{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/18.2-172.1.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/18.2-172.1.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/18.2-172.1.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/18.2-172.1.html"}],"law_id":67275,"edition_id":1,"section_id":67275,"structure_id":14553,"section_number":"18.2-172.1","catch_line":"Falsifying or altering and fraudulently using transcripts or diplomas; penalty","history":"1983, c. 91.","full_text":"Any person who materially falsifies or alters a transcript or diploma from an institution of higher education and fraudulently uses the same for pecuniary gain or in furtherance of such person&#8217;s education shall be guilty of a Class 3 misdemeanor.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":243822,"text":"Any person who materially falsifies or alters a transcript or diploma from an institution of higher education and fraudulently uses the same for pecuniary gain or in furtherance of such person&#8217;s education shall be guilty of a Class 3 misdemeanor.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1}},"ancestry":[{"id":14553,"edition_id":1,"name":"Forgery","identifier":"1","label":"article","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13358,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:48:38","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:48:38","permalink":{"id":165935,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":14553,"identifier":"1","token":"18.2\/6\/1","url":"\/18.2\/6\/1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13358,"edition_id":1,"name":"Crimes Involving Fraud","identifier":"6","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12972,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:42","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:42","permalink":{"id":165933,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13358,"identifier":"6","token":"18.2\/6","url":"\/18.2\/6\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12972,"edition_id":1,"name":"Crimes and Offenses Generally","identifier":"18.2","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:05","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:05","permalink":{"id":164139,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12972,"identifier":"18.2","token":"18.2","url":"\/18.2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":58969,"structure_id":14553,"section_number":"18.2-168","catch_line":"Forging public records, etc","url":"\/18.2-168\/","token":"18.2\/6\/1\/18.2-168","metadata":false},{"id":61755,"structure_id":14553,"section_number":"18.2-169","catch_line":"Forging, or keeping an instrument for forging, a seal","url":"\/18.2-169\/","token":"18.2\/6\/1\/18.2-169","metadata":false},{"id":56018,"structure_id":14553,"section_number":"18.2-170","catch_line":"Forging coin or bank notes","url":"\/18.2-170\/","token":"18.2\/6\/1\/18.2-170","metadata":false},{"id":82586,"structure_id":14553,"section_number":"18.2-171","catch_line":"Making or having anything designed for forging any writing, etc","url":"\/18.2-171\/","token":"18.2\/6\/1\/18.2-171","metadata":false},{"id":66592,"structure_id":14553,"section_number":"18.2-172","catch_line":"Forging, uttering, etc., other writings","url":"\/18.2-172\/","token":"18.2\/6\/1\/18.2-172","metadata":false},{"id":67275,"structure_id":14553,"section_number":"18.2-172.1","catch_line":"Falsifying or altering and fraudulently using transcripts or diplomas; penalty","url":"\/18.2-172.1\/","token":"18.2\/6\/1\/18.2-172.1","metadata":false},{"id":86670,"structure_id":14553,"section_number":"18.2-172.2","catch_line":"Maliciously affixing another's signature to writing; penalty","url":"\/18.2-172.2\/","token":"18.2\/6\/1\/18.2-172.2","metadata":false},{"id":77076,"structure_id":14553,"section_number":"18.2-173","catch_line":"Having in possession forged coin or bank notes","url":"\/18.2-173\/","token":"18.2\/6\/1\/18.2-173","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":66592,"structure_id":14553,"section_number":"18.2-172","catch_line":"Forging, uttering, etc., other writings","url":"\/18.2-172\/","token":"18.2\/6\/1\/18.2-172","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":86670,"structure_id":14553,"section_number":"18.2-172.2","catch_line":"Maliciously affixing another's signature to writing; penalty","url":"\/18.2-172.2\/","token":"18.2\/6\/1\/18.2-172.2","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/18.2-172.1\/","history_text":"<p>This law was first created in 1983. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 91 of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. Unfortunately, the 1983 \u201cActs\u201d aren\u2019t available online.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":165957,"object_type":"law","relational_id":67275,"identifier":"18.2-172.1","token":"18.2\/6\/1\/18.2-172.1","url":"\/18.2-172.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/18.2-172.1\/","token":"18.2\/6\/1\/18.2-172.1","dublin_core":{"Title":"Falsifying or altering and fraudulently using transcripts or diplomas; penalty","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 18.2-172.1","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section><p>Any person who materially falsifies or alters a <span class=\"dictionary\">transcript<\/span> or diploma from an institution of higher education and fraudulently uses the same for pecuniary gain or in furtherance of such person&#8217;s education shall be guilty of a Class 3 <span class=\"dictionary\">misdemeanor<\/span>.<\/p><\/section>","plain_text":"                                 CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nFALSIFYING OR ALTERING AND FRAUDULENTLY USING TRANSCRIPTS OR DIPLOMAS; PENALTY\n(\u00a7 18.2-172.1)\n\nAny person who materially falsifies or alters a transcript or diploma from an\ninstitution of higher education and fraudulently uses the same for pecuniary\ngain or in furtherance of such person&#8217;s education shall be guilty of a\nClass 3 misdemeanor.\n\nHISTORY: 1983, c. 91.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}