{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/17.1-239.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/17.1-239.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/17.1-239.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/17.1-239.html"}],"law_id":66342,"edition_id":1,"section_id":66342,"structure_id":13894,"section_number":"17.1-239","catch_line":"Character of books used for recording; standards for microfilm, etc","history":"Code 1919, \u00a7 3399, \u00a7 17-70; 1934, p. 174; 1972, c. 501; 1975, c. 58; 1983, c. 293; 1988, c. 35; 1998, c. 872.","full_text":"All books used in the clerk’s office for the permanent recordation of deeds, wills and other instruments shall either be made of high quality record paper, strictly number one rag stock, or permanent-durable, acid-free paper composed of strong, well-purified chemical wood fibers as prescribed by regulations pursuant to subdivision A 2 of \u00a7 42.1-82, or, if microfilm, microfiche, or microphotographic process is used in the clerk’s office, the deeds, wills or other instruments shall be processed in accordance with standards established pursuant to \u00a7 42.1-82. All books are to be substantially bound, with a durable cloth or plastic cover over all.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":240849,"text":"All books used in the clerk’s office for the permanent recordation of deeds, wills and other instruments shall either be made of high quality record paper, strictly number one rag stock, or permanent-durable, acid-free paper composed of strong, well-purified chemical wood fibers as prescribed by regulations pursuant to subdivision A 2 of \u00a7 42.1-82, or, if microfilm, microfiche, or microphotographic process is used in the clerk’s office, the deeds, wills or other instruments shall be processed in accordance with standards established pursuant to \u00a7 42.1-82. All books are to be substantially bound, with a durable cloth or plastic cover over all.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1}},"ancestry":[{"id":13894,"edition_id":1,"name":"Records, Recordation and Indexing Generally","identifier":"3","label":"article","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13472,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:46:13","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:46:13","permalink":{"id":163071,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13894,"identifier":"3","token":"17.1\/2\/3","url":"\/17.1\/2\/3\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13472,"edition_id":1,"name":"Clerks, Clerks' Offices and Records","identifier":"2","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12766,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:58","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:58","permalink":{"id":162961,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13472,"identifier":"2","token":"17.1\/2","url":"\/17.1\/2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12766,"edition_id":1,"name":"Courts of Record","identifier":"17.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:52","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:52","permalink":{"id":162799,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12766,"identifier":"17.1","token":"17.1","url":"\/17.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":78488,"structure_id":13894,"section_number":"17.1-223","catch_line":"Duty of clerk to record writings, etc., and make index","url":"\/17.1-223\/","token":"17.1\/2\/3\/17.1-223","metadata":false},{"id":75760,"structure_id":13894,"section_number":"17.1-224","catch_line":"Copy of illegible instrument used for making permanent record","url":"\/17.1-224\/","token":"17.1\/2\/3\/17.1-224","metadata":false},{"id":69099,"structure_id":13894,"section_number":"17.1-225","catch_line":"Remote access to nonconfidential court records","url":"\/17.1-225\/","token":"17.1\/2\/3\/17.1-225","metadata":false},{"id":59592,"structure_id":13894,"section_number":"17.1-226","catch_line":"Remote access to certain agencies from clerk of court","url":"\/17.1-226\/","token":"17.1\/2\/3\/17.1-226","metadata":false},{"id":54933,"structure_id":13894,"section_number":"17.1-227","catch_line":"Documents to be recorded in deed books; social security numbers","url":"\/17.1-227\/","token":"17.1\/2\/3\/17.1-227","metadata":false},{"id":72471,"structure_id":13894,"section_number":"17.1-227.1","catch_line":"Use of cover sheets on deeds or other instruments by circuit court clerks","url":"\/17.1-227.1\/","token":"17.1\/2\/3\/17.1-227.1","metadata":false},{"id":85458,"structure_id":13894,"section_number":"17.1-228","catch_line":"Recording releases of deeds of trust, partial releases of deeds of trust, court ordered releases, or other liens or assignments in cities and counties using microfilm","url":"\/17.1-228\/","token":"17.1\/2\/3\/17.1-228","metadata":false},{"id":86187,"structure_id":13894,"section_number":"17.1-229","catch_line":"Additional documents to be recorded in deed book","url":"\/17.1-229\/","token":"17.1\/2\/3\/17.1-229","metadata":false},{"id":77809,"structure_id":13894,"section_number":"17.1-230","catch_line":"Documents to be recorded in bond book","url":"\/17.1-230\/","token":"17.1\/2\/3\/17.1-230","metadata":false},{"id":72508,"structure_id":13894,"section_number":"17.1-231","catch_line":"Documents to be recorded in will book","url":"\/17.1-231\/","token":"17.1\/2\/3\/17.1-231","metadata":false},{"id":70937,"structure_id":13894,"section_number":"17.1-232","catch_line":"What to be recorded in judgment docket","url":"\/17.1-232\/","token":"17.1\/2\/3\/17.1-232","metadata":false},{"id":69816,"structure_id":13894,"section_number":"17.1-233","catch_line":"What to be recorded in marriage register","url":"\/17.1-233\/","token":"17.1\/2\/3\/17.1-233","metadata":false},{"id":80834,"structure_id":13894,"section_number":"17.1-234","catch_line":"Documents to be recorded in \"writings partially proved.\"","url":"\/17.1-234\/","token":"17.1\/2\/3\/17.1-234","metadata":false},{"id":73638,"structure_id":13894,"section_number":"17.1-235","catch_line":"Recordation of federal farm loan mortgages","url":"\/17.1-235\/","token":"17.1\/2\/3\/17.1-235","metadata":false},{"id":77409,"structure_id":13894,"section_number":"17.1-236","catch_line":"Recordation of plats and maps","url":"\/17.1-236\/","token":"17.1\/2\/3\/17.1-236","metadata":false},{"id":57772,"structure_id":13894,"section_number":"17.1-237","catch_line":"Validation of recordations in certain plat books","url":"\/17.1-237\/","token":"17.1\/2\/3\/17.1-237","metadata":false},{"id":84039,"structure_id":13894,"section_number":"17.1-238","catch_line":"State highway plat book","url":"\/17.1-238\/","token":"17.1\/2\/3\/17.1-238","metadata":false},{"id":66342,"structure_id":13894,"section_number":"17.1-239","catch_line":"Character of books used for recording; standards for microfilm, etc","url":"\/17.1-239\/","token":"17.1\/2\/3\/17.1-239","metadata":false},{"id":82298,"structure_id":13894,"section_number":"17.1-240","catch_line":"Recording by microphotographic or electronic process","url":"\/17.1-240\/","token":"17.1\/2\/3\/17.1-240","metadata":false},{"id":82024,"structure_id":13894,"section_number":"17.1-241","catch_line":"Clerks to procure books for record","url":"\/17.1-241\/","token":"17.1\/2\/3\/17.1-241","metadata":false},{"id":63003,"structure_id":13894,"section_number":"17.1-242","catch_line":"Custody of books, records, etc","url":"\/17.1-242\/","token":"17.1\/2\/3\/17.1-242","metadata":false},{"id":71474,"structure_id":13894,"section_number":"17.1-243","catch_line":"Clerks to have land books bound","url":"\/17.1-243\/","token":"17.1\/2\/3\/17.1-243","metadata":false},{"id":83594,"structure_id":13894,"section_number":"17.1-244","catch_line":"Books, etc., in clerks' offices rebound, transcribed, microfilmed or digitally reproduced; credit given to transcripts, etc","url":"\/17.1-244\/","token":"17.1\/2\/3\/17.1-244","metadata":false},{"id":84190,"structure_id":13894,"section_number":"17.1-245","catch_line":"Books may be taken from clerk's office to be rebound, etc","url":"\/17.1-245\/","token":"17.1\/2\/3\/17.1-245","metadata":false},{"id":70521,"structure_id":13894,"section_number":"17.1-246","catch_line":"How costs thereof certified and paid","url":"\/17.1-246\/","token":"17.1\/2\/3\/17.1-246","metadata":false},{"id":61759,"structure_id":13894,"section_number":"17.1-247","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/17.1-247\/","token":"17.1\/2\/3\/17.1-247","metadata":false},{"id":70377,"structure_id":13894,"section_number":"17.1-248","catch_line":"Clerk to make index to each of his books","url":"\/17.1-248\/","token":"17.1\/2\/3\/17.1-248","metadata":false},{"id":64098,"structure_id":13894,"section_number":"17.1-249","catch_line":"General indexes for clerks' offices; daily index","url":"\/17.1-249\/","token":"17.1\/2\/3\/17.1-249","metadata":false},{"id":78069,"structure_id":13894,"section_number":"17.1-250","catch_line":"Correction of indexes","url":"\/17.1-250\/","token":"17.1\/2\/3\/17.1-250","metadata":false},{"id":72247,"structure_id":13894,"section_number":"17.1-251","catch_line":"Indexing of certain subdivision plats or maps","url":"\/17.1-251\/","token":"17.1\/2\/3\/17.1-251","metadata":false},{"id":54968,"structure_id":13894,"section_number":"17.1-252","catch_line":"Indexing by tax map reference number","url":"\/17.1-252\/","token":"17.1\/2\/3\/17.1-252","metadata":false},{"id":85314,"structure_id":13894,"section_number":"17.1-253","catch_line":"Committee to inquire into necessity of general index; report; plan adopted; locality to cover cost","url":"\/17.1-253\/","token":"17.1\/2\/3\/17.1-253","metadata":false},{"id":77546,"structure_id":13894,"section_number":"17.1-254","catch_line":"Validation of judgment records in office of clerk of Circuit Court of Norfolk","url":"\/17.1-254\/","token":"17.1\/2\/3\/17.1-254","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":84039,"structure_id":13894,"section_number":"17.1-238","catch_line":"State highway plat book","url":"\/17.1-238\/","token":"17.1\/2\/3\/17.1-238","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":82298,"structure_id":13894,"section_number":"17.1-240","catch_line":"Recording by microphotographic or electronic process","url":"\/17.1-240\/","token":"17.1\/2\/3\/17.1-240","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/17.1-239\/","history_text":"

The record of this law\u2019s original creation isn\u2019t available online. It has been modified 5 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 1972, chapter 501; in 1975, chapter 58; in 1983, chapter 293; in 1988, chapter 35; in 1998, chapter 872<\/a>.<\/p>","references":[{"id":78488,"section_number":"17.1-223","catch_line":"Duty of clerk to record writings, etc., and make index","order_by":null,"url":"\/17.1-223\/"}],"refers_to":[{"id":73353,"section_number":"42.1-82","catch_line":"Duties and powers of Library Board","order_by":null,"url":"\/42.1-82\/"}],"permalink":{"id":163141,"object_type":"law","relational_id":66342,"identifier":"17.1-239","token":"17.1\/2\/3\/17.1-239","url":"\/17.1-239\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/17.1-239\/","token":"17.1\/2\/3\/17.1-239","dublin_core":{"Title":"Character of books used for recording; standards for microfilm, etc","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 17.1-239","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

All books used in the clerk’s office for the permanent recordation of deeds, wills and other instruments shall either be made of high quality record paper, strictly number one rag stock, or permanent-durable, acid-free paper composed of strong, well-purified chemical wood fibers as prescribed by regulations pursuant to subdivision A 2 of \u00a7 42.1-82<\/a>, or, if microfilm, microfiche, or microphotographic process is used in the clerk’s office, the deeds, wills or other instruments shall be processed in accordance with standards established pursuant to \u00a7 42.1-82<\/a>. All books are to be substantially bound, with a durable cloth or plastic cover over all.<\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nCHARACTER OF BOOKS USED FOR RECORDING; STANDARDS FOR MICROFILM, ETC (\u00a7\n17.1-239)\n\nAll books used in the clerk’s office for the permanent recordation of\ndeeds, wills and other instruments shall either be made of high quality record\npaper, strictly number one rag stock, or permanent-durable, acid-free paper\ncomposed of strong, well-purified chemical wood fibers as prescribed by\nregulations pursuant to subdivision A 2 of \u00a7 42.1-82, or, if microfilm,\nmicrofiche, or microphotographic process is used in the clerk’s office,\nthe deeds, wills or other instruments shall be processed in accordance with\nstandards established pursuant to \u00a7 42.1-82. All books are to be substantially\nbound, with a durable cloth or plastic cover over all.\n\nHISTORY: Code 1919, \u00a7 3399, \u00a7 17-70; 1934, p. 174; 1972, c. 501; 1975, c. 58;\n1983, c. 293; 1988, c. 35; 1998, c. 872.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}