{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/18.2-102.2.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/18.2-102.2.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/18.2-102.2.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/18.2-102.2.html"}],"law_id":73217,"edition_id":1,"section_id":73217,"structure_id":13748,"section_number":"18.2-102.2","catch_line":"Unauthorized use of dairy milk cases or milk crates; penalty","history":"1990, c. 452.","full_text":"It shall be unlawful for any person to:\n\n1\n\nBuy, sell, or dispose of any milk case or milk crate bearing the name or label of the owner without the written consent of the owner or his designated agent;2\n\nRefuse, upon written demand of the owner or his designated agent, to return to the owner or his designated agent any milk case or milk crate bearing the name or label of the owner; or3\n\nDeface, obliterate, erase, cover up, or otherwise remove or conceal any name, label, registered trademark, insignia, or other business identification of an owner of a milk case or milk crate without the consent of the owner, for the purpose of destroying or removing from the milk case or milk crate evidence of its ownership.\n\t\t\tA violation of this section shall be punishable as a Class 4 misdemeanor.\n\t\t\tFor purposes of this section, milk cases or milk crates shall be deemed to bear a name or label of an owner when there is imprinted or attached on the case or crate a name, insignia, mark, business identification, or label showing ownership or sufficient information to ascertain ownership. The term “milk case” or “milk crate” means a wire or plastic container which holds sixteen quarts or more of beverage and is used by distributors or retailers or their agents as a means to transport, store, or carry dairy products.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":263566,"text":"It shall be unlawful for any person to:","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1,"next_prefix":"1"},"1":{"id":263567,"text":"Buy, sell, or dispose of any milk case or milk crate bearing the name or label of the owner without the written consent of the owner or his designated agent;","type":"section","prefixes":["1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"1","prefix_anchor":"1","level":1,"prior_prefix":"","next_prefix":"2"},"2":{"id":263568,"text":"Refuse, upon written demand of the owner or his designated agent, to return to the owner or his designated agent any milk case or milk crate bearing the name or label of the owner; or","type":"section","prefixes":["2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"2","prefix_anchor":"2","level":1,"prior_prefix":"1","next_prefix":"3"},"3":{"id":263569,"text":"Deface, obliterate, erase, cover up, or otherwise remove or conceal any name, label, registered trademark, insignia, or other business identification of an owner of a milk case or milk crate without the consent of the owner, for the purpose of destroying or removing from the milk case or milk crate evidence of its ownership.\n\t\t\tA violation of this section shall be punishable as a Class 4 misdemeanor.\n\t\t\tFor purposes of this section, milk cases or milk crates shall be deemed to bear a name or label of an owner when there is imprinted or attached on the case or crate a name, insignia, mark, business identification, or label showing ownership or sufficient information to ascertain ownership. The term “milk case” or “milk crate” means a wire or plastic container which holds sixteen quarts or more of beverage and is used by distributors or retailers or their agents as a means to transport, store, or carry dairy products.","type":"section","prefixes":["3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"3","prefix_anchor":"3","level":1,"prior_prefix":"2"}},"ancestry":[{"id":13748,"edition_id":1,"name":"Larceny and Receiving Stolen Goods","identifier":"3","label":"article","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13243,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:45:46","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:45:46","permalink":{"id":165381,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13748,"identifier":"3","token":"18.2\/5\/3","url":"\/18.2\/5\/3\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13243,"edition_id":1,"name":"Crimes Against Property","identifier":"5","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12972,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:30","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:30","permalink":{"id":165299,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13243,"identifier":"5","token":"18.2\/5","url":"\/18.2\/5\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12972,"edition_id":1,"name":"Crimes and Offenses Generally","identifier":"18.2","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:05","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:05","permalink":{"id":164139,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12972,"identifier":"18.2","token":"18.2","url":"\/18.2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":62699,"structure_id":13748,"section_number":"18.2-100","catch_line":"Removal of crop by tenant before rents and advances are satisfied","url":"\/18.2-100\/","token":"18.2\/5\/3\/18.2-100","metadata":false},{"id":56952,"structure_id":13748,"section_number":"18.2-101","catch_line":"Selling, etc., of goods distrained or levied on","url":"\/18.2-101\/","token":"18.2\/5\/3\/18.2-101","metadata":false},{"id":62517,"structure_id":13748,"section_number":"18.2-102","catch_line":"Unauthorized use of animal, aircraft, vehicle or boat; consent; accessories or accomplices","url":"\/18.2-102\/","token":"18.2\/5\/3\/18.2-102","metadata":false},{"id":54920,"structure_id":13748,"section_number":"18.2-102.1","catch_line":"Removal of shopping cart from store premises","url":"\/18.2-102.1\/","token":"18.2\/5\/3\/18.2-102.1","metadata":false},{"id":73217,"structure_id":13748,"section_number":"18.2-102.2","catch_line":"Unauthorized use of dairy milk cases or milk crates; penalty","url":"\/18.2-102.2\/","token":"18.2\/5\/3\/18.2-102.2","metadata":false},{"id":67960,"structure_id":13748,"section_number":"18.2-103","catch_line":"Concealing or taking possession of merchandise; altering price tags; transferring goods from one container to another; counseling, etc., another in performance of such acts","url":"\/18.2-103\/","token":"18.2\/5\/3\/18.2-103","metadata":false},{"id":74816,"structure_id":13748,"section_number":"18.2-103.1","catch_line":"Organized retail theft; penalty","url":"\/18.2-103.1\/","token":"18.2\/5\/3\/18.2-103.1","metadata":false},{"id":85101,"structure_id":13748,"section_number":"18.2-104","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/18.2-104\/","token":"18.2\/5\/3\/18.2-104","metadata":false},{"id":60229,"structure_id":13748,"section_number":"18.2-104.1","catch_line":"Liability upon conviction under \u00a7 18.2-103","url":"\/18.2-104.1\/","token":"18.2\/5\/3\/18.2-104.1","metadata":false},{"id":83548,"structure_id":13748,"section_number":"18.2-105","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/18.2-105\/","token":"18.2\/5\/3\/18.2-105","metadata":false},{"id":54750,"structure_id":13748,"section_number":"18.2-105.1","catch_line":"Detention of suspected shoplifter","url":"\/18.2-105.1\/","token":"18.2\/5\/3\/18.2-105.1","metadata":false},{"id":85934,"structure_id":13748,"section_number":"18.2-105.2","catch_line":"Manufacture, sale, etc., of devices to shield against electronic detection of shoplifting prohibited; 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altering price tags; transferring goods from one container to another; counseling, etc., another in performance of such acts","url":"\/18.2-103\/","token":"18.2\/5\/3\/18.2-103","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/18.2-102.2\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 1990. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 452 of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. Unfortunately, the 1990 \u201cActs\u201d aren\u2019t available online.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":165399,"object_type":"law","relational_id":73217,"identifier":"18.2-102.2","token":"18.2\/5\/3\/18.2-102.2","url":"\/18.2-102.2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/18.2-102.2\/","token":"18.2\/5\/3\/18.2-102.2","dublin_core":{"Title":"Unauthorized use of dairy milk cases or milk crates; penalty","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 18.2-102.2","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

It shall be unlawful for any person to:<\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> Buy, sell, or dispose of any milk case<\/span> or milk crate<\/span> bearing the name or label of the owner without the written consent of the owner or his designated agent; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> Refuse, upon written demand of the owner or his designated agent, to return to the owner or his designated agent any milk case<\/span> or milk crate<\/span> bearing the name or label of the owner; or <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

3.<\/span> Deface, obliterate, erase, cover up, or otherwise remove or conceal any name, label, registered trademark, insignia, or other business identification of an owner of a milk case<\/span> or milk crate<\/span> without the consent of the owner, for the purpose of destroying or removing from the milk case<\/span> or milk crate<\/span> evidence<\/span> of its ownership.\n\t\t\tA violation of this section shall be punishable as a Class 4 misdemeanor<\/span>.\n\t\t\tFor purposes of this section, milk cases<\/span> or milk crates<\/span> shall be deemed to bear a name or label of an owner when there is imprinted or attached on the case or crate a name, insignia, mark, business identification, or label showing ownership or sufficient information to ascertain ownership. The term “milk case<\/span>” or “milk crate<\/span>” means a wire or plastic container which holds sixteen quarts or more of beverage and is used by distributors or retailers or their agents as a means to transport, store, or carry dairy products. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nUNAUTHORIZED USE OF DAIRY MILK CASES OR MILK CRATES; PENALTY (\u00a7 18.2-102.2)\n\nIt shall be unlawful for any person to:\n\n1. Buy, sell, or dispose of any milk case or milk crate bearing the name or\nlabel of the owner without the written consent of the owner or his designated\nagent;\n\n2. Refuse, upon written demand of the owner or his designated agent, to return\nto the owner or his designated agent any milk case or milk crate bearing the\nname or label of the owner; or\n\n3. Deface, obliterate, erase, cover up, or otherwise remove or conceal any name,\nlabel, registered trademark, insignia, or other business identification of an\nowner of a milk case or milk crate without the consent of the owner, for the\npurpose of destroying or removing from the milk case or milk crate evidence of\nits ownership.\n\t\t\tA violation of this section shall be punishable as a Class 4 misdemeanor.\n\t\t\tFor purposes of this section, milk cases or milk crates shall be deemed to\nbear a name or label of an owner when there is imprinted or attached on the case\nor crate a name, insignia, mark, business identification, or label showing\nownership or sufficient information to ascertain ownership. The term “milk\ncase” or “milk crate” means a wire or plastic container which\nholds sixteen quarts or more of beverage and is used by distributors or\nretailers or their agents as a means to transport, store, or carry dairy\nproducts.\n\nHISTORY: 1990, c. 452.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}