{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/18.2-190.5.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/18.2-190.5.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/18.2-190.5.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/18.2-190.5.html"}],"law_id":85030,"edition_id":1,"section_id":85030,"structure_id":13853,"section_number":"18.2-190.5","catch_line":"Separate offenses; penalty","history":"2002, c. 671; 2003, c. 354.","full_text":"For purposes of imposing criminal penalties for violations of \u00a7\u00a7 18.2-190.3 and 18.2-190.4, the commission of the prohibited activity regarding each unlawful electronic communication device shall be deemed a separate offense.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":304780,"text":"For purposes of imposing criminal penalties for violations of \u00a7\u00a7 18.2-190.3 and 18.2-190.4, the commission of the prohibited activity regarding each unlawful electronic communication device shall be deemed a separate offense.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1}},"ancestry":[{"id":13853,"edition_id":1,"name":"Offenses Involving Electronic Communication Devices","identifier":"5.1","label":"article","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13358,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:46:05","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:46:05","permalink":{"id":166155,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13853,"identifier":"5.1","token":"18.2\/6\/5.1","url":"\/18.2\/6\/5.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13358,"edition_id":1,"name":"Crimes Involving Fraud","identifier":"6","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12972,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:42","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:42","permalink":{"id":165933,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13358,"identifier":"6","token":"18.2\/6","url":"\/18.2\/6\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12972,"edition_id":1,"name":"Crimes and Offenses Generally","identifier":"18.2","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:05","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:05","permalink":{"id":164139,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12972,"identifier":"18.2","token":"18.2","url":"\/18.2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":66452,"structure_id":13853,"section_number":"18.2-190.1","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/18.2-190.1\/","token":"18.2\/6\/5.1\/18.2-190.1","metadata":false},{"id":68896,"structure_id":13853,"section_number":"18.2-190.2","catch_line":"Possession of an unlawful electronic communication device or equipment etc., used to manufacture such device; penalty","url":"\/18.2-190.2\/","token":"18.2\/6\/5.1\/18.2-190.2","metadata":false},{"id":71988,"structure_id":13853,"section_number":"18.2-190.3","catch_line":"Sale of an unlawful electronic communication device; penalty","url":"\/18.2-190.3\/","token":"18.2\/6\/5.1\/18.2-190.3","metadata":false},{"id":65493,"structure_id":13853,"section_number":"18.2-190.4","catch_line":"Manufacture of an unlawful electronic communication device; penalty","url":"\/18.2-190.4\/","token":"18.2\/6\/5.1\/18.2-190.4","metadata":false},{"id":85030,"structure_id":13853,"section_number":"18.2-190.5","catch_line":"Separate offenses; penalty","url":"\/18.2-190.5\/","token":"18.2\/6\/5.1\/18.2-190.5","metadata":false},{"id":73751,"structure_id":13853,"section_number":"18.2-190.6","catch_line":"Restitution","url":"\/18.2-190.6\/","token":"18.2\/6\/5.1\/18.2-190.6","metadata":false},{"id":80207,"structure_id":13853,"section_number":"18.2-190.7","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/18.2-190.7\/","token":"18.2\/6\/5.1\/18.2-190.7","metadata":false},{"id":54875,"structure_id":13853,"section_number":"18.2-190.8","catch_line":"Civil relief; damages","url":"\/18.2-190.8\/","token":"18.2\/6\/5.1\/18.2-190.8","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":65493,"structure_id":13853,"section_number":"18.2-190.4","catch_line":"Manufacture of an unlawful electronic communication device; penalty","url":"\/18.2-190.4\/","token":"18.2\/6\/5.1\/18.2-190.4","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":73751,"structure_id":13853,"section_number":"18.2-190.6","catch_line":"Restitution","url":"\/18.2-190.6\/","token":"18.2\/6\/5.1\/18.2-190.6","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/18.2-190.5\/","history_text":"<p>This law was first created in 2002. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?021+ful+CHAP0671\">671<\/a> of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. It has been modified 1 time. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. That modification is as follows: in 2003, chapter <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?031+ful+CHAP0354\">354<\/a>.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":[{"id":71988,"section_number":"18.2-190.3","catch_line":"Sale of an unlawful electronic communication device; penalty","order_by":null,"url":"\/18.2-190.3\/"},{"id":65493,"section_number":"18.2-190.4","catch_line":"Manufacture of an unlawful electronic communication device; penalty","order_by":null,"url":"\/18.2-190.4\/"}],"permalink":{"id":166173,"object_type":"law","relational_id":85030,"identifier":"18.2-190.5","token":"18.2\/6\/5.1\/18.2-190.5","url":"\/18.2-190.5\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/18.2-190.5\/","token":"18.2\/6\/5.1\/18.2-190.5","dublin_core":{"Title":"Separate offenses; penalty","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 18.2-190.5","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section><p>For purposes of imposing criminal penalties for violations of \u00a7\u00a7&nbsp;<a class=\"law\" title=\"Sale of an unlawful electronic communication device; penalty\" href=\"\/18.2-190.3\/\">18.2-190.3<\/a> and <a class=\"law\" title=\"Manufacture of an unlawful electronic communication device; penalty\" href=\"\/18.2-190.4\/\">18.2-190.4<\/a>, the commission of the prohibited activity regarding each <span class=\"dictionary\">unlawful <span class=\"dictionary\">electronic communication device<\/span><\/span> shall be deemed a separate <span class=\"dictionary\">offense<\/span>.<\/p><\/section>","plain_text":"                                 CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nSEPARATE OFFENSES; PENALTY (\u00a7 18.2-190.5)\n\nFor purposes of imposing criminal penalties for violations of \u00a7\u00a7 18.2-190.3\nand 18.2-190.4, the commission of the prohibited activity regarding each\nunlawful electronic communication device shall be deemed a separate offense.\n\nHISTORY: 2002, c. 671; 2003, c. 354.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}