span> Any order entered pursuant to this section shall be provided in writing to the child, his parent<\/span> or legal custodian, and to the child’s attorney and shall contain adequate notice of the provisions of § 16.1-292<\/a> regarding willful violation of such order. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nCHILDREN IN NEED OF SUPERVISION (\u00a7 16.1-278.5)\n\nA. If a child is found to be in need of supervision, the court shall, before\nfinal disposition of the case, direct the appropriate public agency to evaluate\nthe child’s service needs using an interdisciplinary team approach. The\nteam shall consist of qualified personnel who are reasonably available from the\nappropriate department of social services, community services board, local\nschool division, court service unit and other appropriate and available public\nand private agencies and may be the family assessment and planning team\nestablished pursuant to § 2.2-5207. A report of the evaluation shall be\nfiled as provided in § 16.1-274 A. In lieu of directing an evaluation be\nmade, the court may consider the report concerning the child of an\ninterdisciplinary team which met not more than ninety days prior to the\ncourt’s making a finding that the child is in need of supervision.\n\nB. The court may make any of the following orders of disposition for the\nsupervision, care and rehabilitation of the child:\n\n 1. Enter any order of disposition authorized by § 16.1-278.4 for a child\n found to be in need of services;\n\n 2. Place the child on probation under such conditions and limitations as the\n court may prescribe including suspension of the child’s driver’s\n license upon terms and conditions which may include the issuance of a\n restricted license for those purposes set forth in subsection E of §\n 18.2-271.1;\n\n 3. Order the child and\/or his parent to participate in such programs,\n cooperate in such treatment or be subject to such conditions and limitations\n as the court may order and as are designed for the rehabilitation of the\n child;\n\n 4. Require the child to participate in a public service project under such\n conditions as the court may prescribe; or\n\n 5. a. Beginning July 1, 1992, in the case of any child subject to compulsory\n school attendance as provided in § 22.1-254, where the court finds that\n the child’s parent is in violation of §§ 22.1-254, 22.1-255,\n 22.1-265, or § 22.1-267, in addition to any penalties provided in §\n 22.1-263 or § 22.1-265, the court may order the parent with whom the\n child is living to participate in such programs, cooperate in such treatment,\n or be subject to such conditions and limitations as the court may order and as\n are designed for the rehabilitation of the child and\/or the parent. Upon the\n failure of the parent to so participate or cooperate, or to comply with the\n conditions and limitations that the court orders, the court may impose a fine\n of not more than $100 for each day in which the person fails to comply with\n the court order.\n \t\t\t\tb. If the court finds that the parent has willfully disobeyed a lawful\n process, judgment, decree, or court order requiring such person to comply with\n the compulsory school attendance law, in addition to any conditions or\n limitations that the court may order or any penalties provided by §§\n 16.1-278.2 through 16.1-278.19, 22.1-263 or § 22.1-265, the court may\n impose the penalty authorized by § 18.2-371.\n\nC. Any order entered pursuant to this section shall be provided in writing to\nthe child, his parent or legal custodian, and to the child’s attorney and\nshall contain adequate notice of the provisions of § 16.1-292 regarding\nwillful violation of such order.\n\nHISTORY: 1991, c. 534; 1992, cc. 837, 880; 1996, c. 45; 1997, c. 210.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}