{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/18.2-423.2.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/18.2-423.2.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/18.2-423.2.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/18.2-423.2.html"}],"law_id":78205,"edition_id":1,"section_id":78205,"structure_id":15300,"section_number":"18.2-423.2","catch_line":"Displaying noose on property of another or a highway or other public place with intent to intimidate; penalty","history":"2009, c. 277.","full_text":"A\n\nAny person who, with the intent of intimidating any person or group of persons, displays a noose on the private property of another without permission is guilty of a Class 6 felony.B\n\nAny person who, with the intent of intimidating any person or group of persons, displays a noose on a highway or other public place in a manner having a direct tendency to place another person in reasonable fear or apprehension of death or bodily injury is guilty of a Class 6 felony.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":280316,"text":"Any person who, with the intent of intimidating any person or group of persons, displays a noose on the private property of another without permission is guilty of a Class 6 felony.","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"B"},"1":{"id":280317,"text":"Any person who, with the intent of intimidating any person or group of persons, displays a noose on a highway or other public place in a manner having a direct tendency to place another person in reasonable fear or apprehension of death or bodily injury is guilty of a Class 6 felony.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A"}},"ancestry":[{"id":15300,"edition_id":1,"name":"Activities Tending to Cause Violence","identifier":"5","label":"article","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":14570,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:53:46","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:53:46","permalink":{"id":168077,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":15300,"identifier":"5","token":"18.2\/9\/5","url":"\/18.2\/9\/5\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":14570,"edition_id":1,"name":"Crimes Against Peace and Order","identifier":"9","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12972,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:48:42","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:48:42","permalink":{"id":167995,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":14570,"identifier":"9","token":"18.2\/9","url":"\/18.2\/9\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12972,"edition_id":1,"name":"Crimes and Offenses Generally","identifier":"18.2","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:05","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:05","permalink":{"id":164139,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12972,"identifier":"18.2","token":"18.2","url":"\/18.2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":63218,"structure_id":15300,"section_number":"18.2-420","catch_line":"\"Clandestine organization\" defined","url":"\/18.2-420\/","token":"18.2\/9\/5\/18.2-420","metadata":false},{"id":58258,"structure_id":15300,"section_number":"18.2-421","catch_line":"Information to be filed by clandestine organization with State Corporation Commission","url":"\/18.2-421\/","token":"18.2\/9\/5\/18.2-421","metadata":false},{"id":82096,"structure_id":15300,"section_number":"18.2-422","catch_line":"Prohibition of wearing of masks in certain places; exceptions","url":"\/18.2-422\/","token":"18.2\/9\/5\/18.2-422","metadata":false},{"id":72550,"structure_id":15300,"section_number":"18.2-423","catch_line":"Burning cross on property of another or public place with intent to intimidate; penalty; prima facie evidence of intent","url":"\/18.2-423\/","token":"18.2\/9\/5\/18.2-423","metadata":false},{"id":77995,"structure_id":15300,"section_number":"18.2-423.01","catch_line":"Burning object on property of another or a highway or other public place with intent to intimidate; penalty","url":"\/18.2-423.01\/","token":"18.2\/9\/5\/18.2-423.01","metadata":false},{"id":86316,"structure_id":15300,"section_number":"18.2-423.1","catch_line":"Placing Nazi symbol or emblem on certain property with intent to intimidate; penalty; prima facie evidence of intent","url":"\/18.2-423.1\/","token":"18.2\/9\/5\/18.2-423.1","metadata":false},{"id":78205,"structure_id":15300,"section_number":"18.2-423.2","catch_line":"Displaying noose on property of another or a highway or other public place with intent to intimidate; penalty","url":"\/18.2-423.2\/","token":"18.2\/9\/5\/18.2-423.2","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":86316,"structure_id":15300,"section_number":"18.2-423.1","catch_line":"Placing Nazi symbol or emblem on certain property with intent to intimidate; penalty; prima facie evidence of intent","url":"\/18.2-423.1\/","token":"18.2\/9\/5\/18.2-423.1","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/18.2-423.2\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 2009. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 277<\/a> of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year.<\/p>","references":[{"id":80246,"section_number":"17.1-805","catch_line":"Adoption of initial discretionary sentencing guideline midpoints","order_by":null,"url":"\/17.1-805\/"},{"id":61280,"section_number":"19.2-392.02","catch_line":"National criminal background checks by businesses and organizations regarding employees or volunteers providing care to children or the elderly or disabled","order_by":null,"url":"\/19.2-392.02\/"},{"id":63586,"section_number":"53.1-202.3","catch_line":"Rate at which sentence credits may be earned; prerequisites","order_by":null,"url":"\/53.1-202.3\/"},{"id":58640,"section_number":"53.1-40.02","catch_line":"Conditional release of terminally ill prisoners","order_by":null,"url":"\/53.1-40.02\/"}],"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":168103,"object_type":"law","relational_id":78205,"identifier":"18.2-423.2","token":"18.2\/9\/5\/18.2-423.2","url":"\/18.2-423.2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/18.2-423.2\/","token":"18.2\/9\/5\/18.2-423.2","dublin_core":{"Title":"Displaying noose on property of another or a highway or other public place with intent to intimidate; penalty","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 18.2-423.2","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A.<\/span> Any person who, with the intent<\/span> of intimidating any person or group of persons, displays a noose on the private property of another without permission is guilty of a Class 6 felony<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> Any person who, with the intent<\/span> of intimidating any person or group of persons, displays a noose on a highway or other public place in a manner having a direct tendency to place another person in reasonable fear or apprehension of death or bodily injury is guilty of a Class 6 felony<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nDISPLAYING NOOSE ON PROPERTY OF ANOTHER OR A HIGHWAY OR OTHER PUBLIC PLACE WITH\nINTENT TO INTIMIDATE; PENALTY (\u00a7 18.2-423.2)\n\nA. Any person who, with the intent of intimidating any person or group of\npersons, displays a noose on the private property of another without permission\nis guilty of a Class 6 felony.\n\nB. Any person who, with the intent of intimidating any person or group of\npersons, displays a noose on a highway or other public place in a manner having\na direct tendency to place another person in reasonable fear or apprehension of\ndeath or bodily injury is guilty of a Class 6 felony.\n\nHISTORY: 2009, c. 277.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}