{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/18.2-324.2.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/18.2-324.2.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/18.2-324.2.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/18.2-324.2.html"}],"law_id":63272,"edition_id":1,"section_id":63272,"structure_id":12974,"section_number":"18.2-324.2","catch_line":"Use of unmanned aircraft system for certain purposes; penalty","history":"2018, cc. 851, 852.","full_text":"A\n\nIt is unlawful for any person who is required to register pursuant to § 9.1-901 to use or operate an unmanned aircraft system to knowingly and intentionally (i) follow or contact another person without permission of such person or (ii) capture the images of another person without permission of such person when such images render the person recognizable by his face, likeness, or other distinguishing characteristic.B\n\nIt is unlawful for a respondent of a protective order issued pursuant to § 16.1-279.1 or 19.2-152.10 to knowingly and intentionally use or operate an unmanned aircraft system to follow, contact, or capture images of the petitioner of the protective order or any other individual named in the protective order.C\n\nA violation of this section is a Class 1 misdemeanor.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":230605,"text":"It is unlawful for any person who is required to register pursuant to § 9.1-901 to use or operate an unmanned aircraft system to knowingly and intentionally (i) follow or contact another person without permission of such person or (ii) capture the images of another person without permission of such person when such images render the person recognizable by his face, likeness, or other distinguishing characteristic.","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"B"},"1":{"id":230606,"text":"It is unlawful for a respondent of a protective order issued pursuant to § 16.1-279.1 or 19.2-152.10 to knowingly and intentionally use or operate an unmanned aircraft system to follow, contact, or capture images of the petitioner of the protective order or any other individual named in the protective order.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"C"},"2":{"id":230607,"text":"A violation of this section is a Class 1 misdemeanor.","type":"section","prefixes":["C"],"prefix":"C","entire_prefix":"C","prefix_anchor":"C","level":1,"prior_prefix":"B"}},"ancestry":[{"id":12974,"edition_id":1,"name":"Miscellaneous Dangerous Conduct","identifier":"8","label":"article","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12973,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:05","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:05","permalink":{"id":167307,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12974,"identifier":"8","token":"18.2\/7\/8","url":"\/18.2\/7\/8\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12973,"edition_id":1,"name":"Crimes Involving Health and Safety","identifier":"7","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12972,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:05","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:05","permalink":{"id":166501,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12973,"identifier":"7","token":"18.2\/7","url":"\/18.2\/7\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12972,"edition_id":1,"name":"Crimes and Offenses Generally","identifier":"18.2","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:05","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:05","permalink":{"id":164139,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12972,"identifier":"18.2","token":"18.2","url":"\/18.2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":62448,"structure_id":12974,"section_number":"18.2-312","catch_line":"Illegal use of tear gas, phosgene and other gases","url":"\/18.2-312\/","token":"18.2\/7\/8\/18.2-312","metadata":false},{"id":74195,"structure_id":12974,"section_number":"18.2-313","catch_line":"Handling or using snakes so as to endanger human life or health","url":"\/18.2-313\/","token":"18.2\/7\/8\/18.2-313","metadata":false},{"id":76121,"structure_id":12974,"section_number":"18.2-313.1","catch_line":"Withholding information about possibly rabid animal; 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penalty","url":"\/18.2-324.2\/","token":"18.2\/7\/8\/18.2-324.2","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":63918,"structure_id":12974,"section_number":"18.2-324.1","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/18.2-324.1\/","token":"18.2\/7\/8\/18.2-324.1","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/18.2-324.2\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 2018. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapters 851<\/a> and 852<\/a> of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year.<\/p>","references":[{"id":74660,"section_number":"19.2-392.12","catch_line":"(Effective July 1, 2026) Sealing of offenses resulting in a deferred and dismissed disposition or conviction by petition","order_by":null,"url":"\/19.2-392.12\/"}],"refers_to":[{"id":62456,"section_number":"16.1-279.1","catch_line":"Protective order in cases of family abuse","order_by":null,"url":"\/16.1-279.1\/"},{"id":83461,"section_number":"19.2-152.10","catch_line":"Protective order","order_by":null,"url":"\/19.2-152.10\/"},{"id":62462,"section_number":"9.1-901","catch_line":"Persons for whom registration required","order_by":null,"url":"\/9.1-901\/"}],"permalink":{"id":167389,"object_type":"law","relational_id":63272,"identifier":"18.2-324.2","token":"18.2\/7\/8\/18.2-324.2","url":"\/18.2-324.2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/18.2-324.2\/","token":"18.2\/7\/8\/18.2-324.2","dublin_core":{"Title":"Use of unmanned aircraft system for certain purposes; penalty","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 18.2-324.2","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A.<\/span> It is unlawful for any person who is required to register pursuant to § 9.1-901<\/a> to use or operate an unmanned aircraft system to knowingly and intentionally (i) follow or contact another person without permission of such person or (ii) capture the images of another person without permission of such person when such images render the person recognizable by his face, likeness, or other distinguishing characteristic. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> It is unlawful for a respondent of a protective order<\/span> issued pursuant to § 16.1-279.1<\/a> or 19.2-152.10<\/a> to knowingly and intentionally use or operate an unmanned aircraft system to follow, contact, or capture images of the petitioner of the protective order<\/span> or any other individual named in the protective order<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

C.<\/span> A violation of this section is a Class 1 misdemeanor<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nUSE OF UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEM FOR CERTAIN PURPOSES; PENALTY (\u00a7 18.2-324.2)\n\nA. It is unlawful for any person who is required to register pursuant to §\n9.1-901 to use or operate an unmanned aircraft system to knowingly and\nintentionally (i) follow or contact another person without permission of such\nperson or (ii) capture the images of another person without permission of such\nperson when such images render the person recognizable by his face, likeness, or\nother distinguishing characteristic.\n\nB. It is unlawful for a respondent of a protective order issued pursuant to\n§ 16.1-279.1 or 19.2-152.10 to knowingly and intentionally use or operate\nan unmanned aircraft system to follow, contact, or capture images of the\npetitioner of the protective order or any other individual named in the\nprotective order.\n\nC. A violation of this section is a Class 1 misdemeanor.\n\nHISTORY: 2018, cc. 851, 852.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}