{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/16.1-69.18.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/16.1-69.18.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/16.1-69.18.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/16.1-69.18.html"}],"law_id":75117,"edition_id":1,"section_id":75117,"structure_id":14202,"section_number":"16.1-69.18","catch_line":"Bonds of judges, clerks, and others handling funds","history":"1972, c. 708; 1973, c. 546; 1974, c. 3; 1975, c. 334; 2002, c. 406.","full_text":"Before entering upon the performance of his duties every judge, substitute judge, clerk, deputy clerk or other officer or employee of a district court shall enter into bond before the clerk of a circuit court to which appeals from his court lie, except as hereinafter provided. The bond shall be in a penalty and with corporate surety approved by the judge of such appellate court. No such bond shall be in a penalty of less than $3,000, nor more than $75,000, and all such bonds shall be conditioned for the faithful performance of the duties of the principal. The bonds shall be made payable to the Commonwealth and shall be filed with the clerk of such appellate court. Provided, however, that instead of specific bonds being given as stipulated herein, the Committee on District Courts may in their discretion procure faithful performance of duty blanket bonds for any or all of the districts enumerated in \u00a7 16.1-69.6 covering the judges, substitute judges, clerks and other personnel of the several district courts included in such districts and within the penalty limits contained in this section, unless in the discretion of the Committee, bonds with a larger maximum penalty should be obtained. Provided further, that in those instances where specific bonds for judges, clerks, deputy clerks or other officers or employees of a district court are in effect, the Committee on District Courts may, whenever they deem it advisable, terminate such specific bonds upon obtaining a blanket bond covering such court personnel with appropriate refund or credit being made for the unearned premiums on the specific bonds being terminated. A copy of any such blanket bond so procured shall be filed with the Division of Risk Management within the Department of Treasury and with the clerk of the respective circuit courts to which appeals from the decisions of the several district courts may lie. The premiums for such bonds shall be paid by the Commonwealth.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":269805,"text":"Before entering upon the performance of his duties every judge, substitute judge, clerk, deputy clerk or other officer or employee of a district court shall enter into bond before the clerk of a circuit court to which appeals from his court lie, except as hereinafter provided. The bond shall be in a penalty and with corporate surety approved by the judge of such appellate court. No such bond shall be in a penalty of less than $3,000, nor more than $75,000, and all such bonds shall be conditioned for the faithful performance of the duties of the principal. The bonds shall be made payable to the Commonwealth and shall be filed with the clerk of such appellate court. Provided, however, that instead of specific bonds being given as stipulated herein, the Committee on District Courts may in their discretion procure faithful performance of duty blanket bonds for any or all of the districts enumerated in \u00a7 16.1-69.6 covering the judges, substitute judges, clerks and other personnel of the several district courts included in such districts and within the penalty limits contained in this section, unless in the discretion of the Committee, bonds with a larger maximum penalty should be obtained. Provided further, that in those instances where specific bonds for judges, clerks, deputy clerks or other officers or employees of a district court are in effect, the Committee on District Courts may, whenever they deem it advisable, terminate such specific bonds upon obtaining a blanket bond covering such court personnel with appropriate refund or credit being made for the unearned premiums on the specific bonds being terminated. A copy of any such blanket bond so procured shall be filed with the Division of Risk Management within the Department of Treasury and with the clerk of the respective circuit courts to which appeals from the decisions of the several district courts may lie. The premiums for such bonds shall be paid by the Commonwealth.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1}},"ancestry":[{"id":14202,"edition_id":1,"name":"Districts; District Courts and Judges","identifier":"2","label":"article","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13142,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:47:16","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:47:16","permalink":{"id":162017,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":14202,"identifier":"2","token":"16.1\/4.1\/2","url":"\/16.1\/4.1\/2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13142,"edition_id":1,"name":"District Courts","identifier":"4.1","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12700,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:21","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:21","permalink":{"id":161993,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13142,"identifier":"4.1","token":"16.1\/4.1","url":"\/16.1\/4.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12700,"edition_id":1,"name":"Courts Not of Record","identifier":"16.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:49","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:49","permalink":{"id":160919,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12700,"identifier":"16.1","token":"16.1","url":"\/16.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":74896,"structure_id":14202,"section_number":"16.1-69.10","catch_line":"Number of judges","url":"\/16.1-69.10\/","token":"16.1\/4.1\/2\/16.1-69.10","metadata":false},{"id":60380,"structure_id":14202,"section_number":"16.1-69.11","catch_line":"Chief judges; judges; substitute judges","url":"\/16.1-69.11\/","token":"16.1\/4.1\/2\/16.1-69.11","metadata":false},{"id":64952,"structure_id":14202,"section_number":"16.1-69.11:1","catch_line":"Acting chief judge","url":"\/16.1-69.11_1\/","token":"16.1\/4.1\/2\/16.1-69.11_1","metadata":false},{"id":68000,"structure_id":14202,"section_number":"16.1-69.12","catch_line":"Limitations on practice of law by judges","url":"\/16.1-69.12\/","token":"16.1\/4.1\/2\/16.1-69.12","metadata":false},{"id":71972,"structure_id":14202,"section_number":"16.1-69.13","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/16.1-69.13\/","token":"16.1\/4.1\/2\/16.1-69.13","metadata":false},{"id":69501,"structure_id":14202,"section_number":"16.1-69.14","catch_line":"Number of substitute judges","url":"\/16.1-69.14\/","token":"16.1\/4.1\/2\/16.1-69.14","metadata":false},{"id":61440,"structure_id":14202,"section_number":"16.1-69.15","catch_line":"Qualifications of judges","url":"\/16.1-69.15\/","token":"16.1\/4.1\/2\/16.1-69.15","metadata":false},{"id":78824,"structure_id":14202,"section_number":"16.1-69.16","catch_line":"Residence requirements","url":"\/16.1-69.16\/","token":"16.1\/4.1\/2\/16.1-69.16","metadata":false},{"id":83141,"structure_id":14202,"section_number":"16.1-69.17","catch_line":"Oath of office of judges, clerks and others","url":"\/16.1-69.17\/","token":"16.1\/4.1\/2\/16.1-69.17","metadata":false},{"id":86003,"structure_id":14202,"section_number":"16.1-69.17:1","catch_line":"Time within which a judge may qualify; failure to do so vacates office","url":"\/16.1-69.17_1\/","token":"16.1\/4.1\/2\/16.1-69.17_1","metadata":false},{"id":75117,"structure_id":14202,"section_number":"16.1-69.18","catch_line":"Bonds of judges, clerks, and others handling funds","url":"\/16.1-69.18\/","token":"16.1\/4.1\/2\/16.1-69.18","metadata":false},{"id":84267,"structure_id":14202,"section_number":"16.1-69.19","catch_line":"Incompatible offices","url":"\/16.1-69.19\/","token":"16.1\/4.1\/2\/16.1-69.19","metadata":false},{"id":73339,"structure_id":14202,"section_number":"16.1-69.20","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/16.1-69.20\/","token":"16.1\/4.1\/2\/16.1-69.20","metadata":false},{"id":65832,"structure_id":14202,"section_number":"16.1-69.21","catch_line":"When substitute to serve; his powers and duties","url":"\/16.1-69.21\/","token":"16.1\/4.1\/2\/16.1-69.21","metadata":false},{"id":58346,"structure_id":14202,"section_number":"16.1-69.22","catch_line":"Removal of judges and substitute judges","url":"\/16.1-69.22\/","token":"16.1\/4.1\/2\/16.1-69.22","metadata":false},{"id":66141,"structure_id":14202,"section_number":"16.1-69.22:1","catch_line":"Temporary recall of retired district court judges; evaluation","url":"\/16.1-69.22_1\/","token":"16.1\/4.1\/2\/16.1-69.22_1","metadata":false},{"id":56292,"structure_id":14202,"section_number":"16.1-69.23","catch_line":"In what cases judge disqualified","url":"\/16.1-69.23\/","token":"16.1\/4.1\/2\/16.1-69.23","metadata":false},{"id":66542,"structure_id":14202,"section_number":"16.1-69.24","catch_line":"Contempt of court","url":"\/16.1-69.24\/","token":"16.1\/4.1\/2\/16.1-69.24","metadata":false},{"id":66287,"structure_id":14202,"section_number":"16.1-69.25","catch_line":"Judge may issue warrants, summons, and subpoenas","url":"\/16.1-69.25\/","token":"16.1\/4.1\/2\/16.1-69.25","metadata":false},{"id":79351,"structure_id":14202,"section_number":"16.1-69.25:1","catch_line":"Judge shall order bill of particulars; time for motion","url":"\/16.1-69.25_1\/","token":"16.1\/4.1\/2\/16.1-69.25_1","metadata":false},{"id":82607,"structure_id":14202,"section_number":"16.1-69.26","catch_line":"Judges as conservators of the peace","url":"\/16.1-69.26\/","token":"16.1\/4.1\/2\/16.1-69.26","metadata":false},{"id":80094,"structure_id":14202,"section_number":"16.1-69.27","catch_line":"Additional powers of judges","url":"\/16.1-69.27\/","token":"16.1\/4.1\/2\/16.1-69.27","metadata":false},{"id":60852,"structure_id":14202,"section_number":"16.1-69.28","catch_line":"Commitment of insane, etc., persons","url":"\/16.1-69.28\/","token":"16.1\/4.1\/2\/16.1-69.28","metadata":false},{"id":55391,"structure_id":14202,"section_number":"16.1-69.29","catch_line":"Jurisdiction over certain waters","url":"\/16.1-69.29\/","token":"16.1\/4.1\/2\/16.1-69.29","metadata":false},{"id":70053,"structure_id":14202,"section_number":"16.1-69.29:1","catch_line":"Certain information to be made available to certain defendants found not guilty","url":"\/16.1-69.29_1\/","token":"16.1\/4.1\/2\/16.1-69.29_1","metadata":false},{"id":65606,"structure_id":14202,"section_number":"16.1-69.6","catch_line":"Establishment of districts","url":"\/16.1-69.6\/","token":"16.1\/4.1\/2\/16.1-69.6","metadata":false},{"id":83634,"structure_id":14202,"section_number":"16.1-69.6:1","catch_line":"Number of judges","url":"\/16.1-69.6_1\/","token":"16.1\/4.1\/2\/16.1-69.6_1","metadata":false},{"id":65834,"structure_id":14202,"section_number":"16.1-69.7","catch_line":"District courts","url":"\/16.1-69.7\/","token":"16.1\/4.1\/2\/16.1-69.7","metadata":false},{"id":83975,"structure_id":14202,"section_number":"16.1-69.7:1","catch_line":"Establishment of certain district courts","url":"\/16.1-69.7_1\/","token":"16.1\/4.1\/2\/16.1-69.7_1","metadata":false},{"id":80456,"structure_id":14202,"section_number":"16.1-69.8","catch_line":"Existing courts continued and redesignated; exception","url":"\/16.1-69.8\/","token":"16.1\/4.1\/2\/16.1-69.8","metadata":false},{"id":75903,"structure_id":14202,"section_number":"16.1-69.9","catch_line":"Judges in office continued; terms of judges; how elected or appointed","url":"\/16.1-69.9\/","token":"16.1\/4.1\/2\/16.1-69.9","metadata":false},{"id":81797,"structure_id":14202,"section_number":"16.1-69.9:1","catch_line":"Appointment, terms, etc., of substitute judges","url":"\/16.1-69.9_1\/","token":"16.1\/4.1\/2\/16.1-69.9_1","metadata":false},{"id":68869,"structure_id":14202,"section_number":"16.1-69.9:2","catch_line":"Vacancies in office of judges; terms of successor judges; appointment while General Assembly not in session","url":"\/16.1-69.9_2\/","token":"16.1\/4.1\/2\/16.1-69.9_2","metadata":false},{"id":72210,"structure_id":14202,"section_number":"16.1-69.9:3","catch_line":"Investigation and certification of necessity before vacancies filled","url":"\/16.1-69.9_3\/","token":"16.1\/4.1\/2\/16.1-69.9_3","metadata":false},{"id":82678,"structure_id":14202,"section_number":"16.1-69.9:4","catch_line":"Same; election of successor judges","url":"\/16.1-69.9_4\/","token":"16.1\/4.1\/2\/16.1-69.9_4","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":86003,"structure_id":14202,"section_number":"16.1-69.17:1","catch_line":"Time within which a judge may qualify; failure to do so vacates office","url":"\/16.1-69.17_1\/","token":"16.1\/4.1\/2\/16.1-69.17_1","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":84267,"structure_id":14202,"section_number":"16.1-69.19","catch_line":"Incompatible offices","url":"\/16.1-69.19\/","token":"16.1\/4.1\/2\/16.1-69.19","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/16.1-69.18\/","history_text":"<p>This law was first created in 1972. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 708 of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. Unfortunately, the 1972 \u201cActs\u201d aren\u2019t available online. It has been modified 4 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 1973, chapter 546; in 1974, chapter 3; in 1975, chapter 334; in 2002, chapter <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?021+ful+CHAP0406\">406<\/a>.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":[{"id":65606,"section_number":"16.1-69.6","catch_line":"Establishment of districts","order_by":null,"url":"\/16.1-69.6\/"}],"permalink":{"id":162059,"object_type":"law","relational_id":75117,"identifier":"16.1-69.18","token":"16.1\/4.1\/2\/16.1-69.18","url":"\/16.1-69.18\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/16.1-69.18\/","token":"16.1\/4.1\/2\/16.1-69.18","dublin_core":{"Title":"Bonds of judges, clerks, and others handling funds","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 16.1-69.18","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section><p>Before entering upon the performance of his duties every <span class=\"dictionary\">judge<\/span>, substitute <span class=\"dictionary\">judge<\/span>, clerk, deputy clerk or other officer or employee of a district <span class=\"dictionary\">court<\/span> shall enter into <span class=\"dictionary\">bond<\/span> before the clerk of a <span class=\"dictionary\">circuit<\/span> <span class=\"dictionary\">court<\/span> to which <span class=\"dictionary\">appeals<\/span> from his <span class=\"dictionary\">court<\/span> lie, except as hereinafter provided. The <span class=\"dictionary\">bond<\/span> shall be in a <span class=\"dictionary\">penalty<\/span> and with corporate <span class=\"dictionary\">surety<\/span> approved by the <span class=\"dictionary\">judge<\/span> of such <span class=\"dictionary\">appellate<\/span> <span class=\"dictionary\">court<\/span>. No such <span class=\"dictionary\">bond<\/span> shall be in a <span class=\"dictionary\">penalty<\/span> of less than $3,000, nor more than $75,000, and all such <span class=\"dictionary\">bonds<\/span> shall be conditioned for the faithful performance of the duties of the principal. The <span class=\"dictionary\">bonds<\/span> shall be made payable to the Commonwealth and shall be filed with the clerk of such <span class=\"dictionary\">appellate<\/span> <span class=\"dictionary\">court<\/span>. Provided, however, that instead of specific <span class=\"dictionary\">bonds<\/span> being given as stipulated herein, the Committee on District <span class=\"dictionary\">Courts<\/span> may in their discretion procure faithful performance of duty blanket <span class=\"dictionary\">bonds<\/span> for any or all of the districts enumerated in \u00a7&nbsp;<a class=\"law\" title=\"Establishment of districts\" href=\"\/16.1-69.6\/\">16.1-69.6<\/a> covering the <span class=\"dictionary\">judges<\/span>, substitute <span class=\"dictionary\">judges<\/span>, clerks and other personnel of the several district <span class=\"dictionary\">courts<\/span> included in such districts and within the <span class=\"dictionary\">penalty<\/span> limits contained in this section, unless in the discretion of the Committee, <span class=\"dictionary\">bonds<\/span> with a larger maximum <span class=\"dictionary\">penalty<\/span> should be obtained. Provided further, that in those instances where specific <span class=\"dictionary\">bonds<\/span> for <span class=\"dictionary\">judges<\/span>, clerks, deputy clerks or other officers or employees of a district <span class=\"dictionary\">court<\/span> are in effect, the Committee on District <span class=\"dictionary\">Courts<\/span> may, whenever they deem it advisable, terminate such specific <span class=\"dictionary\">bonds<\/span> upon obtaining a blanket <span class=\"dictionary\">bond<\/span> covering such <span class=\"dictionary\">court<\/span> personnel with appropriate refund or credit being made for the unearned premiums on the specific <span class=\"dictionary\">bonds<\/span> being terminated. A copy of any such blanket <span class=\"dictionary\">bond<\/span> so procured shall be filed with the Division of Risk Management within the Department of Treasury and with the clerk of the respective <span class=\"dictionary\">circuit<\/span> <span class=\"dictionary\">courts<\/span> to which <span class=\"dictionary\">appeals<\/span> from the decisions of the several district <span class=\"dictionary\">courts<\/span> may lie. The premiums for such <span class=\"dictionary\">bonds<\/span> shall be paid by the Commonwealth.<\/p><\/section>","plain_text":"                                 CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nBONDS OF JUDGES, CLERKS, AND OTHERS HANDLING FUNDS (\u00a7 16.1-69.18)\n\nBefore entering upon the performance of his duties every judge, substitute\njudge, clerk, deputy clerk or other officer or employee of a district court\nshall enter into bond before the clerk of a circuit court to which appeals from\nhis court lie, except as hereinafter provided. The bond shall be in a penalty\nand with corporate surety approved by the judge of such appellate court. No such\nbond shall be in a penalty of less than $3,000, nor more than $75,000, and all\nsuch bonds shall be conditioned for the faithful performance of the duties of\nthe principal. The bonds shall be made payable to the Commonwealth and shall be\nfiled with the clerk of such appellate court. Provided, however, that instead of\nspecific bonds being given as stipulated herein, the Committee on District\nCourts may in their discretion procure faithful performance of duty blanket\nbonds for any or all of the districts enumerated in \u00a7 16.1-69.6 covering the\njudges, substitute judges, clerks and other personnel of the several district\ncourts included in such districts and within the penalty limits contained in\nthis section, unless in the discretion of the Committee, bonds with a larger\nmaximum penalty should be obtained. Provided further, that in those instances\nwhere specific bonds for judges, clerks, deputy clerks or other officers or\nemployees of a district court are in effect, the Committee on District Courts\nmay, whenever they deem it advisable, terminate such specific bonds upon\nobtaining a blanket bond covering such court personnel with appropriate refund\nor credit being made for the unearned premiums on the specific bonds being\nterminated. A copy of any such blanket bond so procured shall be filed with the\nDivision of Risk Management within the Department of Treasury and with the clerk\nof the respective circuit courts to which appeals from the decisions of the\nseveral district courts may lie. The premiums for such bonds shall be paid by\nthe Commonwealth.\n\nHISTORY: 1972, c. 708; 1973, c. 546; 1974, c. 3; 1975, c. 334; 2002, c. 406.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}