{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/18.2-190.2.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/18.2-190.2.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/18.2-190.2.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/18.2-190.2.html"}],"law_id":68896,"edition_id":1,"section_id":68896,"structure_id":13853,"section_number":"18.2-190.2","catch_line":"Possession of an unlawful electronic communication device or equipment etc., used to manufacture such device; penalty","history":"1993, c. 439; 1998, c. 518; 2002, c. 671; 2003, c. 354.","full_text":"A person who knowingly possesses (i) an unlawful electronic communication device or (ii) equipment or materials used to manufacture an unlawful electronic communication device as defined in \u00a7 18.2-190.1 with the intent to manufacture an unlawful electronic communication device shall be guilty of a Class 6 felony unless such possession is by an electronic communication equipment manufacturer while lawfully acting in that capacity, or a facilities-based electronic communication service provider licensed by the Federal Communications Commission or by a law-enforcement agency.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":249387,"text":"A person who knowingly possesses (i) an unlawful electronic communication device or (ii) equipment or materials used to manufacture an unlawful electronic communication device as defined in \u00a7 18.2-190.1 with the intent to manufacture an unlawful electronic communication device shall be guilty of a Class 6 felony unless such possession is by an electronic communication equipment manufacturer while lawfully acting in that capacity, or a facilities-based electronic communication service provider licensed by the Federal Communications Commission or by a law-enforcement agency.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1}},"ancestry":[{"id":13853,"edition_id":1,"name":"Offenses Involving Electronic Communication Devices","identifier":"5.1","label":"article","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13358,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:46:05","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:46:05","permalink":{"id":166155,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13853,"identifier":"5.1","token":"18.2\/6\/5.1","url":"\/18.2\/6\/5.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13358,"edition_id":1,"name":"Crimes Involving Fraud","identifier":"6","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12972,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:42","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:42","permalink":{"id":165933,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13358,"identifier":"6","token":"18.2\/6","url":"\/18.2\/6\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12972,"edition_id":1,"name":"Crimes and Offenses Generally","identifier":"18.2","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:05","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:05","permalink":{"id":164139,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12972,"identifier":"18.2","token":"18.2","url":"\/18.2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":66452,"structure_id":13853,"section_number":"18.2-190.1","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/18.2-190.1\/","token":"18.2\/6\/5.1\/18.2-190.1","metadata":false},{"id":68896,"structure_id":13853,"section_number":"18.2-190.2","catch_line":"Possession of an unlawful electronic communication device or equipment etc., used to manufacture such device; penalty","url":"\/18.2-190.2\/","token":"18.2\/6\/5.1\/18.2-190.2","metadata":false},{"id":71988,"structure_id":13853,"section_number":"18.2-190.3","catch_line":"Sale of an unlawful electronic communication device; penalty","url":"\/18.2-190.3\/","token":"18.2\/6\/5.1\/18.2-190.3","metadata":false},{"id":65493,"structure_id":13853,"section_number":"18.2-190.4","catch_line":"Manufacture of an unlawful electronic communication device; penalty","url":"\/18.2-190.4\/","token":"18.2\/6\/5.1\/18.2-190.4","metadata":false},{"id":85030,"structure_id":13853,"section_number":"18.2-190.5","catch_line":"Separate offenses; penalty","url":"\/18.2-190.5\/","token":"18.2\/6\/5.1\/18.2-190.5","metadata":false},{"id":73751,"structure_id":13853,"section_number":"18.2-190.6","catch_line":"Restitution","url":"\/18.2-190.6\/","token":"18.2\/6\/5.1\/18.2-190.6","metadata":false},{"id":80207,"structure_id":13853,"section_number":"18.2-190.7","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/18.2-190.7\/","token":"18.2\/6\/5.1\/18.2-190.7","metadata":false},{"id":54875,"structure_id":13853,"section_number":"18.2-190.8","catch_line":"Civil relief; damages","url":"\/18.2-190.8\/","token":"18.2\/6\/5.1\/18.2-190.8","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":66452,"structure_id":13853,"section_number":"18.2-190.1","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/18.2-190.1\/","token":"18.2\/6\/5.1\/18.2-190.1","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":71988,"structure_id":13853,"section_number":"18.2-190.3","catch_line":"Sale of an unlawful electronic communication device; penalty","url":"\/18.2-190.3\/","token":"18.2\/6\/5.1\/18.2-190.3","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/18.2-190.2\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 1993. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 439 of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. Unfortunately, the 1993 \u201cActs\u201d aren\u2019t available online. It has been modified 3 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 1998, chapter 518<\/a>; in 2002, chapter 671<\/a>; in 2003, chapter 354<\/a>.<\/p>","references":[{"id":73735,"section_number":"19.2-386.18","catch_line":"Forfeiture of unlawful electronic communication devices","order_by":null,"url":"\/19.2-386.18\/"}],"refers_to":[{"id":66452,"section_number":"18.2-190.1","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/18.2-190.1\/"}],"permalink":{"id":166161,"object_type":"law","relational_id":68896,"identifier":"18.2-190.2","token":"18.2\/6\/5.1\/18.2-190.2","url":"\/18.2-190.2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/18.2-190.2\/","token":"18.2\/6\/5.1\/18.2-190.2","dublin_core":{"Title":"Possession of an unlawful electronic communication device or equipment etc., used to manufacture such device; penalty","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 18.2-190.2","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A person who knowingly possesses (i) an unlawful electronic communication device<\/span><\/span> or (ii) equipment or materials used to manufacture an unlawful electronic communication device<\/span><\/span><\/span> as defined in \u00a7 18.2-190.1<\/a> with the intent<\/span> to manufacture an unlawful electronic communication device<\/span><\/span> shall be guilty of a Class 6 felony<\/span> unless such possession<\/span> is by an electronic communication equipment manufacturer while lawfully acting in that capacity, or a facilities-based electronic communication service<\/span> provider<\/span> licensed by the Federal Communications Commission or by a law<\/span>-enforcement agency.<\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nPOSSESSION OF AN UNLAWFUL ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATION DEVICE OR EQUIPMENT ETC.,\nUSED TO MANUFACTURE SUCH DEVICE; PENALTY (\u00a7 18.2-190.2)\n\nA person who knowingly possesses (i) an unlawful electronic communication device\nor (ii) equipment or materials used to manufacture an unlawful electronic\ncommunication device as defined in \u00a7 18.2-190.1 with the intent to manufacture\nan unlawful electronic communication device shall be guilty of a Class 6 felony\nunless such possession is by an electronic communication equipment manufacturer\nwhile lawfully acting in that capacity, or a facilities-based electronic\ncommunication service provider licensed by the Federal Communications Commission\nor by a law-enforcement agency.\n\nHISTORY: 1993, c. 439; 1998, c. 518; 2002, c. 671; 2003, c. 354.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}