{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/18.2-190.4.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/18.2-190.4.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/18.2-190.4.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/18.2-190.4.html"}],"law_id":65493,"edition_id":1,"section_id":65493,"structure_id":13853,"section_number":"18.2-190.4","catch_line":"Manufacture of an unlawful electronic communication device; penalty","history":"1993, c. 439; 1998, c. 518; 2002, c. 671; 2003, c. 354.","full_text":"A person who knowingly manufactures an unlawful electronic communication device shall be guilty of a Class 6 felony.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":238098,"text":"A person who knowingly manufactures an unlawful electronic communication device shall be guilty of a Class 6 felony.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1}},"ancestry":[{"id":13853,"edition_id":1,"name":"Offenses Involving Electronic Communication Devices","identifier":"5.1","label":"article","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13358,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:46:05","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:46:05","permalink":{"id":166155,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13853,"identifier":"5.1","token":"18.2\/6\/5.1","url":"\/18.2\/6\/5.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13358,"edition_id":1,"name":"Crimes Involving Fraud","identifier":"6","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12972,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:42","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:42","permalink":{"id":165933,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13358,"identifier":"6","token":"18.2\/6","url":"\/18.2\/6\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12972,"edition_id":1,"name":"Crimes and Offenses Generally","identifier":"18.2","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:05","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:05","permalink":{"id":164139,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12972,"identifier":"18.2","token":"18.2","url":"\/18.2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":66452,"structure_id":13853,"section_number":"18.2-190.1","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/18.2-190.1\/","token":"18.2\/6\/5.1\/18.2-190.1","metadata":false},{"id":68896,"structure_id":13853,"section_number":"18.2-190.2","catch_line":"Possession of an unlawful electronic communication device or equipment etc., used to manufacture such device; penalty","url":"\/18.2-190.2\/","token":"18.2\/6\/5.1\/18.2-190.2","metadata":false},{"id":71988,"structure_id":13853,"section_number":"18.2-190.3","catch_line":"Sale of an unlawful electronic communication device; penalty","url":"\/18.2-190.3\/","token":"18.2\/6\/5.1\/18.2-190.3","metadata":false},{"id":65493,"structure_id":13853,"section_number":"18.2-190.4","catch_line":"Manufacture of an unlawful electronic communication device; penalty","url":"\/18.2-190.4\/","token":"18.2\/6\/5.1\/18.2-190.4","metadata":false},{"id":85030,"structure_id":13853,"section_number":"18.2-190.5","catch_line":"Separate offenses; penalty","url":"\/18.2-190.5\/","token":"18.2\/6\/5.1\/18.2-190.5","metadata":false},{"id":73751,"structure_id":13853,"section_number":"18.2-190.6","catch_line":"Restitution","url":"\/18.2-190.6\/","token":"18.2\/6\/5.1\/18.2-190.6","metadata":false},{"id":80207,"structure_id":13853,"section_number":"18.2-190.7","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/18.2-190.7\/","token":"18.2\/6\/5.1\/18.2-190.7","metadata":false},{"id":54875,"structure_id":13853,"section_number":"18.2-190.8","catch_line":"Civil relief; damages","url":"\/18.2-190.8\/","token":"18.2\/6\/5.1\/18.2-190.8","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":71988,"structure_id":13853,"section_number":"18.2-190.3","catch_line":"Sale of an unlawful electronic communication device; penalty","url":"\/18.2-190.3\/","token":"18.2\/6\/5.1\/18.2-190.3","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":85030,"structure_id":13853,"section_number":"18.2-190.5","catch_line":"Separate offenses; penalty","url":"\/18.2-190.5\/","token":"18.2\/6\/5.1\/18.2-190.5","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/18.2-190.4\/","history_text":"<p>This law was first created in 1993. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 439 of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. Unfortunately, the 1993 \u201cActs\u201d aren\u2019t available online. It has been modified 3 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 1998, chapter <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?981+ful+CHAP0518\">518<\/a>; in 2002, chapter <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?021+ful+CHAP0671\">671<\/a>; in 2003, chapter <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?031+ful+CHAP0354\">354<\/a>.<\/p>","references":[{"id":85030,"section_number":"18.2-190.5","catch_line":"Separate offenses; penalty","order_by":null,"url":"\/18.2-190.5\/"},{"id":73751,"section_number":"18.2-190.6","catch_line":"Restitution","order_by":null,"url":"\/18.2-190.6\/"},{"id":73735,"section_number":"19.2-386.18","catch_line":"Forfeiture of unlawful electronic communication devices","order_by":null,"url":"\/19.2-386.18\/"}],"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":166169,"object_type":"law","relational_id":65493,"identifier":"18.2-190.4","token":"18.2\/6\/5.1\/18.2-190.4","url":"\/18.2-190.4\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/18.2-190.4\/","token":"18.2\/6\/5.1\/18.2-190.4","dublin_core":{"Title":"Manufacture of an unlawful electronic communication device; penalty","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 18.2-190.4","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section><p>A person who knowingly manufactures an <span class=\"dictionary\">unlawful <span class=\"dictionary\">electronic communication device<\/span><\/span> shall be guilty of a Class 6 <span class=\"dictionary\">felony<\/span>.<\/p><\/section>","plain_text":"                                 CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nMANUFACTURE OF AN UNLAWFUL ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATION DEVICE; PENALTY (\u00a7\n18.2-190.4)\n\nA person who knowingly manufactures an unlawful electronic communication device\nshall be guilty of a Class 6 felony.\n\nHISTORY: 1993, c. 439; 1998, c. 518; 2002, c. 671; 2003, c. 354.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}