{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/18.2-184.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/18.2-184.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/18.2-184.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/18.2-184.html"}],"law_id":63053,"edition_id":1,"section_id":63053,"structure_id":16051,"section_number":"18.2-184","catch_line":"Presumption as to notation attached to check, draft or order","history":"Code 1950, \u00a7 6.1-117.1; 1970, c. 695; 1974, c. 322; 1975, cc. 14, 15.","full_text":"In any prosecution or action under the preceding sections, any notation attached to or stamped upon a check, draft or order which is refused by the drawee because of lack of funds or credit, bearing the terms &#8220;not sufficient funds,&#8221; &#8220;uncollected funds,&#8221; &#8220;account closed,&#8221; or &#8220;no account in this name,&#8221; or words of similar import, shall be prima facie evidence that such notation is true and correct.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":229979,"text":"In any prosecution or action under the preceding sections, any notation attached to or stamped upon a check, draft or order which is refused by the drawee because of lack of funds or credit, bearing the terms &#8220;not sufficient funds,&#8221; &#8220;uncollected funds,&#8221; &#8220;account closed,&#8221; or &#8220;no account in this name,&#8221; or words of similar import, shall be prima facie evidence that such notation is true and correct.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1}},"ancestry":[{"id":16051,"edition_id":1,"name":"Bad Check Law","identifier":"4","label":"article","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13358,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 04:04:44","date_modified":"2026-06-26 04:04:44","permalink":{"id":166059,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":16051,"identifier":"4","token":"18.2\/6\/4","url":"\/18.2\/6\/4\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13358,"edition_id":1,"name":"Crimes Involving Fraud","identifier":"6","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12972,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:42","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:42","permalink":{"id":165933,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13358,"identifier":"6","token":"18.2\/6","url":"\/18.2\/6\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12972,"edition_id":1,"name":"Crimes and Offenses Generally","identifier":"18.2","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:05","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:05","permalink":{"id":164139,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12972,"identifier":"18.2","token":"18.2","url":"\/18.2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":84288,"structure_id":16051,"section_number":"18.2-181","catch_line":"Issuing bad checks, etc., larceny","url":"\/18.2-181\/","token":"18.2\/6\/4\/18.2-181","metadata":false},{"id":71270,"structure_id":16051,"section_number":"18.2-181.1","catch_line":"Issuance of bad checks","url":"\/18.2-181.1\/","token":"18.2\/6\/4\/18.2-181.1","metadata":false},{"id":63017,"structure_id":16051,"section_number":"18.2-182","catch_line":"Issuing bad checks on behalf of business firm or corporation in payment of wages; penalty","url":"\/18.2-182\/","token":"18.2\/6\/4\/18.2-182","metadata":false},{"id":78579,"structure_id":16051,"section_number":"18.2-182.1","catch_line":"Issuing bad checks in payment of taxes","url":"\/18.2-182.1\/","token":"18.2\/6\/4\/18.2-182.1","metadata":false},{"id":70811,"structure_id":16051,"section_number":"18.2-183","catch_line":"Issuance of bad check prima facie evidence of intent and knowledge; notice by certified or registered mail","url":"\/18.2-183\/","token":"18.2\/6\/4\/18.2-183","metadata":false},{"id":63053,"structure_id":16051,"section_number":"18.2-184","catch_line":"Presumption as to notation attached to check, draft or order","url":"\/18.2-184\/","token":"18.2\/6\/4\/18.2-184","metadata":false},{"id":81044,"structure_id":16051,"section_number":"18.2-185","catch_line":"Evidence and presumptions in malicious prosecution actions after issuance of bad check","url":"\/18.2-185\/","token":"18.2\/6\/4\/18.2-185","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":70811,"structure_id":16051,"section_number":"18.2-183","catch_line":"Issuance of bad check prima facie evidence of intent and knowledge; notice by certified or registered mail","url":"\/18.2-183\/","token":"18.2\/6\/4\/18.2-183","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":81044,"structure_id":16051,"section_number":"18.2-185","catch_line":"Evidence and presumptions in malicious prosecution actions after issuance of bad check","url":"\/18.2-185\/","token":"18.2\/6\/4\/18.2-185","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/18.2-184\/","history_text":"<p>The record of this law\u2019s original creation isn\u2019t available online. It has been modified 3 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 1970, chapter 695; in 1974, chapter 322; in 1975, chapters 14 and 15.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":166081,"object_type":"law","relational_id":63053,"identifier":"18.2-184","token":"18.2\/6\/4\/18.2-184","url":"\/18.2-184\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/18.2-184\/","token":"18.2\/6\/4\/18.2-184","dublin_core":{"Title":"Presumption as to notation attached to check, draft or order","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 18.2-184","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section><p>In any <span class=\"dictionary\">prosecution<\/span> or action under the preceding sections, any notation attached to or stamped upon a check, draft or <span class=\"dictionary\">order<\/span> which is refused by the drawee because of lack of funds or credit, bearing the terms &#8220;not sufficient funds,&#8221; &#8220;uncollected funds,&#8221; &#8220;account closed,&#8221; or &#8220;no account in this name,&#8221; or words of similar import, shall be prima facie <span class=\"dictionary\">evidence<\/span> that such notation is true and correct.<\/p><\/section>","plain_text":"                                 CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nPRESUMPTION AS TO NOTATION ATTACHED TO CHECK, DRAFT OR ORDER (\u00a7 18.2-184)\n\nIn any prosecution or action under the preceding sections, any notation attached\nto or stamped upon a check, draft or order which is refused by the drawee\nbecause of lack of funds or credit, bearing the terms &#8220;not sufficient\nfunds,&#8221; &#8220;uncollected funds,&#8221; &#8220;account closed,&#8221; or\n&#8220;no account in this name,&#8221; or words of similar import, shall be\nprima facie evidence that such notation is true and correct.\n\nHISTORY: Code 1950, \u00a7 6.1-117.1; 1970, c. 695; 1974, c. 322; 1975, cc. 14, 15.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}