{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/17.1-124.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/17.1-124.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/17.1-124.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/17.1-124.html"}],"law_id":75584,"edition_id":1,"section_id":75584,"structure_id":13578,"section_number":"17.1-124","catch_line":"Order books; automated systems","history":"1926, p. 750, \u00a7 17-28; 1932, p. 765; 1936, p. 557; Michie Code 1942, \u00a7 5962a; 1962, c. 233; 1973, c. 9; 1974, c. 524; 1990, c. 258; 1997, c. 801; 1998, c. 872; 2005, c. 681; 2007, c. 567; 2010, cc. 717, 760; 2014, c. 460; 2017, c. 35.","full_text":"Except as otherwise provided herein, each circuit court clerk shall keep order books or, in lieu thereof, an automated system recording all proceedings, orders and judgments of the court in all matters, all decrees, and decretal orders of such court and all matters pertaining to trusts, the appointment and qualification of trustees, committees, administrators, executors, conservators and guardians shall be recorded, except when the same are appointed by the clerk of court, in which event the order appointing such administrators or executors, shall be made and entered in the clerk&#8217;s order book. In any circuit court, the clerk may, with the approval of the chief judge of the court, by order entered of record, divide the order book into two sections, to be known as the civil order book and the criminal order book. All (i) proceedings, orders, and judgments of the court in all matters at civil law and (ii) trust fund orders, which shall include money held by a general receiver of the court pursuant to \u00a7 8.01-582 or by the clerk of the circuit court pursuant to \u00a7 8.01-600, shall be recorded in the civil order book, and all proceedings, orders and judgments of the court in all matters at criminal law shall be recorded in the criminal order book. In any proceeding brought for the condemnation of property, all proceedings, orders, judgments and decrees of the court shall be recorded in the civil order book of the court. The recordation prior to January 1, 1974, of all proceedings, orders, judgments and decrees in such cases, whether entered in the common-law order book or the chancery order book of any court, is hereby declared a valid and proper recordation of the same. Orders in cases appealed from the juvenile and domestic relations district courts shall be maintained as provided in this section and, to the extent inconsistent with this section, \u00a7 16.1-302.\n\t\tThe clerk shall ensure that these order books have been microfilmed or converted to or created in an electronic format. Such microfilm and microphotographic processes and equipment shall meet state microfilm standards, and such electronic format shall follow state electronic records guidelines, pursuant to \u00a7 42.1-82. The clerk shall further provide the master reel of any such microfilm for storage in the Library of Virginia and shall provide for the secured, off-site back up of any electronic copies of such records.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":271514,"text":"Except as otherwise provided herein, each circuit court clerk shall keep order books or, in lieu thereof, an automated system recording all proceedings, orders and judgments of the court in all matters, all decrees, and decretal orders of such court and all matters pertaining to trusts, the appointment and qualification of trustees, committees, administrators, executors, conservators and guardians shall be recorded, except when the same are appointed by the clerk of court, in which event the order appointing such administrators or executors, shall be made and entered in the clerk&#8217;s order book. In any circuit court, the clerk may, with the approval of the chief judge of the court, by order entered of record, divide the order book into two sections, to be known as the civil order book and the criminal order book. All (i) proceedings, orders, and judgments of the court in all matters at civil law and (ii) trust fund orders, which shall include money held by a general receiver of the court pursuant to \u00a7 8.01-582 or by the clerk of the circuit court pursuant to \u00a7 8.01-600, shall be recorded in the civil order book, and all proceedings, orders and judgments of the court in all matters at criminal law shall be recorded in the criminal order book. In any proceeding brought for the condemnation of property, all proceedings, orders, judgments and decrees of the court shall be recorded in the civil order book of the court. The recordation prior to January 1, 1974, of all proceedings, orders, judgments and decrees in such cases, whether entered in the common-law order book or the chancery order book of any court, is hereby declared a valid and proper recordation of the same. Orders in cases appealed from the juvenile and domestic relations district courts shall be maintained as provided in this section and, to the extent inconsistent with this section, \u00a7 16.1-302.\n\t\tThe clerk shall ensure that these order books have been microfilmed or converted to or created in an electronic format. Such microfilm and microphotographic processes and equipment shall meet state microfilm standards, and such electronic format shall follow state electronic records guidelines, pursuant to \u00a7 42.1-82. The clerk shall further provide the master reel of any such microfilm for storage in the Library of Virginia and shall provide for the secured, off-site back up of any electronic copies of such records.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1}},"ancestry":[{"id":13578,"edition_id":1,"name":"General Provisions","identifier":"1","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12766,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:45:18","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:45:18","permalink":{"id":162801,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13578,"identifier":"1","token":"17.1\/1","url":"\/17.1\/1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12766,"edition_id":1,"name":"Courts of Record","identifier":"17.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:52","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:52","permalink":{"id":162799,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12766,"identifier":"17.1","token":"17.1","url":"\/17.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":55876,"structure_id":13578,"section_number":"17.1-100","catch_line":"Judicial performance evaluation program","url":"\/17.1-100\/","token":"17.1\/1\/17.1-100","metadata":false},{"id":63741,"structure_id":13578,"section_number":"17.1-101","catch_line":"Time within which a judge may qualify; failure vacates office","url":"\/17.1-101\/","token":"17.1\/1\/17.1-101","metadata":false},{"id":56802,"structure_id":13578,"section_number":"17.1-102","catch_line":"Justices and judges not permitted to practice law or seek or hold elective or other office","url":"\/17.1-102\/","token":"17.1\/1\/17.1-102","metadata":false},{"id":83655,"structure_id":13578,"section_number":"17.1-103","catch_line":"Residence requirements of judges","url":"\/17.1-103\/","token":"17.1\/1\/17.1-103","metadata":false},{"id":64488,"structure_id":13578,"section_number":"17.1-104","catch_line":"In election by court, votes to be recorded","url":"\/17.1-104\/","token":"17.1\/1\/17.1-104","metadata":false},{"id":59242,"structure_id":13578,"section_number":"17.1-105","catch_line":"Designation of judges to hold courts and assist other judges","url":"\/17.1-105\/","token":"17.1\/1\/17.1-105","metadata":false},{"id":63334,"structure_id":13578,"section_number":"17.1-106","catch_line":"Temporary recall of retired judges; evaluation","url":"\/17.1-106\/","token":"17.1\/1\/17.1-106","metadata":false},{"id":66613,"structure_id":13578,"section_number":"17.1-107","catch_line":"Designation of judge to assist regular judge holding case under advisement for unreasonable length of time","url":"\/17.1-107\/","token":"17.1\/1\/17.1-107","metadata":false},{"id":55475,"structure_id":13578,"section_number":"17.1-108","catch_line":"Reserved","url":"\/17.1-108\/","token":"17.1\/1\/17.1-108","metadata":false},{"id":83943,"structure_id":13578,"section_number":"17.1-109","catch_line":"Judges pro tempore","url":"\/17.1-109\/","token":"17.1\/1\/17.1-109","metadata":false},{"id":71265,"structure_id":13578,"section_number":"17.1-110","catch_line":"Their appointment and powers","url":"\/17.1-110\/","token":"17.1\/1\/17.1-110","metadata":false},{"id":74918,"structure_id":13578,"section_number":"17.1-111","catch_line":"Compensation","url":"\/17.1-111\/","token":"17.1\/1\/17.1-111","metadata":false},{"id":56504,"structure_id":13578,"section_number":"17.1-112","catch_line":"Sheriff to attend court as its officer","url":"\/17.1-112\/","token":"17.1\/1\/17.1-112","metadata":false},{"id":62243,"structure_id":13578,"section_number":"17.1-113","catch_line":"Places of holding courts; certain orders and decrees entered elsewhere","url":"\/17.1-113\/","token":"17.1\/1\/17.1-113","metadata":false},{"id":72405,"structure_id":13578,"section_number":"17.1-114","catch_line":"When and how changed","url":"\/17.1-114\/","token":"17.1\/1\/17.1-114","metadata":false},{"id":64583,"structure_id":13578,"section_number":"17.1-115","catch_line":"How order or warrant making change posted","url":"\/17.1-115\/","token":"17.1\/1\/17.1-115","metadata":false},{"id":72302,"structure_id":13578,"section_number":"17.1-116","catch_line":"Change of place or time for holding session of Supreme Court","url":"\/17.1-116\/","token":"17.1\/1\/17.1-116","metadata":false},{"id":80525,"structure_id":13578,"section_number":"17.1-117","catch_line":"Certain acts of courts held at improper places confirmed","url":"\/17.1-117\/","token":"17.1\/1\/17.1-117","metadata":false},{"id":79848,"structure_id":13578,"section_number":"17.1-118","catch_line":"Display of flags in courtrooms","url":"\/17.1-118\/","token":"17.1\/1\/17.1-118","metadata":false},{"id":69699,"structure_id":13578,"section_number":"17.1-119","catch_line":"Courts may adjourn for a period not exceeding thirty days","url":"\/17.1-119\/","token":"17.1\/1\/17.1-119","metadata":false},{"id":55532,"structure_id":13578,"section_number":"17.1-120","catch_line":"Adjournment from day to day; effect of failure to sit on day to which adjourned","url":"\/17.1-120\/","token":"17.1\/1\/17.1-120","metadata":false},{"id":58667,"structure_id":13578,"section_number":"17.1-121","catch_line":"Effect of change of time or place of court or failure to sit generally","url":"\/17.1-121\/","token":"17.1\/1\/17.1-121","metadata":false},{"id":72420,"structure_id":13578,"section_number":"17.1-122","catch_line":"Matters not determined to stand continued","url":"\/17.1-122\/","token":"17.1\/1\/17.1-122","metadata":false},{"id":85606,"structure_id":13578,"section_number":"17.1-123","catch_line":"How orders are recorded and signed","url":"\/17.1-123\/","token":"17.1\/1\/17.1-123","metadata":false},{"id":75584,"structure_id":13578,"section_number":"17.1-124","catch_line":"Order books; automated systems","url":"\/17.1-124\/","token":"17.1\/1\/17.1-124","metadata":false},{"id":61775,"structure_id":13578,"section_number":"17.1-125","catch_line":"Civil order book","url":"\/17.1-125\/","token":"17.1\/1\/17.1-125","metadata":false},{"id":74248,"structure_id":13578,"section_number":"17.1-126","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/17.1-126\/","token":"17.1\/1\/17.1-126","metadata":false},{"id":63838,"structure_id":13578,"section_number":"17.1-128","catch_line":"Recording evidence and incidents of trial in certain civil cases and cost thereof; cost of transcripts; preservation of original notes or records; certified transcript prima facie correct","url":"\/17.1-128\/","token":"17.1\/1\/17.1-128","metadata":false},{"id":74087,"structure_id":13578,"section_number":"17.1-128.1","catch_line":"Recording evidence and incidents of trial in certain misdemeanor cases","url":"\/17.1-128.1\/","token":"17.1\/1\/17.1-128.1","metadata":false},{"id":54541,"structure_id":13578,"section_number":"17.1-129","catch_line":"Filing date and time to be noted on papers","url":"\/17.1-129\/","token":"17.1\/1\/17.1-129","metadata":false},{"id":85929,"structure_id":13578,"section_number":"17.1-130","catch_line":"Execution of judgments and decrees of courts no longer existing","url":"\/17.1-130\/","token":"17.1\/1\/17.1-130","metadata":false},{"id":57339,"structure_id":13578,"section_number":"17.1-131","catch_line":"Jurisdiction to issue writs of mandamus in matters pertaining to action of service district commission","url":"\/17.1-131\/","token":"17.1\/1\/17.1-131","metadata":false},{"id":87235,"structure_id":13578,"section_number":"17.1-132","catch_line":"Courts Technology Fund","url":"\/17.1-132\/","token":"17.1\/1\/17.1-132","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":85606,"structure_id":13578,"section_number":"17.1-123","catch_line":"How orders are recorded and signed","url":"\/17.1-123\/","token":"17.1\/1\/17.1-123","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":61775,"structure_id":13578,"section_number":"17.1-125","catch_line":"Civil order book","url":"\/17.1-125\/","token":"17.1\/1\/17.1-125","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/17.1-124\/","history_text":"<p>The record of this law\u2019s original creation isn\u2019t available online. It has been modified 11 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 1962, chapter 233; in 1973, chapter 9; in 1974, chapter 524; in 1990, chapter 258; in 1997, chapter <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?971+ful+CHAP0801\">801<\/a>; in 1998, chapter <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?981+ful+CHAP0872\">872<\/a>; in 2005, chapter <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?051+ful+CHAP0681\">681<\/a>; in 2007, chapter <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?071+ful+CHAP0567\">567<\/a>; in 2010, chapters <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?101+ful+CHAP0717\">717<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?101+ful+CHAP0760\">760<\/a>; in 2014, chapter <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?141+ful+CHAP0460\">460<\/a>; in 2017, chapter <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?171+ful+CHAP0035\">35<\/a>.<\/p>","references":[{"id":61775,"section_number":"17.1-125","catch_line":"Civil order book","order_by":null,"url":"\/17.1-125\/"}],"refers_to":[{"id":64090,"section_number":"16.1-302","catch_line":"Dockets, indices, and order books; when hearings and records private; right to public hearing; presence of juvenile in court","order_by":null,"url":"\/16.1-302\/"},{"id":73353,"section_number":"42.1-82","catch_line":"Duties and powers of Library Board","order_by":null,"url":"\/42.1-82\/"},{"id":63701,"section_number":"8.01-582","catch_line":"Appointment of general receivers; their duties; audit of funds","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.01-582\/"},{"id":85240,"section_number":"8.01-600","catch_line":"How money under control of court deposited; record kept; liability of clerk","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.01-600\/"}],"permalink":{"id":162899,"object_type":"law","relational_id":75584,"identifier":"17.1-124","token":"17.1\/1\/17.1-124","url":"\/17.1-124\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/17.1-124\/","token":"17.1\/1\/17.1-124","dublin_core":{"Title":"Order books; automated systems","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 17.1-124","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section><p>Except as otherwise provided herein, each <span class=\"dictionary\">circuit<\/span> court clerk shall keep order books or, in lieu thereof, an automated system recording all proceedings, <span class=\"dictionary\">orders<\/span> and <span class=\"dictionary\">judgments<\/span> of the court in all matters, all <span class=\"dictionary\">decrees<\/span>, and decretal <span class=\"dictionary\">orders<\/span> of such court and all matters pertaining to trusts, the appointment and qualification of trustees, committees, administrators, executors, conservators and guardians shall be recorded, except when the same are appointed by the <span class=\"dictionary\">clerk of court<\/span>, in which event the order appointing such administrators or executors, shall be made and entered in the clerk&#8217;s order book. In any <span class=\"dictionary\">circuit<\/span> court, the clerk may, with the approval of the <span class=\"dictionary\">chief judge<\/span> of the court, by order entered of record, divide the order book into two sections, to be known as the <span class=\"dictionary\">civil order book<\/span> and the criminal order book. All (i) proceedings, <span class=\"dictionary\">orders<\/span>, and <span class=\"dictionary\">judgments<\/span> of the court in all matters at civil <span class=\"dictionary\">law<\/span> and (ii) trust fund <span class=\"dictionary\">orders<\/span>, which shall include money held by a general receiver of the court pursuant to \u00a7&nbsp;<a class=\"law\" title=\"Appointment of general receivers; their duties; audit of funds\" href=\"\/8.01-582\/\">8.01-582<\/a> or by the clerk of the <span class=\"dictionary\">circuit<\/span> court pursuant to \u00a7&nbsp;<a class=\"law\" title=\"How money under control of court deposited; record kept; liability of clerk\" href=\"\/8.01-600\/\">8.01-600<\/a>, shall be recorded in the <span class=\"dictionary\">civil order book<\/span>, and all proceedings, <span class=\"dictionary\">orders<\/span> and <span class=\"dictionary\">judgments<\/span> of the court in all matters at criminal <span class=\"dictionary\">law<\/span> shall be recorded in the criminal order book. In any proceeding brought for the condemnation of property, all proceedings, <span class=\"dictionary\">orders<\/span>, <span class=\"dictionary\">judgments<\/span> and <span class=\"dictionary\">decrees<\/span> of the court shall be recorded in the <span class=\"dictionary\">civil order book<\/span> of the court. The recordation prior to January 1, 1974, of all proceedings, <span class=\"dictionary\">orders<\/span>, <span class=\"dictionary\">judgments<\/span> and <span class=\"dictionary\">decrees<\/span> in such cases, whether entered in the common-<span class=\"dictionary\">law<\/span> order book or the <span class=\"dictionary\">chancery order book<\/span> of any court, is hereby declared a valid and proper recordation of the same. <span class=\"dictionary\">Orders<\/span> in cases appealed from the juvenile and domestic relations district <span class=\"dictionary\">courts<\/span> shall be maintained as provided in this section and, to the extent inconsistent with this section, \u00a7&nbsp;<a class=\"law\" title=\"Dockets, indices, and order books; when hearings and records private; right to public hearing; presence of juvenile in court\" href=\"\/16.1-302\/\">16.1-302<\/a>.\n\t\tThe clerk shall ensure that these order books have been microfilmed or converted to or created in an electronic format. Such microfilm and microphotographic processes and equipment shall meet state microfilm standards, and such electronic format shall follow state electronic records guidelines, pursuant to \u00a7&nbsp;<a class=\"law\" title=\"Duties and powers of Library Board\" href=\"\/42.1-82\/\">42.1-82<\/a>. The clerk shall further provide the master reel of any such microfilm for storage in the Library of Virginia and shall provide for the secured, off-site back up of any electronic copies of such records.<\/p><\/section>","plain_text":"                                 CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nORDER BOOKS; AUTOMATED SYSTEMS (\u00a7 17.1-124)\n\nExcept as otherwise provided herein, each circuit court clerk shall keep order\nbooks or, in lieu thereof, an automated system recording all proceedings, orders\nand judgments of the court in all matters, all decrees, and decretal orders of\nsuch court and all matters pertaining to trusts, the appointment and\nqualification of trustees, committees, administrators, executors, conservators\nand guardians shall be recorded, except when the same are appointed by the clerk\nof court, in which event the order appointing such administrators or executors,\nshall be made and entered in the clerk&#8217;s order book. In any circuit court,\nthe clerk may, with the approval of the chief judge of the court, by order\nentered of record, divide the order book into two sections, to be known as the\ncivil order book and the criminal order book. All (i) proceedings, orders, and\njudgments of the court in all matters at civil law and (ii) trust fund orders,\nwhich shall include money held by a general receiver of the court pursuant to \u00a7\n8.01-582 or by the clerk of the circuit court pursuant to \u00a7 8.01-600, shall be\nrecorded in the civil order book, and all proceedings, orders and judgments of\nthe court in all matters at criminal law shall be recorded in the criminal order\nbook. In any proceeding brought for the condemnation of property, all\nproceedings, orders, judgments and decrees of the court shall be recorded in the\ncivil order book of the court. The recordation prior to January 1, 1974, of all\nproceedings, orders, judgments and decrees in such cases, whether entered in the\ncommon-law order book or the chancery order book of any court, is hereby\ndeclared a valid and proper recordation of the same. Orders in cases appealed\nfrom the juvenile and domestic relations district courts shall be maintained as\nprovided in this section and, to the extent inconsistent with this section, \u00a7\n16.1-302.\n\t\tThe clerk shall ensure that these order books have been microfilmed or\nconverted to or created in an electronic format. Such microfilm and\nmicrophotographic processes and equipment shall meet state microfilm standards,\nand such electronic format shall follow state electronic records guidelines,\npursuant to \u00a7 42.1-82. The clerk shall further provide the master reel of any\nsuch microfilm for storage in the Library of Virginia and shall provide for the\nsecured, off-site back up of any electronic copies of such records.\n\nHISTORY: 1926, p. 750, \u00a7 17-28; 1932, p. 765; 1936, p. 557; Michie Code 1942,\n\u00a7 5962a; 1962, c. 233; 1973, c. 9; 1974, c. 524; 1990, c. 258; 1997, c. 801;\n1998, c. 872; 2005, c. 681; 2007, c. 567; 2010, cc. 717, 760; 2014, c. 460;\n2017, c. 35.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}