{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/17.1-295.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/17.1-295.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/17.1-295.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/17.1-295.html"}],"law_id":63862,"edition_id":1,"section_id":63862,"structure_id":14991,"section_number":"17.1-295","catch_line":"Definitions","history":"2008, cc. 823, 833; 2013, cc. 77, 263, 422; 2017, cc. 78, 92.","full_text":"As used in this title:\n\t\t“Confidential court records” means any civil or criminal record maintained by a clerk of the circuit court designated by this Code as confidential or any such record sealed pursuant to court order.\n\t\t“Electronic filing of court records” means the networks or systems maintained by a clerk of the circuit court, or the clerk’s designated application service providers, for the submittal of instruments for electronic filing of court records in accordance with this title, the Rules of the Supreme Court of Virginia, and the secure remote access standards developed by the Virginia Information Technologies Agency.\n\t\t“Electronic recording of land records” means the networks or systems maintained by a clerk of the circuit court, or the clerk’s designated application service providers, for the submittal of instruments for electronic filing of land records in accordance with the provisions of Article 3 (\u00a7 55.1-346 et seq.) of Chapter 3 of Title 55.1 regarding the satisfaction of mortgages, the Uniform Real Property Electronic Recording Act (\u00a7 55.1-661 et seq.), and the provisions of this title.\n\t\t“Operational expenses” means expenses of the clerk of court used to maintain the clerk’s office and includes, but is not limited to, (i) computer support, maintenance, enhancements, upgrades, and replacements and office automation and information technology equipment, including software and conversion services; (ii) preserving, maintaining, and enhancing court records, including, but not limited to, the costs of repairs, maintenance, consulting services, service contracts, redaction of social security numbers from certain records, and system replacements or upgrades; and (iii) improving public access to records maintained by the clerk, including locating technology in an offsite facility for such purposes or for implementation of a disaster recovery plan.\n\t\t“Public access” means that the clerk of the circuit court has made available to subscribers that are other than governmental agencies, secure remote access to records maintained by the clerk in accordance with \u00a7 17.1-294.\n\t\t“Secure remote access to court records” means public access by electronic means on a network or system to court records maintained by the clerk of the circuit court or the clerk’s designated application service providers, in compliance with this title, the Rules of the Supreme Court of Virginia, and the secure remote access standards developed by the Virginia Information Technologies Agency.\n\t\t“Secure remote access to land records” means public access by electronic means on a network or system to land records maintained by the clerk of the circuit court or the clerk’s designated application service providers, in compliance with the Secure Remote Access Standards developed by the Virginia Information Technologies Agency.\n\t\t“Subscriber” means any person who has entered into a subscriber agreement with the clerk of the circuit court authorizing the subscriber to have secure remote access to land records or secure remote access to court records maintained by the clerk or the clerk’s designated application service providers. If the subscriber is an entity with more than one person who will use the network or system to access land records maintained by the clerk, or the clerk’s designated application service providers, each individual user shall execute a subscriber agreement and obtain a separate “user id” and “password” from the clerk. The subscriber is responsible for the fees due under this title and the proper use of the secure remote access system pursuant to the subscriber agreement, applicable Virginia law, and Secure Remote Access Standards developed by the Virginia Information Technologies Agency.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":232617,"text":"As used in this title:\n\t\t“Confidential court records” means any civil or criminal record maintained by a clerk of the circuit court designated by this Code as confidential or any such record sealed pursuant to court order.\n\t\t“Electronic filing of court records” means the networks or systems maintained by a clerk of the circuit court, or the clerk’s designated application service providers, for the submittal of instruments for electronic filing of court records in accordance with this title, the Rules of the Supreme Court of Virginia, and the secure remote access standards developed by the Virginia Information Technologies Agency.\n\t\t“Electronic recording of land records” means the networks or systems maintained by a clerk of the circuit court, or the clerk’s designated application service providers, for the submittal of instruments for electronic filing of land records in accordance with the provisions of Article 3 (\u00a7 55.1-346 et seq.) of Chapter 3 of Title 55.1 regarding the satisfaction of mortgages, the Uniform Real Property Electronic Recording Act (\u00a7 55.1-661 et seq.), and the provisions of this title.\n\t\t“Operational expenses” means expenses of the clerk of court used to maintain the clerk’s office and includes, but is not limited to, (i) computer support, maintenance, enhancements, upgrades, and replacements and office automation and information technology equipment, including software and conversion services; (ii) preserving, maintaining, and enhancing court records, including, but not limited to, the costs of repairs, maintenance, consulting services, service contracts, redaction of social security numbers from certain records, and system replacements or upgrades; and (iii) improving public access to records maintained by the clerk, including locating technology in an offsite facility for such purposes or for implementation of a disaster recovery plan.\n\t\t“Public access” means that the clerk of the circuit court has made available to subscribers that are other than governmental agencies, secure remote access to records maintained by the clerk in accordance with \u00a7 17.1-294.\n\t\t“Secure remote access to court records” means public access by electronic means on a network or system to court records maintained by the clerk of the circuit court or the clerk’s designated application service providers, in compliance with this title, the Rules of the Supreme Court of Virginia, and the secure remote access standards developed by the Virginia Information Technologies Agency.\n\t\t“Secure remote access to land records” means public access by electronic means on a network or system to land records maintained by the clerk of the circuit court or the clerk’s designated application service providers, in compliance with the Secure Remote Access Standards developed by the Virginia Information Technologies Agency.\n\t\t“Subscriber” means any person who has entered into a subscriber agreement with the clerk of the circuit court authorizing the subscriber to have secure remote access to land records or secure remote access to court records maintained by the clerk or the clerk’s designated application service providers. If the subscriber is an entity with more than one person who will use the network or system to access land records maintained by the clerk, or the clerk’s designated application service providers, each individual user shall execute a subscriber agreement and obtain a separate “user id” and “password” from the clerk. The subscriber is responsible for the fees due under this title and the proper use of the secure remote access system pursuant to the subscriber agreement, applicable Virginia law, and Secure Remote Access Standards developed by the Virginia Information Technologies Agency.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1}},"ancestry":[{"id":14991,"edition_id":1,"name":"Secure Remote Access","identifier":"8","label":"article","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13472,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:51:20","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:51:20","permalink":{"id":163459,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":14991,"identifier":"8","token":"17.1\/2\/8","url":"\/17.1\/2\/8\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13472,"edition_id":1,"name":"Clerks, Clerks' Offices and Records","identifier":"2","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12766,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:58","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:58","permalink":{"id":162961,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13472,"identifier":"2","token":"17.1\/2","url":"\/17.1\/2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12766,"edition_id":1,"name":"Courts of Record","identifier":"17.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:52","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:52","permalink":{"id":162799,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12766,"identifier":"17.1","token":"17.1","url":"\/17.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":64813,"structure_id":14991,"section_number":"17.1-292","catch_line":"Applicability; definitions","url":"\/17.1-292\/","token":"17.1\/2\/8\/17.1-292","metadata":false},{"id":71693,"structure_id":14991,"section_number":"17.1-293","catch_line":"Posting and availability of certain information on the Internet; prohibitions","url":"\/17.1-293\/","token":"17.1\/2\/8\/17.1-293","metadata":false},{"id":62281,"structure_id":14991,"section_number":"17.1-293.1","catch_line":"(Effective July 1, 2026) Online case information system; exceptions","url":"\/17.1-293.1\/","token":"17.1\/2\/8\/17.1-293.1","metadata":false},{"id":57189,"structure_id":14991,"section_number":"17.1-294","catch_line":"Secure remote access to land records","url":"\/17.1-294\/","token":"17.1\/2\/8\/17.1-294","metadata":false},{"id":63862,"structure_id":14991,"section_number":"17.1-295","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/17.1-295\/","token":"17.1\/2\/8\/17.1-295","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":57189,"structure_id":14991,"section_number":"17.1-294","catch_line":"Secure remote access to land records","url":"\/17.1-294\/","token":"17.1\/2\/8\/17.1-294","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/17.1-295\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 2008. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapters 823<\/a> and 833<\/a> of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. It has been modified 2 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 2013, chapters 77<\/a>, 263<\/a>, and 422<\/a>; in 2017, chapters 78<\/a> and 92<\/a>.<\/p>","references":[{"id":67866,"section_number":"17.1-258.3","catch_line":"Electronic filing in civil or criminal proceedings","order_by":null,"url":"\/17.1-258.3\/"},{"id":65365,"section_number":"17.1-258.3:2","catch_line":"Official certificates and certified records in digital form","order_by":null,"url":"\/17.1-258.3_2\/"},{"id":59820,"section_number":"17.1-276","catch_line":"Fee allowed for providing secure remote access to land records","order_by":null,"url":"\/17.1-276\/"}],"refers_to":[{"id":57189,"section_number":"17.1-294","catch_line":"Secure remote access to land records","order_by":null,"url":"\/17.1-294\/"},{"id":63720,"section_number":"55.1-346","catch_line":"Applicability","order_by":null,"url":"\/55.1-346\/"},{"id":66472,"section_number":"55.1-661","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/55.1-661\/"}],"permalink":{"id":163477,"object_type":"law","relational_id":63862,"identifier":"17.1-295","token":"17.1\/2\/8\/17.1-295","url":"\/17.1-295\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/17.1-295\/","token":"17.1\/2\/8\/17.1-295","dublin_core":{"Title":"Definitions","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 17.1-295","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

As used in this title:\n\t\t“Confidential court records<\/span>” means any civil or criminal record maintained by a clerk of the circuit<\/span> court designated by this Code as confidential or any such record sealed<\/span> pursuant to court order<\/span>.\n\t\t“Electronic filing of court records<\/span>” means the networks or systems maintained by a clerk of the circuit<\/span> court, or the clerk’s designated application service providers, for the submittal of instruments for electronic filing of court records<\/span> in accordance with this title, the Rules of the Supreme Court of Virginia, and the secure remote access standards developed by the Virginia Information Technologies Agency.\n\t\t“Electronic recording of land records<\/span>” means the networks or systems maintained by a clerk of the circuit<\/span> court, or the clerk’s designated application service providers, for the submittal of instruments for electronic filing of land records in accordance with the provisions of Article 3 (\u00a7 55.1-346<\/a> et seq.) of Chapter 3 of Title 55.1 regarding the satisfaction of mortgages, the Uniform Real Property Electronic Recording Act (\u00a7 55.1-661<\/a> et seq.), and the provisions of this title.\n\t\t“Operational expenses<\/span>” means expenses of the clerk of court<\/span> used to maintain the clerk’s office and includes, but is not limited to, (i) computer support, maintenance, enhancements, upgrades, and replacements and office automation and information technology equipment, including software and conversion services; (ii) preserving, maintaining, and enhancing court records, including, but not limited to, the costs of repairs, maintenance, consulting services, service contracts<\/span>, redaction of social security numbers from certain records, and system replacements or upgrades; and (iii) improving public access<\/span> to records maintained by the clerk, including locating technology in an offsite facility for such purposes or for implementation of a disaster recovery plan.\n\t\t“Public access<\/span>” means that the clerk of the circuit<\/span> court has made available to subscribers<\/span> that are other than governmental agencies, secure remote access to records maintained by the clerk in accordance with \u00a7 17.1-294<\/a>.\n\t\t“Secure remote access to court records<\/span>” means public access<\/span> by electronic means on a network or system to court records maintained by the clerk of the circuit<\/span> court or the clerk’s designated application service providers, in compliance with this title, the Rules of the Supreme Court of Virginia, and the secure remote access standards developed by the Virginia Information Technologies Agency.\n\t\t“Secure remote access to land records<\/span>” means public access<\/span> by electronic means on a network or system to land records maintained by the clerk of the circuit<\/span> court or the clerk’s designated application service providers, in compliance with the Secure Remote Access Standards developed by the Virginia Information Technologies Agency.\n\t\t“Subscriber<\/span>” means any person who has entered into a subscriber<\/span> agreement with the clerk of the circuit<\/span> court authorizing the subscriber<\/span> to have secure remote access to land records<\/span> or secure remote access to court records<\/span> maintained by the clerk or the clerk’s designated application service providers. If the subscriber<\/span> is an entity with more than one person who will use the network or system to access land records maintained by the clerk, or the clerk’s designated application service providers, each individual user shall execute a subscriber<\/span> agreement and obtain a separate “user id<\/span>” and “password<\/span>” from the clerk. The subscriber<\/span> is responsible for the fees due under this title and the proper use of the secure remote access system pursuant to the subscriber<\/span> agreement, applicable Virginia law<\/span>, and Secure Remote Access Standards developed by the Virginia Information Technologies Agency.<\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nDEFINITIONS (\u00a7 17.1-295)\n\nAs used in this title:\n\t\t“Confidential court records” means any civil or criminal record\nmaintained by a clerk of the circuit court designated by this Code as\nconfidential or any such record sealed pursuant to court order.\n\t\t“Electronic filing of court records” means the networks or systems\nmaintained by a clerk of the circuit court, or the clerk’s designated\napplication service providers, for the submittal of instruments for electronic\nfiling of court records in accordance with this title, the Rules of the Supreme\nCourt of Virginia, and the secure remote access standards developed by the\nVirginia Information Technologies Agency.\n\t\t“Electronic recording of land records” means the networks or\nsystems maintained by a clerk of the circuit court, or the clerk’s\ndesignated application service providers, for the submittal of instruments for\nelectronic filing of land records in accordance with the provisions of Article 3\n(\u00a7 55.1-346 et seq.) of Chapter 3 of Title 55.1 regarding the satisfaction of\nmortgages, the Uniform Real Property Electronic Recording Act (\u00a7 55.1-661 et\nseq.), and the provisions of this title.\n\t\t“Operational expenses” means expenses of the clerk of court used\nto maintain the clerk’s office and includes, but is not limited to, (i)\ncomputer support, maintenance, enhancements, upgrades, and replacements and\noffice automation and information technology equipment, including software and\nconversion services; (ii) preserving, maintaining, and enhancing court records,\nincluding, but not limited to, the costs of repairs, maintenance, consulting\nservices, service contracts, redaction of social security numbers from certain\nrecords, and system replacements or upgrades; and (iii) improving public access\nto records maintained by the clerk, including locating technology in an offsite\nfacility for such purposes or for implementation of a disaster recovery plan.\n\t\t“Public access” means that the clerk of the circuit court has made\navailable to subscribers that are other than governmental agencies, secure\nremote access to records maintained by the clerk in accordance with \u00a7 17.1-294.\n\t\t“Secure remote access to court records” means public access by\nelectronic means on a network or system to court records maintained by the clerk\nof the circuit court or the clerk’s designated application service\nproviders, in compliance with this title, the Rules of the Supreme Court of\nVirginia, and the secure remote access standards developed by the Virginia\nInformation Technologies Agency.\n\t\t“Secure remote access to land records” means public access by\nelectronic means on a network or system to land records maintained by the clerk\nof the circuit court or the clerk’s designated application service\nproviders, in compliance with the Secure Remote Access Standards developed by\nthe Virginia Information Technologies Agency.\n\t\t“Subscriber” means any person who has entered into a subscriber\nagreement with the clerk of the circuit court authorizing the subscriber to have\nsecure remote access to land records or secure remote access to court records\nmaintained by the clerk or the clerk’s designated application service\nproviders. If the subscriber is an entity with more than one person who will use\nthe network or system to access land records maintained by the clerk, or the\nclerk’s designated application service providers, each individual user\nshall execute a subscriber agreement and obtain a separate “user id”\nand “password” from the clerk. The subscriber is responsible for the\nfees due under this title and the proper use of the secure remote access system\npursuant to the subscriber agreement, applicable Virginia law, and Secure Remote\nAccess Standards developed by the Virginia Information Technologies Agency.\n\nHISTORY: 2008, cc. 823, 833; 2013, cc. 77, 263, 422; 2017, cc. 78, 92.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}