{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/18.2-183.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/18.2-183.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/18.2-183.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/18.2-183.html"}],"law_id":70811,"edition_id":1,"section_id":70811,"structure_id":16051,"section_number":"18.2-183","catch_line":"Issuance of bad check prima facie evidence of intent and knowledge; notice by certified or registered mail","history":"Code 1950, \u00a7 6.1-117; 1966, c. 584; 1975, cc. 14, 15.","full_text":"In any prosecution or action under the preceding sections, the making or drawing or uttering or delivery of a check, draft, or order, payment of which is refused by the drawee because of lack of funds or credit shall be prima facie evidence of intent to defraud or of knowledge of insufficient funds in, or credit with, such bank, banking institution, trust company or other depository unless such maker or drawer, or someone for him, shall have paid the holder thereof the amount due thereon, together with interest, and protest fees (if any), within five days after receiving written notice that such check, draft, or order has not been paid to the holder thereof. Notice mailed by certified or registered mail, evidenced by return receipt, to the last known address of the maker or drawer shall be deemed sufficient and equivalent to notice having been received by the maker or drawer.\n\t\tIf such check, draft or order shows on its face a printed or written address, home, office, or otherwise, of the maker or drawer, then the foregoing notice, when sent by certified or registered mail to such address, with or without return receipt requested, shall be deemed sufficient and equivalent to notice having been received by the maker or drawer, whether such notice shall be returned undelivered or not.\n\t\tWhen a check is drawn on a bank in which the maker or drawer has no account, it shall be presumed that such check was issued with intent to defraud, and the five-day notice set forth above shall not be required in such case.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":255387,"text":"In any prosecution or action under the preceding sections, the making or drawing or uttering or delivery of a check, draft, or order, payment of which is refused by the drawee because of lack of funds or credit shall be prima facie evidence of intent to defraud or of knowledge of insufficient funds in, or credit with, such bank, banking institution, trust company or other depository unless such maker or drawer, or someone for him, shall have paid the holder thereof the amount due thereon, together with interest, and protest fees (if any), within five days after receiving written notice that such check, draft, or order has not been paid to the holder thereof. Notice mailed by certified or registered mail, evidenced by return receipt, to the last known address of the maker or drawer shall be deemed sufficient and equivalent to notice having been received by the maker or drawer.\n\t\tIf such check, draft or order shows on its face a printed or written address, home, office, or otherwise, of the maker or drawer, then the foregoing notice, when sent by certified or registered mail to such address, with or without return receipt requested, shall be deemed sufficient and equivalent to notice having been received by the maker or drawer, whether such notice shall be returned undelivered or not.\n\t\tWhen a check is drawn on a bank in which the maker or drawer has no account, it shall be presumed that such check was issued with intent to defraud, and the five-day notice set forth above shall not be required in such case.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1}},"ancestry":[{"id":16051,"edition_id":1,"name":"Bad Check Law","identifier":"4","label":"article","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13358,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 04:04:44","date_modified":"2026-06-26 04:04:44","permalink":{"id":166059,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":16051,"identifier":"4","token":"18.2\/6\/4","url":"\/18.2\/6\/4\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13358,"edition_id":1,"name":"Crimes Involving Fraud","identifier":"6","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12972,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:42","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:42","permalink":{"id":165933,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13358,"identifier":"6","token":"18.2\/6","url":"\/18.2\/6\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12972,"edition_id":1,"name":"Crimes and Offenses Generally","identifier":"18.2","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:05","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:05","permalink":{"id":164139,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12972,"identifier":"18.2","token":"18.2","url":"\/18.2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":84288,"structure_id":16051,"section_number":"18.2-181","catch_line":"Issuing bad checks, etc., larceny","url":"\/18.2-181\/","token":"18.2\/6\/4\/18.2-181","metadata":false},{"id":71270,"structure_id":16051,"section_number":"18.2-181.1","catch_line":"Issuance of bad checks","url":"\/18.2-181.1\/","token":"18.2\/6\/4\/18.2-181.1","metadata":false},{"id":63017,"structure_id":16051,"section_number":"18.2-182","catch_line":"Issuing bad checks on behalf of business firm or corporation in payment of wages; penalty","url":"\/18.2-182\/","token":"18.2\/6\/4\/18.2-182","metadata":false},{"id":78579,"structure_id":16051,"section_number":"18.2-182.1","catch_line":"Issuing bad checks in payment of taxes","url":"\/18.2-182.1\/","token":"18.2\/6\/4\/18.2-182.1","metadata":false},{"id":70811,"structure_id":16051,"section_number":"18.2-183","catch_line":"Issuance of bad check prima facie evidence of intent and knowledge; notice by certified or registered mail","url":"\/18.2-183\/","token":"18.2\/6\/4\/18.2-183","metadata":false},{"id":63053,"structure_id":16051,"section_number":"18.2-184","catch_line":"Presumption as to notation attached to check, draft or order","url":"\/18.2-184\/","token":"18.2\/6\/4\/18.2-184","metadata":false},{"id":81044,"structure_id":16051,"section_number":"18.2-185","catch_line":"Evidence and presumptions in malicious prosecution actions after issuance of bad check","url":"\/18.2-185\/","token":"18.2\/6\/4\/18.2-185","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":78579,"structure_id":16051,"section_number":"18.2-182.1","catch_line":"Issuing bad checks in payment of taxes","url":"\/18.2-182.1\/","token":"18.2\/6\/4\/18.2-182.1","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":63053,"structure_id":16051,"section_number":"18.2-184","catch_line":"Presumption as to notation attached to check, draft or order","url":"\/18.2-184\/","token":"18.2\/6\/4\/18.2-184","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/18.2-183\/","history_text":"

The record of this law\u2019s original creation isn\u2019t available online. It has been modified 2 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 1966, chapter 584; in 1975, chapters 14 and 15.<\/p>","references":[{"id":74739,"section_number":"17.1-626.1","catch_line":"Recovery of costs in civil actions for bad checks","order_by":null,"url":"\/17.1-626.1\/"},{"id":81044,"section_number":"18.2-185","catch_line":"Evidence and presumptions in malicious prosecution actions after issuance of bad check","order_by":null,"url":"\/18.2-185\/"},{"id":56516,"section_number":"8.01-226.10","catch_line":"Civil immunity for causing the arrest of a person for a bad check","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.01-226.10\/"}],"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":166077,"object_type":"law","relational_id":70811,"identifier":"18.2-183","token":"18.2\/6\/4\/18.2-183","url":"\/18.2-183\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/18.2-183\/","token":"18.2\/6\/4\/18.2-183","dublin_core":{"Title":"Issuance of bad check prima facie evidence of intent and knowledge; notice by certified or registered mail","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 18.2-183","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

In any prosecution<\/span> or action under the preceding sections, the making or drawing or uttering or delivery of a check, draft, or order<\/span>, payment of which is refused by the drawee because of lack of funds or credit shall be prima facie evidence<\/span> of intent<\/span> to defraud or of knowledge of insufficient funds in, or credit with, such bank, banking institution, trust company or other depository unless such maker or drawer, or someone for him, shall have paid the holder thereof the amount due thereon, together with interest, and protest fees (if any), within five days after receiving written notice that such check, draft, or order<\/span> has not been paid to the holder thereof. Notice mailed by certified or registered mail, evidenced by return receipt, to the last known address of the maker or drawer shall be deemed sufficient and equivalent to notice having been received by the maker or drawer.\n\t\tIf such check, draft or order<\/span> shows on its face a printed or written address, home, office, or otherwise, of the maker or drawer, then the foregoing notice, when sent by certified or registered mail to such address, with or without return receipt requested, shall be deemed sufficient and equivalent to notice having been received by the maker or drawer, whether such notice shall be returned undelivered or not.\n\t\tWhen a check is drawn on a bank in which the maker or drawer has no account, it shall be presumed that such check was issued with intent<\/span> to defraud, and the five-day notice set forth above shall not be required in such case.<\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nISSUANCE OF BAD CHECK PRIMA FACIE EVIDENCE OF INTENT AND KNOWLEDGE; NOTICE BY\nCERTIFIED OR REGISTERED MAIL (\u00a7 18.2-183)\n\nIn any prosecution or action under the preceding sections, the making or drawing\nor uttering or delivery of a check, draft, or order, payment of which is refused\nby the drawee because of lack of funds or credit shall be prima facie evidence\nof intent to defraud or of knowledge of insufficient funds in, or credit with,\nsuch bank, banking institution, trust company or other depository unless such\nmaker or drawer, or someone for him, shall have paid the holder thereof the\namount due thereon, together with interest, and protest fees (if any), within\nfive days after receiving written notice that such check, draft, or order has\nnot been paid to the holder thereof. Notice mailed by certified or registered\nmail, evidenced by return receipt, to the last known address of the maker or\ndrawer shall be deemed sufficient and equivalent to notice having been received\nby the maker or drawer.\n\t\tIf such check, draft or order shows on its face a printed or written address,\nhome, office, or otherwise, of the maker or drawer, then the foregoing notice,\nwhen sent by certified or registered mail to such address, with or without\nreturn receipt requested, shall be deemed sufficient and equivalent to notice\nhaving been received by the maker or drawer, whether such notice shall be\nreturned undelivered or not.\n\t\tWhen a check is drawn on a bank in which the maker or drawer has no account,\nit shall be presumed that such check was issued with intent to defraud, and the\nfive-day notice set forth above shall not be required in such case.\n\nHISTORY: Code 1950, \u00a7 6.1-117; 1966, c. 584; 1975, cc. 14, 15.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}