{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/18.2-104.1.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/18.2-104.1.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/18.2-104.1.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/18.2-104.1.html"}],"law_id":60229,"edition_id":1,"section_id":60229,"structure_id":13748,"section_number":"18.2-104.1","catch_line":"Liability upon conviction under \u00a7 18.2-103","history":"1976, c. 577.","full_text":"Any person who has been convicted of violating the provisions of \u00a7 18.2-103 shall be civilly liable to the owner for the retail value of any goods and merchandise illegally converted and not recovered by the owner, and for all costs incurred in prosecuting such person under the provisions of \u00a7 18.2-103. Such costs shall be limited to actual expenses, including the base wage of one employee acting as a witness for the Commonwealth and suit costs. Provided, however, the total amount of allowable costs granted hereunder shall not exceed $250, excluding the retail value of the goods and merchandise.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":220300,"text":"Any person who has been convicted of violating the provisions of \u00a7 18.2-103 shall be civilly liable to the owner for the retail value of any goods and merchandise illegally converted and not recovered by the owner, and for all costs incurred in prosecuting such person under the provisions of \u00a7 18.2-103. Such costs shall be limited to actual expenses, including the base wage of one employee acting as a witness for the Commonwealth and suit costs. Provided, however, the total amount of allowable costs granted hereunder shall not exceed $250, excluding the retail value of the goods and merchandise.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1}},"ancestry":[{"id":13748,"edition_id":1,"name":"Larceny and Receiving Stolen Goods","identifier":"3","label":"article","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13243,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:45:46","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:45:46","permalink":{"id":165381,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13748,"identifier":"3","token":"18.2\/5\/3","url":"\/18.2\/5\/3\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13243,"edition_id":1,"name":"Crimes Against Property","identifier":"5","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12972,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:30","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:30","permalink":{"id":165299,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13243,"identifier":"5","token":"18.2\/5","url":"\/18.2\/5\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12972,"edition_id":1,"name":"Crimes and Offenses Generally","identifier":"18.2","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:05","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:05","permalink":{"id":164139,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12972,"identifier":"18.2","token":"18.2","url":"\/18.2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":62699,"structure_id":13748,"section_number":"18.2-100","catch_line":"Removal of crop by tenant before rents and advances are satisfied","url":"\/18.2-100\/","token":"18.2\/5\/3\/18.2-100","metadata":false},{"id":56952,"structure_id":13748,"section_number":"18.2-101","catch_line":"Selling, etc., of goods distrained or levied on","url":"\/18.2-101\/","token":"18.2\/5\/3\/18.2-101","metadata":false},{"id":62517,"structure_id":13748,"section_number":"18.2-102","catch_line":"Unauthorized use of animal, aircraft, vehicle or boat; consent; accessories or accomplices","url":"\/18.2-102\/","token":"18.2\/5\/3\/18.2-102","metadata":false},{"id":54920,"structure_id":13748,"section_number":"18.2-102.1","catch_line":"Removal of shopping cart from store premises","url":"\/18.2-102.1\/","token":"18.2\/5\/3\/18.2-102.1","metadata":false},{"id":73217,"structure_id":13748,"section_number":"18.2-102.2","catch_line":"Unauthorized use of dairy milk cases or milk crates; penalty","url":"\/18.2-102.2\/","token":"18.2\/5\/3\/18.2-102.2","metadata":false},{"id":67960,"structure_id":13748,"section_number":"18.2-103","catch_line":"Concealing or taking possession of merchandise; altering price tags; transferring goods from one container to another; counseling, etc., another in performance of such acts","url":"\/18.2-103\/","token":"18.2\/5\/3\/18.2-103","metadata":false},{"id":74816,"structure_id":13748,"section_number":"18.2-103.1","catch_line":"Organized retail theft; penalty","url":"\/18.2-103.1\/","token":"18.2\/5\/3\/18.2-103.1","metadata":false},{"id":85101,"structure_id":13748,"section_number":"18.2-104","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/18.2-104\/","token":"18.2\/5\/3\/18.2-104","metadata":false},{"id":60229,"structure_id":13748,"section_number":"18.2-104.1","catch_line":"Liability upon conviction under \u00a7 18.2-103","url":"\/18.2-104.1\/","token":"18.2\/5\/3\/18.2-104.1","metadata":false},{"id":83548,"structure_id":13748,"section_number":"18.2-105","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/18.2-105\/","token":"18.2\/5\/3\/18.2-105","metadata":false},{"id":54750,"structure_id":13748,"section_number":"18.2-105.1","catch_line":"Detention of suspected shoplifter","url":"\/18.2-105.1\/","token":"18.2\/5\/3\/18.2-105.1","metadata":false},{"id":85934,"structure_id":13748,"section_number":"18.2-105.2","catch_line":"Manufacture, sale, etc., of devices to shield against electronic detection of shoplifting prohibited; penalty","url":"\/18.2-105.2\/","token":"18.2\/5\/3\/18.2-105.2","metadata":false},{"id":85827,"structure_id":13748,"section_number":"18.2-106","catch_line":"\"Agents of the merchant\" defined","url":"\/18.2-106\/","token":"18.2\/5\/3\/18.2-106","metadata":false},{"id":86569,"structure_id":13748,"section_number":"18.2-107","catch_line":"Theft or destruction of public records by others than officers","url":"\/18.2-107\/","token":"18.2\/5\/3\/18.2-107","metadata":false},{"id":78282,"structure_id":13748,"section_number":"18.2-108","catch_line":"Receiving, etc., stolen goods","url":"\/18.2-108\/","token":"18.2\/5\/3\/18.2-108","metadata":false},{"id":54822,"structure_id":13748,"section_number":"18.2-108.01","catch_line":"Larceny with intent to sell or distribute; sale of stolen property; penalty","url":"\/18.2-108.01\/","token":"18.2\/5\/3\/18.2-108.01","metadata":false},{"id":57561,"structure_id":13748,"section_number":"18.2-108.1","catch_line":"Receipt of stolen firearm","url":"\/18.2-108.1\/","token":"18.2\/5\/3\/18.2-108.1","metadata":false},{"id":76334,"structure_id":13748,"section_number":"18.2-109","catch_line":"Receipt or transfer of possession of stolen vehicle, aircraft or boat","url":"\/18.2-109\/","token":"18.2\/5\/3\/18.2-109","metadata":false},{"id":56172,"structure_id":13748,"section_number":"18.2-110","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/18.2-110\/","token":"18.2\/5\/3\/18.2-110","metadata":false},{"id":57779,"structure_id":13748,"section_number":"18.2-110.1","catch_line":"Mail theft; penalty","url":"\/18.2-110.1\/","token":"18.2\/5\/3\/18.2-110.1","metadata":false},{"id":78364,"structure_id":13748,"section_number":"18.2-95","catch_line":"Grand larceny defined; how punished","url":"\/18.2-95\/","token":"18.2\/5\/3\/18.2-95","metadata":false},{"id":85076,"structure_id":13748,"section_number":"18.2-96","catch_line":"Petit larceny defined; how punished","url":"\/18.2-96\/","token":"18.2\/5\/3\/18.2-96","metadata":false},{"id":71563,"structure_id":13748,"section_number":"18.2-96.1","catch_line":"Identification of certain personalty","url":"\/18.2-96.1\/","token":"18.2\/5\/3\/18.2-96.1","metadata":false},{"id":63700,"structure_id":13748,"section_number":"18.2-97","catch_line":"Larceny of certain animals and poultry","url":"\/18.2-97\/","token":"18.2\/5\/3\/18.2-97","metadata":false},{"id":77024,"structure_id":13748,"section_number":"18.2-97.1","catch_line":"Removal of a transmitting device; penalty","url":"\/18.2-97.1\/","token":"18.2\/5\/3\/18.2-97.1","metadata":false},{"id":72452,"structure_id":13748,"section_number":"18.2-98","catch_line":"Larceny of bank notes, checks, etc., or any book of accounts","url":"\/18.2-98\/","token":"18.2\/5\/3\/18.2-98","metadata":false},{"id":68304,"structure_id":13748,"section_number":"18.2-98.1","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/18.2-98.1\/","token":"18.2\/5\/3\/18.2-98.1","metadata":false},{"id":79129,"structure_id":13748,"section_number":"18.2-99","catch_line":"Larceny of things fixed to the freehold","url":"\/18.2-99\/","token":"18.2\/5\/3\/18.2-99","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":85101,"structure_id":13748,"section_number":"18.2-104","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/18.2-104\/","token":"18.2\/5\/3\/18.2-104","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":83548,"structure_id":13748,"section_number":"18.2-105","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/18.2-105\/","token":"18.2\/5\/3\/18.2-105","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/18.2-104.1\/","history_text":"<p>This law was first created in 1976. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 577 of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. Unfortunately, the 1976 \u201cActs\u201d aren\u2019t available online.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":[{"id":67960,"section_number":"18.2-103","catch_line":"Concealing or taking possession of merchandise; altering price tags; transferring goods from one container to another; counseling, etc., another in performance of such acts","order_by":null,"url":"\/18.2-103\/"}],"permalink":{"id":165415,"object_type":"law","relational_id":60229,"identifier":"18.2-104.1","token":"18.2\/5\/3\/18.2-104.1","url":"\/18.2-104.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/18.2-104.1\/","token":"18.2\/5\/3\/18.2-104.1","dublin_core":{"Title":"Liability upon conviction under \u00a7 18.2-103","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 18.2-104.1","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section><p>Any person who has been convicted of violating the provisions of \u00a7&nbsp;<a class=\"law\" title=\"Concealing or taking possession of merchandise; altering price tags; transferring goods from one container to another; counseling, etc., another in performance of such acts\" href=\"\/18.2-103\/\">18.2-103<\/a> shall be civilly liable to the owner for the retail value of any goods and merchandise illegally converted and not recovered by the owner, and for all costs incurred in prosecuting such person under the provisions of \u00a7&nbsp;<a class=\"law\" title=\"Concealing or taking possession of merchandise; altering price tags; transferring goods from one container to another; counseling, etc., another in performance of such acts\" href=\"\/18.2-103\/\">18.2-103<\/a>. Such costs shall be limited to actual expenses, including the base wage of one employee acting as a <span class=\"dictionary\">witness<\/span> for the Commonwealth and suit costs. Provided, however, the total amount of allowable costs granted hereunder shall not exceed $250, excluding the retail value of the goods and merchandise.<\/p><\/section>","plain_text":"                                 CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nLIABILITY UPON CONVICTION UNDER \u00a7 18.2-103 (\u00a7 18.2-104.1)\n\nAny person who has been convicted of violating the provisions of \u00a7 18.2-103\nshall be civilly liable to the owner for the retail value of any goods and\nmerchandise illegally converted and not recovered by the owner, and for all\ncosts incurred in prosecuting such person under the provisions of \u00a7 18.2-103.\nSuch costs shall be limited to actual expenses, including the base wage of one\nemployee acting as a witness for the Commonwealth and suit costs. Provided,\nhowever, the total amount of allowable costs granted hereunder shall not exceed\n$250, excluding the retail value of the goods and merchandise.\n\nHISTORY: 1976, c. 577.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}