{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/18.2-130.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/18.2-130.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/18.2-130.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/18.2-130.html"}],"law_id":62388,"edition_id":1,"section_id":62388,"structure_id":15771,"section_number":"18.2-130","catch_line":"Peeping or spying into dwelling or enclosure","history":"Code 1950, \u00a7 18.1-174; 1960, c. 358; 1975, cc. 14, 15; 1992, c. 520; 1999, c. 351; 2003, cc. 81, 87.","full_text":"A\n\nIt shall be unlawful for any person to enter upon the property of another and secretly or furtively peep, spy or attempt to peep or spy into or through a window, door or other aperture of any building, structure, or other enclosure of any nature occupied or intended for occupancy as a dwelling, whether or not such building, structure or enclosure is permanently situated or transportable and whether or not such occupancy is permanent or temporary, or to do the same, without just cause, upon property owned by him and leased or rented to another under circumstances that would violate the occupant’s reasonable expectation of privacy.B\n\nIt shall be unlawful for any person to use a peephole or other aperture to secretly or furtively peep, spy or attempt to peep or spy into a restroom, dressing room, locker room, hotel room, motel room, tanning bed, tanning booth, bedroom or other location or enclosure for the purpose of viewing any nonconsenting person who is totally nude, clad in undergarments, or in a state of undress exposing the genitals, pubic area, buttocks or female breast and the circumstances are such that the person would otherwise have a reasonable expectation of privacy.C\n\nThe provisions of this section shall not apply to a lawful criminal investigation or a correctional official or local or regional jail official conducting surveillance for security purposes or during an investigation of alleged misconduct involving a person committed to the Department of Corrections or to a local or regional jail.D\n\nAs used in this section, “peephole” means any hole, crack or other similar opening through which a person can see.E\n\nA violation of this section is a Class 1 misdemeanor.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":227521,"text":"It shall be unlawful for any person to enter upon the property of another and secretly or furtively peep, spy or attempt to peep or spy into or through a window, door or other aperture of any building, structure, or other enclosure of any nature occupied or intended for occupancy as a dwelling, whether or not such building, structure or enclosure is permanently situated or transportable and whether or not such occupancy is permanent or temporary, or to do the same, without just cause, upon property owned by him and leased or rented to another under circumstances that would violate the occupant’s reasonable expectation of privacy.","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"B"},"1":{"id":227522,"text":"It shall be unlawful for any person to use a peephole or other aperture to secretly or furtively peep, spy or attempt to peep or spy into a restroom, dressing room, locker room, hotel room, motel room, tanning bed, tanning booth, bedroom or other location or enclosure for the purpose of viewing any nonconsenting person who is totally nude, clad in undergarments, or in a state of undress exposing the genitals, pubic area, buttocks or female breast and the circumstances are such that the person would otherwise have a reasonable expectation of privacy.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"C"},"2":{"id":227523,"text":"The provisions of this section shall not apply to a lawful criminal investigation or a correctional official or local or regional jail official conducting surveillance for security purposes or during an investigation of alleged misconduct involving a person committed to the Department of Corrections or to a local or regional jail.","type":"section","prefixes":["C"],"prefix":"C","entire_prefix":"C","prefix_anchor":"C","level":1,"prior_prefix":"B","next_prefix":"D"},"3":{"id":227524,"text":"As used in this section, “peephole” means any hole, crack or other similar opening through which a person can see.","type":"section","prefixes":["D"],"prefix":"D","entire_prefix":"D","prefix_anchor":"D","level":1,"prior_prefix":"C","next_prefix":"E"},"4":{"id":227525,"text":"A violation of this section is a Class 1 misdemeanor.","type":"section","prefixes":["E"],"prefix":"E","entire_prefix":"E","prefix_anchor":"E","level":1,"prior_prefix":"D"}},"ancestry":[{"id":15771,"edition_id":1,"name":"Trespass to Realty","identifier":"5","label":"article","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13243,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:59:19","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:59:19","permalink":{"id":165549,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":15771,"identifier":"5","token":"18.2\/5\/5","url":"\/18.2\/5\/5\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13243,"edition_id":1,"name":"Crimes Against Property","identifier":"5","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12972,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:30","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:30","permalink":{"id":165299,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13243,"identifier":"5","token":"18.2\/5","url":"\/18.2\/5\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12972,"edition_id":1,"name":"Crimes and Offenses Generally","identifier":"18.2","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:05","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:05","permalink":{"id":164139,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12972,"identifier":"18.2","token":"18.2","url":"\/18.2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":76989,"structure_id":15771,"section_number":"18.2-119","catch_line":"Trespass after having been forbidden to do so; penalties","url":"\/18.2-119\/","token":"18.2\/5\/5\/18.2-119","metadata":false},{"id":74410,"structure_id":15771,"section_number":"18.2-119.1","catch_line":"Validity of signs forbidding trespass; penalty","url":"\/18.2-119.1\/","token":"18.2\/5\/5\/18.2-119.1","metadata":false},{"id":82145,"structure_id":15771,"section_number":"18.2-120","catch_line":"Instigating, etc., such trespass by others; preventing service to persons not forbidden to trespass","url":"\/18.2-120\/","token":"18.2\/5\/5\/18.2-120","metadata":false},{"id":68767,"structure_id":15771,"section_number":"18.2-121","catch_line":"Entering property of another for purpose of damaging it, etc.; penalties","url":"\/18.2-121\/","token":"18.2\/5\/5\/18.2-121","metadata":false},{"id":80533,"structure_id":15771,"section_number":"18.2-121.1","catch_line":"Permitting certain animals to run at large","url":"\/18.2-121.1\/","token":"18.2\/5\/5\/18.2-121.1","metadata":false},{"id":70083,"structure_id":15771,"section_number":"18.2-121.2","catch_line":"Trespass by spotlight on agricultural land","url":"\/18.2-121.2\/","token":"18.2\/5\/5\/18.2-121.2","metadata":false},{"id":78050,"structure_id":15771,"section_number":"18.2-121.3","catch_line":"Trespass with an unmanned aircraft system; 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18.2-135","url":"\/18.2-136.1\/","token":"18.2\/5\/5\/18.2-136.1","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":63739,"structure_id":15771,"section_number":"18.2-129","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/18.2-129\/","token":"18.2\/5\/5\/18.2-129","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":70019,"structure_id":15771,"section_number":"18.2-130.1","catch_line":"Peeping or spying into dwelling or occupied building by electronic device or unmanned aircraft system; penalty","url":"\/18.2-130.1\/","token":"18.2\/5\/5\/18.2-130.1","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/18.2-130\/","history_text":"

The record of this law\u2019s original creation isn\u2019t available online. It has been modified 5 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 1960, chapter 358; in 1975, chapters 14 and 15; in 1992, chapter 520; in 1999, chapter 351<\/a>; in 2003, chapters 81<\/a> and 87<\/a>.<\/p>","references":[{"id":73718,"section_number":"18.2-67.5:1","catch_line":"Punishment upon conviction of third misdemeanor offense","order_by":null,"url":"\/18.2-67.5_1\/"},{"id":80703,"section_number":"19.2-169.3","catch_line":"Disposition of the unrestorably incompetent defendant; aggravated murder charge; sexually violent offense charge","order_by":null,"url":"\/19.2-169.3\/"},{"id":55101,"section_number":"19.2-303.2","catch_line":"Persons charged with first offense may be placed on probation","order_by":null,"url":"\/19.2-303.2\/"},{"id":72639,"section_number":"19.2-310.2","catch_line":"Blood, saliva, or tissue sample required for DNA analysis upon conviction of certain crimes; fee","order_by":null,"url":"\/19.2-310.2\/"},{"id":74660,"section_number":"19.2-392.12","catch_line":"(Effective July 1, 2026) Sealing of offenses resulting in a deferred and dismissed disposition or conviction by petition","order_by":null,"url":"\/19.2-392.12\/"},{"id":69635,"section_number":"24.2-233","catch_line":"Removal of elected and certain appointed officers by courts","order_by":null,"url":"\/24.2-233\/"}],"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":165611,"object_type":"law","relational_id":62388,"identifier":"18.2-130","token":"18.2\/5\/5\/18.2-130","url":"\/18.2-130\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/18.2-130\/","token":"18.2\/5\/5\/18.2-130","dublin_core":{"Title":"Peeping or spying into dwelling or enclosure","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 18.2-130","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A.<\/span> It shall be unlawful for any person to enter upon the property of another and secretly or furtively peep, spy or attempt to peep or spy into or through a window, door or other aperture of any building, structure, or other enclosure of any nature occupied or intended for occupancy as a dwelling, whether or not such building, structure or enclosure is permanently situated or transportable and whether or not such occupancy is permanent or temporary, or to do the same, without just cause, upon property owned by him and leased or rented to another under circumstances that would violate the occupant’s reasonable expectation of privacy. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> It shall be unlawful for any person to use a peephole<\/span> or other aperture to secretly or furtively peep, spy or attempt to peep or spy into a restroom, dressing room, locker room, hotel room, motel room, tanning bed, tanning booth, bedroom or other location or enclosure for the purpose of viewing any nonconsenting person who is totally nude, clad in undergarments, or in a state of undress exposing the genitals, pubic area, buttocks or female breast and the circumstances are such that the person would otherwise have a reasonable expectation of privacy. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

C.<\/span> The provisions of this section shall not apply to a lawful criminal investigation or a correctional official or local or regional jail official conducting surveillance for security purposes or during an investigation of alleged misconduct involving a person committed to the Department of Corrections or to a local or regional jail. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

D.<\/span> As used in this section, “peephole<\/span>” means any hole, crack or other similar opening through which a person can see. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

E.<\/span> A violation of this section is a Class 1 misdemeanor<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nPEEPING OR SPYING INTO DWELLING OR ENCLOSURE (\u00a7 18.2-130)\n\nA. It shall be unlawful for any person to enter upon the property of another and\nsecretly or furtively peep, spy or attempt to peep or spy into or through a\nwindow, door or other aperture of any building, structure, or other enclosure of\nany nature occupied or intended for occupancy as a dwelling, whether or not such\nbuilding, structure or enclosure is permanently situated or transportable and\nwhether or not such occupancy is permanent or temporary, or to do the same,\nwithout just cause, upon property owned by him and leased or rented to another\nunder circumstances that would violate the occupant’s reasonable\nexpectation of privacy.\n\nB. It shall be unlawful for any person to use a peephole or other aperture to\nsecretly or furtively peep, spy or attempt to peep or spy into a restroom,\ndressing room, locker room, hotel room, motel room, tanning bed, tanning booth,\nbedroom or other location or enclosure for the purpose of viewing any\nnonconsenting person who is totally nude, clad in undergarments, or in a state\nof undress exposing the genitals, pubic area, buttocks or female breast and the\ncircumstances are such that the person would otherwise have a reasonable\nexpectation of privacy.\n\nC. The provisions of this section shall not apply to a lawful criminal\ninvestigation or a correctional official or local or regional jail official\nconducting surveillance for security purposes or during an investigation of\nalleged misconduct involving a person committed to the Department of Corrections\nor to a local or regional jail.\n\nD. As used in this section, “peephole” means any hole, crack or\nother similar opening through which a person can see.\n\nE. A violation of this section is a Class 1 misdemeanor.\n\nHISTORY: Code 1950, \u00a7 18.1-174; 1960, c. 358; 1975, cc. 14, 15; 1992, c. 520;\n1999, c. 351; 2003, cc. 81, 87.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}