{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/16.1-345.1.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/16.1-345.1.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/16.1-345.1.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/16.1-345.1.html"}],"law_id":65738,"edition_id":1,"section_id":65738,"structure_id":12702,"section_number":"16.1-345.1","catch_line":"Use of electronic communication","history":"2005, c. 51; 2007, cc. 500, 897; 2009, cc. 455, 555; 2010, cc. 778, 825.","full_text":"A\n\nPetitions and orders for emergency custody, temporary detention, and involuntary commitment of minors pursuant to this article may be filed, issued, served, or executed by electronic means, with or without the use of two-way electronic video and audio communication, and returned in the same manner with the same force, effect, and authority as an original document. All signatures thereon shall be treated as original signatures.B\n\nAny judge may conduct proceedings pursuant to this article using any two-way electronic video and audio communication system to provide for the appearance of any parties and witnesses. Any two-way electronic video and audio communication system used to conduct a proceeding shall meet the standards set forth in subsection B of &#xA7; 19.2-3.1. When a witness whose testimony would be helpful to the conduct of the proceeding is not able to be physically present, his testimony may be received using a telephonic communication system.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":238938,"text":"Petitions and orders for emergency custody, temporary detention, and involuntary commitment of minors pursuant to this article may be filed, issued, served, or executed by electronic means, with or without the use of two-way electronic video and audio communication, and returned in the same manner with the same force, effect, and authority as an original document. All signatures thereon shall be treated as original signatures.","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"B"},"1":{"id":238939,"text":"Any judge may conduct proceedings pursuant to this article using any two-way electronic video and audio communication system to provide for the appearance of any parties and witnesses. Any two-way electronic video and audio communication system used to conduct a proceeding shall meet the standards set forth in subsection B of &#xA7; 19.2-3.1. When a witness whose testimony would be helpful to the conduct of the proceeding is not able to be physically present, his testimony may be received using a telephonic communication system.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A"}},"ancestry":[{"id":12702,"edition_id":1,"name":"Psychiatric Treatment of Minors Act","identifier":"16","label":"article","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12701,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:49","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:49","permalink":{"id":161253,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12702,"identifier":"16","token":"16.1\/11\/16","url":"\/16.1\/11\/16\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12701,"edition_id":1,"name":"Juvenile and Domestic Relations District Courts","identifier":"11","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12700,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:49","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:49","permalink":{"id":160945,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12701,"identifier":"11","token":"16.1\/11","url":"\/16.1\/11\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12700,"edition_id":1,"name":"Courts Not of Record","identifier":"16.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:49","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:49","permalink":{"id":160919,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12700,"identifier":"16.1","token":"16.1","url":"\/16.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":74549,"structure_id":12702,"section_number":"16.1-335","catch_line":"Short title","url":"\/16.1-335\/","token":"16.1\/11\/16\/16.1-335","metadata":false},{"id":80739,"structure_id":12702,"section_number":"16.1-336","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/16.1-336\/","token":"16.1\/11\/16\/16.1-336","metadata":false},{"id":64915,"structure_id":12702,"section_number":"16.1-336.1","catch_line":"Admission forms","url":"\/16.1-336.1\/","token":"16.1\/11\/16\/16.1-336.1","metadata":false},{"id":81231,"structure_id":12702,"section_number":"16.1-337","catch_line":"Inpatient treatment of minors; general applicability; disclosure of records","url":"\/16.1-337\/","token":"16.1\/11\/16\/16.1-337","metadata":false},{"id":85004,"structure_id":12702,"section_number":"16.1-337.1","catch_line":"Order of involuntary commitment or mandatory outpatient treatment forwarded to Central Criminal Records Exchange; certain voluntary admissions forwarded to Central Criminal Records Exchange; firearm background check","url":"\/16.1-337.1\/","token":"16.1\/11\/16\/16.1-337.1","metadata":false},{"id":77269,"structure_id":12702,"section_number":"16.1-338","catch_line":"Parental admission of minors younger than 14 and nonobjecting minors 14 years of age or older","url":"\/16.1-338\/","token":"16.1\/11\/16\/16.1-338","metadata":false},{"id":53935,"structure_id":12702,"section_number":"16.1-339","catch_line":"Parental admission of an objecting minor 14 years of age or older","url":"\/16.1-339\/","token":"16.1\/11\/16\/16.1-339","metadata":false},{"id":61197,"structure_id":12702,"section_number":"16.1-339.1","catch_line":"Minors in detention homes or shelter care facilities","url":"\/16.1-339.1\/","token":"16.1\/11\/16\/16.1-339.1","metadata":false},{"id":75459,"structure_id":12702,"section_number":"16.1-340","catch_line":"Emergency custody; issuance and execution of order","url":"\/16.1-340\/","token":"16.1\/11\/16\/16.1-340","metadata":false},{"id":68740,"structure_id":12702,"section_number":"16.1-340.1","catch_line":"Involuntary temporary detention; issuance and execution of order","url":"\/16.1-340.1\/","token":"16.1\/11\/16\/16.1-340.1","metadata":false},{"id":81671,"structure_id":12702,"section_number":"16.1-340.1:1","catch_line":"Facility of temporary detention","url":"\/16.1-340.1_1\/","token":"16.1\/11\/16\/16.1-340.1_1","metadata":false},{"id":85419,"structure_id":12702,"section_number":"16.1-340.2","catch_line":"Transportation of minor in the temporary detention process","url":"\/16.1-340.2\/","token":"16.1\/11\/16\/16.1-340.2","metadata":false},{"id":60394,"structure_id":12702,"section_number":"16.1-340.3","catch_line":"Release of minor prior to commitment hearing for involuntary admission","url":"\/16.1-340.3\/","token":"16.1\/11\/16\/16.1-340.3","metadata":false},{"id":80218,"structure_id":12702,"section_number":"16.1-340.4","catch_line":"Involuntary commitment; preadmission screening report","url":"\/16.1-340.4\/","token":"16.1\/11\/16\/16.1-340.4","metadata":false},{"id":80409,"structure_id":12702,"section_number":"16.1-341","catch_line":"Involuntary commitment; petition; hearing scheduled; notice and appointment of counsel","url":"\/16.1-341\/","token":"16.1\/11\/16\/16.1-341","metadata":false},{"id":86415,"structure_id":12702,"section_number":"16.1-342","catch_line":"Involuntary commitment; clinical evaluation","url":"\/16.1-342\/","token":"16.1\/11\/16\/16.1-342","metadata":false},{"id":81468,"structure_id":12702,"section_number":"16.1-343","catch_line":"Involuntary commitment; duties of attorney for the minor","url":"\/16.1-343\/","token":"16.1\/11\/16\/16.1-343","metadata":false},{"id":56572,"structure_id":12702,"section_number":"16.1-344","catch_line":"Involuntary commitment; hearing","url":"\/16.1-344\/","token":"16.1\/11\/16\/16.1-344","metadata":false},{"id":58318,"structure_id":12702,"section_number":"16.1-345","catch_line":"Involuntary commitment; criteria","url":"\/16.1-345\/","token":"16.1\/11\/16\/16.1-345","metadata":false},{"id":65738,"structure_id":12702,"section_number":"16.1-345.1","catch_line":"Use of electronic communication","url":"\/16.1-345.1\/","token":"16.1\/11\/16\/16.1-345.1","metadata":false},{"id":86950,"structure_id":12702,"section_number":"16.1-345.2","catch_line":"Mandatory outpatient treatment; criteria; orders","url":"\/16.1-345.2\/","token":"16.1\/11\/16\/16.1-345.2","metadata":false},{"id":64056,"structure_id":12702,"section_number":"16.1-345.3","catch_line":"Monitoring mandatory outpatient treatment; motion for review","url":"\/16.1-345.3\/","token":"16.1\/11\/16\/16.1-345.3","metadata":false},{"id":63926,"structure_id":12702,"section_number":"16.1-345.4","catch_line":"Court review of mandatory outpatient treatment plan","url":"\/16.1-345.4\/","token":"16.1\/11\/16\/16.1-345.4","metadata":false},{"id":71978,"structure_id":12702,"section_number":"16.1-345.5","catch_line":"Continuation of mandatory outpatient treatment order","url":"\/16.1-345.5\/","token":"16.1\/11\/16\/16.1-345.5","metadata":false},{"id":59197,"structure_id":12702,"section_number":"16.1-345.6","catch_line":"Appeal of final order","url":"\/16.1-345.6\/","token":"16.1\/11\/16\/16.1-345.6","metadata":false},{"id":58903,"structure_id":12702,"section_number":"16.1-346","catch_line":"Treatment plans; periodic review of status","url":"\/16.1-346\/","token":"16.1\/11\/16\/16.1-346","metadata":false},{"id":63455,"structure_id":12702,"section_number":"16.1-346.1","catch_line":"Discharge plan","url":"\/16.1-346.1\/","token":"16.1\/11\/16\/16.1-346.1","metadata":false},{"id":57843,"structure_id":12702,"section_number":"16.1-347","catch_line":"Fees and expenses for qualified evaluators","url":"\/16.1-347\/","token":"16.1\/11\/16\/16.1-347","metadata":false},{"id":62629,"structure_id":12702,"section_number":"16.1-348","catch_line":"Availability of judge","url":"\/16.1-348\/","token":"16.1\/11\/16\/16.1-348","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":58318,"structure_id":12702,"section_number":"16.1-345","catch_line":"Involuntary commitment; criteria","url":"\/16.1-345\/","token":"16.1\/11\/16\/16.1-345","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":86950,"structure_id":12702,"section_number":"16.1-345.2","catch_line":"Mandatory outpatient treatment; criteria; orders","url":"\/16.1-345.2\/","token":"16.1\/11\/16\/16.1-345.2","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/16.1-345.1\/","history_text":"<p>This law was first created in 2005. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?051+ful+CHAP0051\">51<\/a> of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. It has been modified 3 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 2007, chapters <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?071+ful+CHAP0500\">500<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?071+ful+CHAP0897\">897<\/a>; in 2009, chapters <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?091+ful+CHAP0455\">455<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?091+ful+CHAP0555\">555<\/a>; in 2010, chapters <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?101+ful+CHAP0778\">778<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?101+ful+CHAP0825\">825<\/a>.<\/p>","references":[{"id":68740,"section_number":"16.1-340.1","catch_line":"Involuntary temporary detention; issuance and execution of order","order_by":null,"url":"\/16.1-340.1\/"},{"id":86415,"section_number":"16.1-342","catch_line":"Involuntary commitment; clinical evaluation","order_by":null,"url":"\/16.1-342\/"},{"id":56572,"section_number":"16.1-344","catch_line":"Involuntary commitment; hearing","order_by":null,"url":"\/16.1-344\/"}],"refers_to":[{"id":84637,"section_number":"19.2-3.1","catch_line":"Personal appearance by two-way electronic video and audio communication; standards","order_by":null,"url":"\/19.2-3.1\/"}],"permalink":{"id":161331,"object_type":"law","relational_id":65738,"identifier":"16.1-345.1","token":"16.1\/11\/16\/16.1-345.1","url":"\/16.1-345.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/16.1-345.1\/","token":"16.1\/11\/16\/16.1-345.1","dublin_core":{"Title":"Use of electronic communication","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 16.1-345.1","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"A\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">A.<\/span> <span class=\"dictionary\">Petitions<\/span> and <span class=\"dictionary\">orders<\/span> for emergency <span class=\"dictionary\">custody<\/span>, temporary detention, and involuntary commitment of <span class=\"dictionary\">minors<\/span> pursuant to this article may be filed, issued, served, or executed by electronic means, with or without the use of two-way electronic video and audio communication, and returned in the same manner with the same force, effect, and authority as an original document. All signatures thereon shall be treated as original signatures. <a id=\"paragraph-238938\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/16.1-345.1\/#A\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"B\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">B.<\/span> Any <span class=\"dictionary\">judge<\/span> may conduct proceedings pursuant to this article using any two-way electronic video and audio communication system to provide for the <span class=\"dictionary\">appearance<\/span> of any parties and witnesses. Any two-way electronic video and audio communication system used to conduct a proceeding shall meet the standards set forth in subsection B of &#xA7; <a class=\"law\" title=\"Personal appearance by two-way electronic video and audio communication; standards\" href=\"\/19.2-3.1\/\">19.2-3.1<\/a>. When a <span class=\"dictionary\">witness<\/span> whose <span class=\"dictionary\">testimony<\/span> would be helpful to the conduct of the proceeding is not able to be physically present, his <span class=\"dictionary\">testimony<\/span> may be received using a telephonic communication system. <a id=\"paragraph-238939\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/16.1-345.1\/#B\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":"                                 CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nUSE OF ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATION (\u00a7 16.1-345.1)\n\nA. Petitions and orders for emergency custody, temporary detention, and\ninvoluntary commitment of minors pursuant to this article may be filed, issued,\nserved, or executed by electronic means, with or without the use of two-way\nelectronic video and audio communication, and returned in the same manner with\nthe same force, effect, and authority as an original document. All signatures\nthereon shall be treated as original signatures.\n\nB. Any judge may conduct proceedings pursuant to this article using any two-way\nelectronic video and audio communication system to provide for the appearance of\nany parties and witnesses. Any two-way electronic video and audio communication\nsystem used to conduct a proceeding shall meet the standards set forth in\nsubsection B of &#xA7; 19.2-3.1. When a witness whose testimony would be helpful\nto the conduct of the proceeding is not able to be physically present, his\ntestimony may be received using a telephonic communication system.\n\nHISTORY: 2005, c. 51; 2007, cc. 500, 897; 2009, cc. 455, 555; 2010, cc. 778,\n825.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}