{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/18.2-23.1.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/18.2-23.1.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/18.2-23.1.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/18.2-23.1.html"}],"law_id":78737,"edition_id":1,"section_id":78737,"structure_id":16522,"section_number":"18.2-23.1","catch_line":"Completed substantive offense bars conviction for conspiracy","history":"1985, c. 376.","full_text":"Notwithstanding any other provision of this article or of \u00a7 18.2-256, in any case where a defendant has been tried and convicted of an act he has also conspired to commit, such defendant shall be subject to conviction only for the completed substantive offense and not thereafter be convicted for the underlying conspiracy.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":282108,"text":"Notwithstanding any other provision of this article or of \u00a7 18.2-256, in any case where a defendant has been tried and convicted of an act he has also conspired to commit, such defendant shall be subject to conviction only for the completed substantive offense and not thereafter be convicted for the underlying conspiracy.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1}},"ancestry":[{"id":16522,"edition_id":1,"name":"Conspiracies","identifier":"1","label":"article","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13229,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 04:22:27","date_modified":"2026-06-26 04:22:27","permalink":{"id":164723,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":16522,"identifier":"1","token":"18.2\/3\/1","url":"\/18.2\/3\/1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13229,"edition_id":1,"name":"Inchoate Offenses","identifier":"3","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12972,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:29","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:29","permalink":{"id":164721,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13229,"identifier":"3","token":"18.2\/3","url":"\/18.2\/3\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12972,"edition_id":1,"name":"Crimes and Offenses Generally","identifier":"18.2","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:05","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:05","permalink":{"id":164139,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12972,"identifier":"18.2","token":"18.2","url":"\/18.2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":70427,"structure_id":16522,"section_number":"18.2-22","catch_line":"Conspiracy to commit felony","url":"\/18.2-22\/","token":"18.2\/3\/1\/18.2-22","metadata":false},{"id":78238,"structure_id":16522,"section_number":"18.2-23","catch_line":"Conspiring to trespass or commit larceny","url":"\/18.2-23\/","token":"18.2\/3\/1\/18.2-23","metadata":false},{"id":78737,"structure_id":16522,"section_number":"18.2-23.1","catch_line":"Completed substantive offense bars conviction for conspiracy","url":"\/18.2-23.1\/","token":"18.2\/3\/1\/18.2-23.1","metadata":false},{"id":78036,"structure_id":16522,"section_number":"18.2-24","catch_line":"Reserved","url":"\/18.2-24\/","token":"18.2\/3\/1\/18.2-24","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":78238,"structure_id":16522,"section_number":"18.2-23","catch_line":"Conspiring to trespass or commit larceny","url":"\/18.2-23\/","token":"18.2\/3\/1\/18.2-23","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":78036,"structure_id":16522,"section_number":"18.2-24","catch_line":"Reserved","url":"\/18.2-24\/","token":"18.2\/3\/1\/18.2-24","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/18.2-23.1\/","history_text":"<p>This law was first created in 1985. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 376 of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. Unfortunately, the 1985 \u201cActs\u201d aren\u2019t available online.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":[{"id":78614,"section_number":"18.2-256","catch_line":"Conspiracy","order_by":null,"url":"\/18.2-256\/"}],"permalink":{"id":164733,"object_type":"law","relational_id":78737,"identifier":"18.2-23.1","token":"18.2\/3\/1\/18.2-23.1","url":"\/18.2-23.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/18.2-23.1\/","token":"18.2\/3\/1\/18.2-23.1","dublin_core":{"Title":"Completed substantive offense bars conviction for conspiracy","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 18.2-23.1","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section><p>Notwithstanding any other provision of this article or of \u00a7&nbsp;<a class=\"law\" title=\"Conspiracy\" href=\"\/18.2-256\/\">18.2-256<\/a>, in any case where a <span class=\"dictionary\">defendant<\/span> has been tried and convicted of an act he has also conspired to commit, such <span class=\"dictionary\">defendant<\/span> shall be subject to <span class=\"dictionary\">conviction<\/span> only for the completed substantive <span class=\"dictionary\">offense<\/span> and not thereafter be convicted for the underlying conspiracy.<\/p><\/section>","plain_text":"                                 CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nCOMPLETED SUBSTANTIVE OFFENSE BARS CONVICTION FOR CONSPIRACY (\u00a7 18.2-23.1)\n\nNotwithstanding any other provision of this article or of \u00a7 18.2-256, in any\ncase where a defendant has been tried and convicted of an act he has also\nconspired to commit, such defendant shall be subject to conviction only for the\ncompleted substantive offense and not thereafter be convicted for the underlying\nconspiracy.\n\nHISTORY: 1985, c. 376.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}