{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/18.2-420.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/18.2-420.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/18.2-420.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/18.2-420.html"}],"law_id":63218,"edition_id":1,"section_id":63218,"structure_id":15300,"section_number":"18.2-420","catch_line":"“Clandestine organization” defined","history":"Code 1950, \u00a7 18.1-380.1; 1968, c. 792; 1975, cc. 14, 15.","full_text":"“Clandestine organization” means: any organization (1) which conceals, or attempts to conceal, its name, activities or membership, or the names, activities or membership of any chapter, branch, unit or affiliate thereof, by the use of cover-names, codes, or any deceptive practice or other means, or (2) whose members shall be required, urged, or instructed, or shall adopt any practice, to conceal their membership or affiliation and that of others in or with such organization, or (3) whose members shall take any oath or pledge, or shall administer any such oath or pledge to those associated with them, to maintain in secrecy any matter or knowledge committed to them by the organization or by any member thereof, or (4) which shall transact business or advance any purpose at any secret meeting or meetings which are guarded or secured against intrusion by persons not associated with it, and (5) whose purpose, policy or activity includes the unlawful use of violence, threats, or intimidation in accomplishing any of its objectives.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":230477,"text":"“Clandestine organization” means: any organization (1) which conceals, or attempts to conceal, its name, activities or membership, or the names, activities or membership of any chapter, branch, unit or affiliate thereof, by the use of cover-names, codes, or any deceptive practice or other means, or (2) whose members shall be required, urged, or instructed, or shall adopt any practice, to conceal their membership or affiliation and that of others in or with such organization, or (3) whose members shall take any oath or pledge, or shall administer any such oath or pledge to those associated with them, to maintain in secrecy any matter or knowledge committed to them by the organization or by any member thereof, or (4) which shall transact business or advance any purpose at any secret meeting or meetings which are guarded or secured against intrusion by persons not associated with it, and (5) whose purpose, policy or activity includes the unlawful use of violence, threats, or intimidation in accomplishing any of its objectives.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1}},"ancestry":[{"id":15300,"edition_id":1,"name":"Activities Tending to Cause Violence","identifier":"5","label":"article","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":14570,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:53:46","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:53:46","permalink":{"id":168077,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":15300,"identifier":"5","token":"18.2\/9\/5","url":"\/18.2\/9\/5\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":14570,"edition_id":1,"name":"Crimes Against Peace and Order","identifier":"9","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12972,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:48:42","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:48:42","permalink":{"id":167995,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":14570,"identifier":"9","token":"18.2\/9","url":"\/18.2\/9\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12972,"edition_id":1,"name":"Crimes and Offenses Generally","identifier":"18.2","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:05","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:05","permalink":{"id":164139,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12972,"identifier":"18.2","token":"18.2","url":"\/18.2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":63218,"structure_id":15300,"section_number":"18.2-420","catch_line":"\"Clandestine organization\" defined","url":"\/18.2-420\/","token":"18.2\/9\/5\/18.2-420","metadata":false},{"id":58258,"structure_id":15300,"section_number":"18.2-421","catch_line":"Information to be filed by clandestine organization with State Corporation Commission","url":"\/18.2-421\/","token":"18.2\/9\/5\/18.2-421","metadata":false},{"id":82096,"structure_id":15300,"section_number":"18.2-422","catch_line":"Prohibition of wearing of masks in certain places; exceptions","url":"\/18.2-422\/","token":"18.2\/9\/5\/18.2-422","metadata":false},{"id":72550,"structure_id":15300,"section_number":"18.2-423","catch_line":"Burning cross on property of another or public place with intent to intimidate; penalty; prima facie evidence of intent","url":"\/18.2-423\/","token":"18.2\/9\/5\/18.2-423","metadata":false},{"id":77995,"structure_id":15300,"section_number":"18.2-423.01","catch_line":"Burning object on property of another or a highway or other public place with intent to intimidate; penalty","url":"\/18.2-423.01\/","token":"18.2\/9\/5\/18.2-423.01","metadata":false},{"id":86316,"structure_id":15300,"section_number":"18.2-423.1","catch_line":"Placing Nazi symbol or emblem on certain property with intent to intimidate; penalty; prima facie evidence of intent","url":"\/18.2-423.1\/","token":"18.2\/9\/5\/18.2-423.1","metadata":false},{"id":78205,"structure_id":15300,"section_number":"18.2-423.2","catch_line":"Displaying noose on property of another or a highway or other public place with intent to intimidate; penalty","url":"\/18.2-423.2\/","token":"18.2\/9\/5\/18.2-423.2","metadata":false}],"next_section":{"id":58258,"structure_id":15300,"section_number":"18.2-421","catch_line":"Information to be filed by clandestine organization with State Corporation Commission","url":"\/18.2-421\/","token":"18.2\/9\/5\/18.2-421","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/18.2-420\/","history_text":"

The record of this law\u2019s original creation isn\u2019t available online. It has been modified 2 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 1968, chapter 792; in 1975, chapters 14 and 15.<\/p>","references":[{"id":58258,"section_number":"18.2-421","catch_line":"Information to be filed by clandestine organization with State Corporation Commission","order_by":null,"url":"\/18.2-421\/"},{"id":77143,"section_number":"19.2-215.1","catch_line":"Functions of a multi-jurisdiction grand jury","order_by":null,"url":"\/19.2-215.1\/"}],"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":168079,"object_type":"law","relational_id":63218,"identifier":"18.2-420","token":"18.2\/9\/5\/18.2-420","url":"\/18.2-420\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/18.2-420\/","token":"18.2\/9\/5\/18.2-420","dublin_core":{"Title":"“Clandestine organization” defined","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 18.2-420","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

“Clandestine organization” means: any organization (1) which conceals, or attempts to conceal, its name, activities or membership, or the names, activities or membership of any chapter, branch, unit or affiliate thereof, by the use of cover-names, codes, or any deceptive practice or other means, or (2) whose members shall be required, urged, or instructed, or shall adopt any practice, to conceal their membership or affiliation and that of others in or with such organization, or (3) whose members shall take any oath<\/span> or pledge, or shall administer any such oath<\/span> or pledge to those associated with them, to maintain in secrecy any matter or knowledge committed to them by the organization or by any member thereof, or (4) which shall transact business or advance any purpose at any secret meeting or meetings which are guarded or secured against intrusion by persons not associated with it, and (5) whose purpose, policy or activity includes the unlawful use of violence, threats, or intimidation in accomplishing any of its objectives.<\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\n“CLANDESTINE ORGANIZATION” DEFINED (\u00a7 18.2-420)\n\n“Clandestine organization” means: any organization (1) which\nconceals, or attempts to conceal, its name, activities or membership, or the\nnames, activities or membership of any chapter, branch, unit or affiliate\nthereof, by the use of cover-names, codes, or any deceptive practice or other\nmeans, or (2) whose members shall be required, urged, or instructed, or shall\nadopt any practice, to conceal their membership or affiliation and that of\nothers in or with such organization, or (3) whose members shall take any oath or\npledge, or shall administer any such oath or pledge to those associated with\nthem, to maintain in secrecy any matter or knowledge committed to them by the\norganization or by any member thereof, or (4) which shall transact business or\nadvance any purpose at any secret meeting or meetings which are guarded or\nsecured against intrusion by persons not associated with it, and (5) whose\npurpose, policy or activity includes the unlawful use of violence, threats, or\nintimidation in accomplishing any of its objectives.\n\nHISTORY: Code 1950, \u00a7 18.1-380.1; 1968, c. 792; 1975, cc. 14, 15.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}