{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/18.2-32.3.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/18.2-32.3.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/18.2-32.3.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/18.2-32.3.html"}],"law_id":69091,"edition_id":1,"section_id":69091,"structure_id":15120,"section_number":"18.2-32.3","catch_line":"Human infant; independent and separate existence","history":"2010, cc. 810, 851.","full_text":"For the purposes of this article, the fact that the umbilical cord has not been cut or that the placenta remains attached shall not be considered in determining whether a human infant has achieved an independent and separate existence.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":250063,"text":"For the purposes of this article, the fact that the umbilical cord has not been cut or that the placenta remains attached shall not be considered in determining whether a human infant has achieved an independent and separate existence.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1}},"ancestry":[{"id":15120,"edition_id":1,"name":"Homicide","identifier":"1","label":"article","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13100,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:52:17","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:52:17","permalink":{"id":164765,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":15120,"identifier":"1","token":"18.2\/4\/1","url":"\/18.2\/4\/1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13100,"edition_id":1,"name":"Crimes Against the Person","identifier":"4","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12972,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:17","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:17","permalink":{"id":164763,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13100,"identifier":"4","token":"18.2\/4","url":"\/18.2\/4\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12972,"edition_id":1,"name":"Crimes and Offenses Generally","identifier":"18.2","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:05","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:05","permalink":{"id":164139,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12972,"identifier":"18.2","token":"18.2","url":"\/18.2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":77418,"structure_id":15120,"section_number":"18.2-30","catch_line":"Murder and manslaughter declared felonies","url":"\/18.2-30\/","token":"18.2\/4\/1\/18.2-30","metadata":false},{"id":79946,"structure_id":15120,"section_number":"18.2-31","catch_line":"Aggravated murder defined; punishment","url":"\/18.2-31\/","token":"18.2\/4\/1\/18.2-31","metadata":false},{"id":57602,"structure_id":15120,"section_number":"18.2-32","catch_line":"First and second degree murder defined; punishment","url":"\/18.2-32\/","token":"18.2\/4\/1\/18.2-32","metadata":false},{"id":62187,"structure_id":15120,"section_number":"18.2-32.1","catch_line":"Murder of a pregnant woman; penalty","url":"\/18.2-32.1\/","token":"18.2\/4\/1\/18.2-32.1","metadata":false},{"id":79116,"structure_id":15120,"section_number":"18.2-32.2","catch_line":"Killing a fetus; penalty","url":"\/18.2-32.2\/","token":"18.2\/4\/1\/18.2-32.2","metadata":false},{"id":69091,"structure_id":15120,"section_number":"18.2-32.3","catch_line":"Human infant; independent and separate existence","url":"\/18.2-32.3\/","token":"18.2\/4\/1\/18.2-32.3","metadata":false},{"id":80906,"structure_id":15120,"section_number":"18.2-33","catch_line":"Felony homicide defined; punishment","url":"\/18.2-33\/","token":"18.2\/4\/1\/18.2-33","metadata":false},{"id":70125,"structure_id":15120,"section_number":"18.2-34","catch_line":"Reserved","url":"\/18.2-34\/","token":"18.2\/4\/1\/18.2-34","metadata":false},{"id":70478,"structure_id":15120,"section_number":"18.2-35","catch_line":"How voluntary manslaughter punished","url":"\/18.2-35\/","token":"18.2\/4\/1\/18.2-35","metadata":false},{"id":78426,"structure_id":15120,"section_number":"18.2-36","catch_line":"How involuntary manslaughter punished","url":"\/18.2-36\/","token":"18.2\/4\/1\/18.2-36","metadata":false},{"id":67930,"structure_id":15120,"section_number":"18.2-36.1","catch_line":"Certain conduct punishable as involuntary manslaughter","url":"\/18.2-36.1\/","token":"18.2\/4\/1\/18.2-36.1","metadata":false},{"id":71288,"structure_id":15120,"section_number":"18.2-36.2","catch_line":"Involuntary manslaughter; operating a watercraft while under the influence; penalties","url":"\/18.2-36.2\/","token":"18.2\/4\/1\/18.2-36.2","metadata":false},{"id":66815,"structure_id":15120,"section_number":"18.2-36.3","catch_line":"Involuntary manslaughter; certain drug offenses","url":"\/18.2-36.3\/","token":"18.2\/4\/1\/18.2-36.3","metadata":false},{"id":86725,"structure_id":15120,"section_number":"18.2-37","catch_line":"How and where homicide prosecuted and punished if death occur without the Commonwealth","url":"\/18.2-37\/","token":"18.2\/4\/1\/18.2-37","metadata":false},{"id":60034,"structure_id":15120,"section_number":"18.2-37.1","catch_line":"Certain matters not to constitute defenses","url":"\/18.2-37.1\/","token":"18.2\/4\/1\/18.2-37.1","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":79116,"structure_id":15120,"section_number":"18.2-32.2","catch_line":"Killing a fetus; penalty","url":"\/18.2-32.2\/","token":"18.2\/4\/1\/18.2-32.2","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":80906,"structure_id":15120,"section_number":"18.2-33","catch_line":"Felony homicide defined; punishment","url":"\/18.2-33\/","token":"18.2\/4\/1\/18.2-33","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/18.2-32.3\/","history_text":"<p>This law was first created in 2010. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapters <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?101+ful+CHAP0810\">810<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?101+ful+CHAP0851\">851<\/a> of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":164787,"object_type":"law","relational_id":69091,"identifier":"18.2-32.3","token":"18.2\/4\/1\/18.2-32.3","url":"\/18.2-32.3\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/18.2-32.3\/","token":"18.2\/4\/1\/18.2-32.3","dublin_core":{"Title":"Human infant; independent and separate existence","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 18.2-32.3","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section><p>For the purposes of this article, the <span class=\"dictionary\">fact<\/span> that the umbilical cord has not been cut or that the placenta remains attached shall not be considered in determining whether a human infant has achieved an independent and separate existence.<\/p><\/section>","plain_text":"                                 CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nHUMAN INFANT; INDEPENDENT AND SEPARATE EXISTENCE (\u00a7 18.2-32.3)\n\nFor the purposes of this article, the fact that the umbilical cord has not been\ncut or that the placenta remains attached shall not be considered in determining\nwhether a human infant has achieved an independent and separate existence.\n\nHISTORY: 2010, cc. 810, 851.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}