{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/18.2-23.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/18.2-23.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/18.2-23.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/18.2-23.html"}],"law_id":78238,"edition_id":1,"section_id":78238,"structure_id":16522,"section_number":"18.2-23","catch_line":"Conspiring to trespass or commit larceny","history":"Code 1950, \u00a7 18.1-15.1; 1960, cc. 99, 358; 1975, cc. 14, 15; 2003, c. 831; 2018, cc. 764, 765; 2020, cc. 89, 401.","full_text":"A\n\nIf any person shall conspire, confederate or combine with another or others in the Commonwealth to go upon or remain upon the lands, buildings or premises of another, or any part, portion or area thereof, having knowledge that any of them have been forbidden, either orally or in writing, to do so by the owner, lessee, custodian or other person lawfully in charge thereof, or having knowledge that any of them have been forbidden to do so by a sign or signs posted on such lands, buildings, premises or part, portion or area thereof at a place or places where it or they may reasonably be seen, he shall be deemed guilty of a Class 3 misdemeanor.B\n\nIf any person shall conspire, confederate or combine with another or others in the Commonwealth to commit larceny or counsel, assist, aid or abet another in the performance of a larceny, where the aggregate value of the goods or merchandise involved is $1,000 or more, he is guilty of a felony punishable by confinement in a state correctional facility for not less than one year nor more than 20 years. The willful concealment of goods or merchandise of any store or other mercantile establishment, while still on the premises thereof, shall be prima facie evidence of an intent to convert and defraud the owner thereof out of the value of the goods or merchandise. A violation of this subsection constitutes a separate and distinct felony.C\n\nJurisdiction for the trial of any person charged under this section shall be in the county or city wherein any part of such conspiracy is planned, or in the county or city wherein any act is done toward the consummation of such plan or conspiracy.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":280434,"text":"If any person shall conspire, confederate or combine with another or others in the Commonwealth to go upon or remain upon the lands, buildings or premises of another, or any part, portion or area thereof, having knowledge that any of them have been forbidden, either orally or in writing, to do so by the owner, lessee, custodian or other person lawfully in charge thereof, or having knowledge that any of them have been forbidden to do so by a sign or signs posted on such lands, buildings, premises or part, portion or area thereof at a place or places where it or they may reasonably be seen, he shall be deemed guilty of a Class 3 misdemeanor.","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"B"},"1":{"id":280435,"text":"If any person shall conspire, confederate or combine with another or others in the Commonwealth to commit larceny or counsel, assist, aid or abet another in the performance of a larceny, where the aggregate value of the goods or merchandise involved is $1,000 or more, he is guilty of a felony punishable by confinement in a state correctional facility for not less than one year nor more than 20 years. The willful concealment of goods or merchandise of any store or other mercantile establishment, while still on the premises thereof, shall be prima facie evidence of an intent to convert and defraud the owner thereof out of the value of the goods or merchandise. A violation of this subsection constitutes a separate and distinct felony.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"C"},"2":{"id":280436,"text":"Jurisdiction for the trial of any person charged under this section shall be in the county or city wherein any part of such conspiracy is planned, or in the county or city wherein any act is done toward the consummation of such plan or conspiracy.","type":"section","prefixes":["C"],"prefix":"C","entire_prefix":"C","prefix_anchor":"C","level":1,"prior_prefix":"B"}},"ancestry":[{"id":16522,"edition_id":1,"name":"Conspiracies","identifier":"1","label":"article","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13229,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 04:22:27","date_modified":"2026-06-26 04:22:27","permalink":{"id":164723,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":16522,"identifier":"1","token":"18.2\/3\/1","url":"\/18.2\/3\/1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13229,"edition_id":1,"name":"Inchoate Offenses","identifier":"3","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12972,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:29","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:29","permalink":{"id":164721,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13229,"identifier":"3","token":"18.2\/3","url":"\/18.2\/3\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12972,"edition_id":1,"name":"Crimes and Offenses Generally","identifier":"18.2","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:05","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:05","permalink":{"id":164139,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12972,"identifier":"18.2","token":"18.2","url":"\/18.2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":70427,"structure_id":16522,"section_number":"18.2-22","catch_line":"Conspiracy to commit felony","url":"\/18.2-22\/","token":"18.2\/3\/1\/18.2-22","metadata":false},{"id":78238,"structure_id":16522,"section_number":"18.2-23","catch_line":"Conspiring to trespass or commit larceny","url":"\/18.2-23\/","token":"18.2\/3\/1\/18.2-23","metadata":false},{"id":78737,"structure_id":16522,"section_number":"18.2-23.1","catch_line":"Completed substantive offense bars conviction for conspiracy","url":"\/18.2-23.1\/","token":"18.2\/3\/1\/18.2-23.1","metadata":false},{"id":78036,"structure_id":16522,"section_number":"18.2-24","catch_line":"Reserved","url":"\/18.2-24\/","token":"18.2\/3\/1\/18.2-24","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":70427,"structure_id":16522,"section_number":"18.2-22","catch_line":"Conspiracy to commit felony","url":"\/18.2-22\/","token":"18.2\/3\/1\/18.2-22","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":78737,"structure_id":16522,"section_number":"18.2-23.1","catch_line":"Completed substantive offense bars conviction for conspiracy","url":"\/18.2-23.1\/","token":"18.2\/3\/1\/18.2-23.1","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/18.2-23\/","history_text":"

The record of this law\u2019s original creation isn\u2019t available online. It has been modified 5 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 1960, chapters 99 and 358; in 1975, chapters 14 and 15; in 2003, chapter 831<\/a>; in 2018, chapters 764<\/a> and 765<\/a>; in 2020, chapters 89<\/a> and 401<\/a>.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":164729,"object_type":"law","relational_id":78238,"identifier":"18.2-23","token":"18.2\/3\/1\/18.2-23","url":"\/18.2-23\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/18.2-23\/","token":"18.2\/3\/1\/18.2-23","dublin_core":{"Title":"Conspiring to trespass or commit larceny","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 18.2-23","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A.<\/span> If any person shall conspire, confederate or combine with another or others in the Commonwealth to go upon or remain upon the lands, buildings or premises of another, or any part, portion or area thereof, having knowledge that any of them have been forbidden, either orally or in writing, to do so by the owner, lessee, custodian or other person lawfully in charge thereof, or having knowledge that any of them have been forbidden to do so by a sign or signs posted on such lands, buildings, premises or part, portion or area thereof at a place or places where it or they may reasonably be seen, he shall be deemed guilty of a Class 3 misdemeanor<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> If any person shall conspire, confederate or combine with another or others in the Commonwealth to commit larceny<\/span> or counsel<\/span>, assist, aid or abet another in the performance of a larceny<\/span>, where the aggregate value of the goods or merchandise involved is $1,000 or more, he is guilty of a felony<\/span> punishable by confinement in a state correctional facility for not less than one year nor more than 20 years. The willful concealment of goods or merchandise of any store or other mercantile establishment, while still on the premises thereof, shall be prima facie evidence<\/span> of an intent<\/span> to convert and defraud the owner thereof out of the value of the goods or merchandise. A violation of this subsection constitutes a separate and distinct felony<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

C.<\/span> Jurisdiction<\/span> for the trial<\/span> of any person charged under this section shall be in the county or city wherein any part of such conspiracy is planned, or in the county or city wherein any act is done toward the consummation of such plan or conspiracy. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nCONSPIRING TO TRESPASS OR COMMIT LARCENY (\u00a7 18.2-23)\n\nA. If any person shall conspire, confederate or combine with another or others\nin the Commonwealth to go upon or remain upon the lands, buildings or premises\nof another, or any part, portion or area thereof, having knowledge that any of\nthem have been forbidden, either orally or in writing, to do so by the owner,\nlessee, custodian or other person lawfully in charge thereof, or having\nknowledge that any of them have been forbidden to do so by a sign or signs\nposted on such lands, buildings, premises or part, portion or area thereof at a\nplace or places where it or they may reasonably be seen, he shall be deemed\nguilty of a Class 3 misdemeanor.\n\nB. If any person shall conspire, confederate or combine with another or others\nin the Commonwealth to commit larceny or counsel, assist, aid or abet another in\nthe performance of a larceny, where the aggregate value of the goods or\nmerchandise involved is $1,000 or more, he is guilty of a felony punishable by\nconfinement in a state correctional facility for not less than one year nor more\nthan 20 years. The willful concealment of goods or merchandise of any store or\nother mercantile establishment, while still on the premises thereof, shall be\nprima facie evidence of an intent to convert and defraud the owner thereof out\nof the value of the goods or merchandise. A violation of this subsection\nconstitutes a separate and distinct felony.\n\nC. Jurisdiction for the trial of any person charged under this section shall be\nin the county or city wherein any part of such conspiracy is planned, or in the\ncounty or city wherein any act is done toward the consummation of such plan or\nconspiracy.\n\nHISTORY: Code 1950, \u00a7 18.1-15.1; 1960, cc. 99, 358; 1975, cc. 14, 15; 2003, c.\n831; 2018, cc. 764, 765; 2020, cc. 89, 401.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}