{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/18.2-190.8.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/18.2-190.8.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/18.2-190.8.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/18.2-190.8.html"}],"law_id":54875,"edition_id":1,"section_id":54875,"structure_id":13853,"section_number":"18.2-190.8","catch_line":"Civil relief; damages","history":"2002, c. 671; 2003, c. 354.","full_text":"Any electronic communication service provider aggrieved by a violation of this article may seek both injunctive and equitable relief and an award of damages including attorney’s fees and costs. In addition to any other remedy provided by law, the party aggrieved may recover an award of actual damages or $500, whichever is greater, for each unlawful electronic communications device involved in the action. In any case in which the court finds that the violation was committed for purposes of commercial advantage or financial gain, the award shall be increased by an amount not to exceed three times the actual damages sustained or $1,500 for each unlawful electronic communications device involved, whichever is greater.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":201330,"text":"Any electronic communication service provider aggrieved by a violation of this article may seek both injunctive and equitable relief and an award of damages including attorney’s fees and costs. In addition to any other remedy provided by law, the party aggrieved may recover an award of actual damages or $500, whichever is greater, for each unlawful electronic communications device involved in the action. In any case in which the court finds that the violation was committed for purposes of commercial advantage or financial gain, the award shall be increased by an amount not to exceed three times the actual damages sustained or $1,500 for each unlawful electronic communications device involved, whichever is greater.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1}},"ancestry":[{"id":13853,"edition_id":1,"name":"Offenses Involving Electronic Communication Devices","identifier":"5.1","label":"article","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13358,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:46:05","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:46:05","permalink":{"id":166155,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13853,"identifier":"5.1","token":"18.2\/6\/5.1","url":"\/18.2\/6\/5.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13358,"edition_id":1,"name":"Crimes Involving Fraud","identifier":"6","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12972,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:42","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:42","permalink":{"id":165933,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13358,"identifier":"6","token":"18.2\/6","url":"\/18.2\/6\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12972,"edition_id":1,"name":"Crimes and Offenses Generally","identifier":"18.2","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:05","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:05","permalink":{"id":164139,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12972,"identifier":"18.2","token":"18.2","url":"\/18.2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":66452,"structure_id":13853,"section_number":"18.2-190.1","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/18.2-190.1\/","token":"18.2\/6\/5.1\/18.2-190.1","metadata":false},{"id":68896,"structure_id":13853,"section_number":"18.2-190.2","catch_line":"Possession of an unlawful electronic communication device or equipment etc., used to manufacture such device; penalty","url":"\/18.2-190.2\/","token":"18.2\/6\/5.1\/18.2-190.2","metadata":false},{"id":71988,"structure_id":13853,"section_number":"18.2-190.3","catch_line":"Sale of an unlawful electronic communication device; penalty","url":"\/18.2-190.3\/","token":"18.2\/6\/5.1\/18.2-190.3","metadata":false},{"id":65493,"structure_id":13853,"section_number":"18.2-190.4","catch_line":"Manufacture of an unlawful electronic communication device; penalty","url":"\/18.2-190.4\/","token":"18.2\/6\/5.1\/18.2-190.4","metadata":false},{"id":85030,"structure_id":13853,"section_number":"18.2-190.5","catch_line":"Separate offenses; penalty","url":"\/18.2-190.5\/","token":"18.2\/6\/5.1\/18.2-190.5","metadata":false},{"id":73751,"structure_id":13853,"section_number":"18.2-190.6","catch_line":"Restitution","url":"\/18.2-190.6\/","token":"18.2\/6\/5.1\/18.2-190.6","metadata":false},{"id":80207,"structure_id":13853,"section_number":"18.2-190.7","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/18.2-190.7\/","token":"18.2\/6\/5.1\/18.2-190.7","metadata":false},{"id":54875,"structure_id":13853,"section_number":"18.2-190.8","catch_line":"Civil relief; damages","url":"\/18.2-190.8\/","token":"18.2\/6\/5.1\/18.2-190.8","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":80207,"structure_id":13853,"section_number":"18.2-190.7","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/18.2-190.7\/","token":"18.2\/6\/5.1\/18.2-190.7","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/18.2-190.8\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 2002. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 671<\/a> of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. It has been modified 1 time. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. That modification is as follows: in 2003, chapter 354<\/a>.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":166185,"object_type":"law","relational_id":54875,"identifier":"18.2-190.8","token":"18.2\/6\/5.1\/18.2-190.8","url":"\/18.2-190.8\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/18.2-190.8\/","token":"18.2\/6\/5.1\/18.2-190.8","dublin_core":{"Title":"Civil relief; damages","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 18.2-190.8","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

Any electronic communication service<\/span> provider<\/span> aggrieved by a violation of this article may seek both injunctive and equitable<\/span> relief and an award of damages<\/span> including attorney’s fees and costs. In addition to any other remedy provided by law<\/span>, the party<\/span> aggrieved may recover an award of actual damages<\/span> or $500, whichever is greater, for each unlawful electronic communications device involved in the action. In any case in which the court<\/span> finds that the violation was committed for purposes of commercial advantage or financial gain, the award shall be increased by an amount not to exceed three times the actual damages<\/span> sustained or $1,500 for each unlawful electronic communications device involved, whichever is greater.<\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nCIVIL RELIEF; DAMAGES (\u00a7 18.2-190.8)\n\nAny electronic communication service provider aggrieved by a violation of this\narticle may seek both injunctive and equitable relief and an award of damages\nincluding attorney’s fees and costs. In addition to any other remedy\nprovided by law, the party aggrieved may recover an award of actual damages or\n$500, whichever is greater, for each unlawful electronic communications device\ninvolved in the action. In any case in which the court finds that the violation\nwas committed for purposes of commercial advantage or financial gain, the award\nshall be increased by an amount not to exceed three times the actual damages\nsustained or $1,500 for each unlawful electronic communications device involved,\nwhichever is greater.\n\nHISTORY: 2002, c. 671; 2003, c. 354.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}