{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/18.2-118.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/18.2-118.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/18.2-118.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/18.2-118.html"}],"law_id":66189,"edition_id":1,"section_id":66189,"structure_id":13244,"section_number":"18.2-118","catch_line":"Fraudulent conversion or removal of leased personal property","history":"Code 1950, \u00a7 18.1-117.1; 1966, c. 474; 1975, cc. 14, 15; 1978, c. 675; 2013, c. 536; 2014, c. 56.","full_text":"A\n\nWhenever any person is in possession or control of any personal property, by virtue of or subject to a written lease of such property, except property described in § 18.2-117 or in the Virginia Lease-Purchase Agreement Act (§ 59.1-207.17 et seq.), and such person so in possession or control shall, with intent to defraud, sell, secrete, or destroy the property, or dispose of the property for his own use, or fraudulently remove the same from the Commonwealth without the written consent of the lessor thereof, or fail to return such property to the lessor thereof within 30 days after expiration of the lease or rental period for such property stated in such written lease, he shall be deemed guilty of the larceny thereof.B\n\nThe fact that such person signs the lease or rental agreement with a name other than his own, or fails to return such property to the lessor thereof within 30 days after the giving of written notice to such person that the lease or rental period for such property has expired, shall be prima facie evidence of intent to defraud. For purposes of this section, notice mailed by certified mail and addressed to such person at the address of the lessee stated in the lease, shall be sufficient giving of written notice under this section.C\n\nThe venue of prosecution under this section shall be the county or city in which such property was leased or in which such accused person last had a legal residence.D\n\nThe court shall order a person found guilty of an offense under this section to make restitution as the court deems appropriate to the lessor. Such restitution may include (i) the cost of repairing such property; (ii) if the property is not returned or cannot reasonably be repaired, the actual value of such property; and (iii) any reasonable loss of revenue by the lessor resulting from the fraudulent conversion or removal of such property.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":240432,"text":"Whenever any person is in possession or control of any personal property, by virtue of or subject to a written lease of such property, except property described in § 18.2-117 or in the Virginia Lease-Purchase Agreement Act (§ 59.1-207.17 et seq.), and such person so in possession or control shall, with intent to defraud, sell, secrete, or destroy the property, or dispose of the property for his own use, or fraudulently remove the same from the Commonwealth without the written consent of the lessor thereof, or fail to return such property to the lessor thereof within 30 days after expiration of the lease or rental period for such property stated in such written lease, he shall be deemed guilty of the larceny thereof.","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"B"},"1":{"id":240433,"text":"The fact that such person signs the lease or rental agreement with a name other than his own, or fails to return such property to the lessor thereof within 30 days after the giving of written notice to such person that the lease or rental period for such property has expired, shall be prima facie evidence of intent to defraud. For purposes of this section, notice mailed by certified mail and addressed to such person at the address of the lessee stated in the lease, shall be sufficient giving of written notice under this section.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"C"},"2":{"id":240434,"text":"The venue of prosecution under this section shall be the county or city in which such property was leased or in which such accused person last had a legal residence.","type":"section","prefixes":["C"],"prefix":"C","entire_prefix":"C","prefix_anchor":"C","level":1,"prior_prefix":"B","next_prefix":"D"},"3":{"id":240435,"text":"The court shall order a person found guilty of an offense under this section to make restitution as the court deems appropriate to the lessor. Such restitution may include (i) the cost of repairing such property; (ii) if the property is not returned or cannot reasonably be repaired, the actual value of such property; and (iii) any reasonable loss of revenue by the lessor resulting from the fraudulent conversion or removal of such property.","type":"section","prefixes":["D"],"prefix":"D","entire_prefix":"D","prefix_anchor":"D","level":1,"prior_prefix":"C"}},"ancestry":[{"id":13244,"edition_id":1,"name":"Embezzlement and Fraudulent Conversions","identifier":"4","label":"article","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13243,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:30","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:30","permalink":{"id":165495,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13244,"identifier":"4","token":"18.2\/5\/4","url":"\/18.2\/5\/4\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13243,"edition_id":1,"name":"Crimes Against Property","identifier":"5","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12972,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:30","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:30","permalink":{"id":165299,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13243,"identifier":"5","token":"18.2\/5","url":"\/18.2\/5\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12972,"edition_id":1,"name":"Crimes and Offenses Generally","identifier":"18.2","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:05","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:05","permalink":{"id":164139,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12972,"identifier":"18.2","token":"18.2","url":"\/18.2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":54258,"structure_id":13244,"section_number":"18.2-111","catch_line":"Embezzlement deemed larceny; indictment","url":"\/18.2-111\/","token":"18.2\/5\/4\/18.2-111","metadata":false},{"id":65596,"structure_id":13244,"section_number":"18.2-111.1","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/18.2-111.1\/","token":"18.2\/5\/4\/18.2-111.1","metadata":false},{"id":63297,"structure_id":13244,"section_number":"18.2-111.2","catch_line":"Failure to pay withheld child support; embezzlement","url":"\/18.2-111.2\/","token":"18.2\/5\/4\/18.2-111.2","metadata":false},{"id":75484,"structure_id":13244,"section_number":"18.2-112","catch_line":"Embezzlement by officers, etc., of public or other funds; default in paying over funds evidence of guilt","url":"\/18.2-112\/","token":"18.2\/5\/4\/18.2-112","metadata":false},{"id":63015,"structure_id":13244,"section_number":"18.2-112.1","catch_line":"Misuse of public assets; penalty","url":"\/18.2-112.1\/","token":"18.2\/5\/4\/18.2-112.1","metadata":false},{"id":87465,"structure_id":13244,"section_number":"18.2-113","catch_line":"Fraudulent entries, etc., in accounts by officers or clerks of financial institutions, joint stock companies or corporations; penalty","url":"\/18.2-113\/","token":"18.2\/5\/4\/18.2-113","metadata":false},{"id":59127,"structure_id":13244,"section_number":"18.2-114","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/18.2-114\/","token":"18.2\/5\/4\/18.2-114","metadata":false},{"id":63002,"structure_id":13244,"section_number":"18.2-114.1","catch_line":"When collection of money by commissioner, etc., larceny","url":"\/18.2-114.1\/","token":"18.2\/5\/4\/18.2-114.1","metadata":false},{"id":77690,"structure_id":13244,"section_number":"18.2-115","catch_line":"Fraudulent conversion or removal of property subject to lien or title to which is in another","url":"\/18.2-115\/","token":"18.2\/5\/4\/18.2-115","metadata":false},{"id":61526,"structure_id":13244,"section_number":"18.2-115.1","catch_line":"Unlawful sublease of a motor vehicle; penalty","url":"\/18.2-115.1\/","token":"18.2\/5\/4\/18.2-115.1","metadata":false},{"id":80923,"structure_id":13244,"section_number":"18.2-116","catch_line":"Failure to pay for or return goods delivered for selection or approval","url":"\/18.2-116\/","token":"18.2\/5\/4\/18.2-116","metadata":false},{"id":54245,"structure_id":13244,"section_number":"18.2-117","catch_line":"Failure of bailee to return animal, aircraft, vehicle or boat","url":"\/18.2-117\/","token":"18.2\/5\/4\/18.2-117","metadata":false},{"id":66189,"structure_id":13244,"section_number":"18.2-118","catch_line":"Fraudulent conversion or removal of leased personal property","url":"\/18.2-118\/","token":"18.2\/5\/4\/18.2-118","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":54245,"structure_id":13244,"section_number":"18.2-117","catch_line":"Failure of bailee to return animal, aircraft, vehicle or boat","url":"\/18.2-117\/","token":"18.2\/5\/4\/18.2-117","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/18.2-118\/","history_text":"

The record of this law\u2019s original creation isn\u2019t available online. It has been modified 5 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 1966, chapter 474; in 1975, chapters 14 and 15; in 1978, chapter 675; in 2013, chapter 536<\/a>; in 2014, chapter 56<\/a>.<\/p>","references":[{"id":58970,"section_number":"19.2-327.15","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/19.2-327.15\/"}],"refers_to":[{"id":54245,"section_number":"18.2-117","catch_line":"Failure of bailee to return animal, aircraft, vehicle or boat","order_by":null,"url":"\/18.2-117\/"},{"id":59658,"section_number":"59.1-207.17","catch_line":"Title","order_by":null,"url":"\/59.1-207.17\/"}],"permalink":{"id":165545,"object_type":"law","relational_id":66189,"identifier":"18.2-118","token":"18.2\/5\/4\/18.2-118","url":"\/18.2-118\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/18.2-118\/","token":"18.2\/5\/4\/18.2-118","dublin_core":{"Title":"Fraudulent conversion or removal of leased personal property","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 18.2-118","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A.<\/span> Whenever any person is in possession<\/span> or control of any personal property, by virtue of or subject to a written lease of such property, except property described in § 18.2-117<\/a> or in the Virginia Lease-Purchase Agreement Act (§ 59.1-207.17<\/a> et seq.), and such person so in possession<\/span> or control shall, with intent<\/span> to defraud, sell, secrete, or destroy the property, or dispose of the property for his own use, or fraudulently remove the same from the Commonwealth without the written consent of the lessor thereof, or fail to return such property to the lessor thereof within 30 days after expiration of the lease or rental period for such property stated in such written lease, he shall be deemed guilty of the larceny<\/span> thereof. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> The fact<\/span> that such person signs the lease or rental agreement with a name other than his own, or fails to return such property to the lessor thereof within 30 days after the giving of written notice to such person that the lease or rental period for such property has expired, shall be prima facie evidence<\/span> of intent<\/span> to defraud. For purposes of this section, notice mailed by certified mail and addressed to such person at the address of the lessee stated in the lease, shall be sufficient giving of written notice under this section. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

C.<\/span> The venue<\/span> of prosecution<\/span> under this section shall be the county or city in which such property was leased or in which such accused<\/span> person last had a legal residence. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

D.<\/span> The court<\/span> shall order<\/span> a person found guilty of an offense<\/span> under this section to make restitution<\/span> as the court<\/span> deems appropriate to the lessor. Such restitution<\/span> may include (i) the cost of repairing such property; (ii) if the property is not returned or cannot reasonably be repaired, the actual value of such property; and (iii) any reasonable loss of revenue by the lessor resulting from the fraudulent conversion or removal of such property. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nFRAUDULENT CONVERSION OR REMOVAL OF LEASED PERSONAL PROPERTY (\u00a7 18.2-118)\n\nA. Whenever any person is in possession or control of any personal property, by\nvirtue of or subject to a written lease of such property, except property\ndescribed in § 18.2-117 or in the Virginia Lease-Purchase Agreement Act\n(§ 59.1-207.17 et seq.), and such person so in possession or control shall,\nwith intent to defraud, sell, secrete, or destroy the property, or dispose of\nthe property for his own use, or fraudulently remove the same from the\nCommonwealth without the written consent of the lessor thereof, or fail to\nreturn such property to the lessor thereof within 30 days after expiration of\nthe lease or rental period for such property stated in such written lease, he\nshall be deemed guilty of the larceny thereof.\n\nB. The fact that such person signs the lease or rental agreement with a name\nother than his own, or fails to return such property to the lessor thereof\nwithin 30 days after the giving of written notice to such person that the lease\nor rental period for such property has expired, shall be prima facie evidence of\nintent to defraud. For purposes of this section, notice mailed by certified mail\nand addressed to such person at the address of the lessee stated in the lease,\nshall be sufficient giving of written notice under this section.\n\nC. The venue of prosecution under this section shall be the county or city in\nwhich such property was leased or in which such accused person last had a legal\nresidence.\n\nD. The court shall order a person found guilty of an offense under this section\nto make restitution as the court deems appropriate to the lessor. Such\nrestitution may include (i) the cost of repairing such property; (ii) if the\nproperty is not returned or cannot reasonably be repaired, the actual value of\nsuch property; and (iii) any reasonable loss of revenue by the lessor resulting\nfrom the fraudulent conversion or removal of such property.\n\nHISTORY: Code 1950, \u00a7 18.1-117.1; 1966, c. 474; 1975, cc. 14, 15; 1978, c. 675;\n2013, c. 536; 2014, c. 56.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}