{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/2.2-3112.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/2.2-3112.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/2.2-3112.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/2.2-3112.html"}],"law_id":55243,"edition_id":1,"section_id":55243,"structure_id":14114,"section_number":"2.2-3112","catch_line":"Prohibited conduct concerning personal interest in a transaction; exceptions","history":"1987, Sp. Sess., c. 1, \u00a7 2.1-639.11; 2001, c. 844; 2003, c. 694; 2007, c. 613; 2012, c. 429; 2017, cc. 829, 832.","full_text":"A\n\nEach officer and employee of any state or local governmental or advisory agency who has a personal interest in a transaction shall disqualify himself from participating in the transaction if (i) the transaction has application solely to property or a business or governmental agency in which he has a personal interest or a business that has a parent-subsidiary or affiliated business entity relationship with the business in which he has a personal interest or (ii) he is unable to participate pursuant to subdivision B 1, 2, or 3. Any disqualification under the provisions of this subsection shall be recorded in the public records of the officer’s or employee’s governmental or advisory agency. The officer or employee shall disclose his personal interest as required by subsection E of § 2.2-3114 or subsection F of § 2.2-3115 and shall not vote or in any manner act on behalf of his agency in the transaction. The officer or employee shall be prohibited from (i) attending any portion of a closed meeting authorized by the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (§ 2.2-3700 et seq.) when the matter in which he has a personal interest is discussed and (ii) discussing the matter in which he has a personal interest with other governmental officers or employees at any time.B\n\nAn officer or employee of any state or local government or advisory agency who has a personal interest in a transaction may participate in the transaction:1\n\nIf he is a member of a business, profession, occupation, or group of three or more persons the members of which are affected by the transaction, and he complies with the declaration requirements of subsection F of § 2.2-3114 or subsection H of § 2.2-3115;2\n\nWhen a party to the transaction is a client of his firm if he does not personally represent or provide services to such client and he complies with the declaration requirements of subsection G of § 2.2-3114 or subsection I of § 2.2-3115; or3\n\nIf it affects the public generally, even though his personal interest, as a member of the public, may also be affected by that transaction.C\n\nDisqualification under the provisions of this section shall not prevent any employee having a personal interest in a transaction in which his agency is involved from representing himself or a member of his immediate family in such transaction provided he does not receive compensation for such representation and provided he complies with the disqualification and relevant disclosure requirements of this chapter.D\n\nNotwithstanding any other provision of law, if disqualifications of officers or employees in accordance with this section leave less than the number required by law to act, the remaining member or members shall constitute a quorum for the conduct of business and have authority to act for the agency by majority vote, unless a unanimous vote of all members is required by law, in which case authority to act shall require a unanimous vote of remaining members. Notwithstanding any provisions of this chapter to the contrary, members of a local governing body whose sole interest in any proposed sale, contract of sale, exchange, lease or conveyance is by virtue of their employment by a business involved in a proposed sale, contract of sale, exchange, lease or conveyance, and where such member’s or members’ vote is essential to a constitutional majority required pursuant to Article VII, Section 9 of the Constitution of Virginia and § 15.2-2100, such member or members of the local governing body may vote and participate in the deliberations of the governing body concerning whether to approve, enter into or execute such sale, contract of sale, exchange, lease or conveyance. Official action taken under circumstances that violate this section may be rescinded by the agency on such terms as the interests of the agency and innocent third parties require.E\n\nThe provisions of subsection A shall not prevent an officer or employee from participating in a transaction merely because such officer or employee is a party in a legal proceeding of a civil nature concerning such transaction.F\n\nThe provisions of subsection A shall not prevent an employee from participating in a transaction regarding textbooks or other educational material for students at state institutions of higher education, when those textbooks or materials have been authored or otherwise created by the employee.G\n\nThe provisions of this section shall not prevent any justice of the Supreme Court of Virginia, judge of the Court of Appeals of Virginia, judge of any circuit court, judge or substitute judge of any district court, member of the State Corporation Commission, or member of the Virginia Workers’ Compensation Commission from participating in a transaction where such individual’s participation involves the performance of adjudicative responsibilities as set forth in Canon 3 of the Canons of Judicial Conduct for the State of Virginia. However, nothing in this subsection shall be construed to authorize such individual’s participation in a transaction if such participation would constitute a violation of the Canons of Judicial Conduct for the State of Virginia.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":202543,"text":"Each officer and employee of any state or local governmental or advisory agency who has a personal interest in a transaction shall disqualify himself from participating in the transaction if (i) the transaction has application solely to property or a business or governmental agency in which he has a personal interest or a business that has a parent-subsidiary or affiliated business entity relationship with the business in which he has a personal interest or (ii) he is unable to participate pursuant to subdivision B 1, 2, or 3. Any disqualification under the provisions of this subsection shall be recorded in the public records of the officer’s or employee’s governmental or advisory agency. The officer or employee shall disclose his personal interest as required by subsection E of § 2.2-3114 or subsection F of § 2.2-3115 and shall not vote or in any manner act on behalf of his agency in the transaction. The officer or employee shall be prohibited from (i) attending any portion of a closed meeting authorized by the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (§ 2.2-3700 et seq.) when the matter in which he has a personal interest is discussed and (ii) discussing the matter in which he has a personal interest with other governmental officers or employees at any time.","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"B"},"1":{"id":202544,"text":"An officer or employee of any state or local government or advisory agency who has a personal interest in a transaction may participate in the transaction:","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"B1"},"2":{"id":202545,"text":"If he is a member of a business, profession, occupation, or group of three or more persons the members of which are affected by the transaction, and he complies with the declaration requirements of subsection F of § 2.2-3114 or subsection H of § 2.2-3115;","type":"section","prefixes":["B","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"B1","prefix_anchor":"B1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"B","next_prefix":"B2"},"3":{"id":202546,"text":"When a party to the transaction is a client of his firm if he does not personally represent or provide services to such client and he complies with the declaration requirements of subsection G of § 2.2-3114 or subsection I of § 2.2-3115; or","type":"section","prefixes":["B","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"B2","prefix_anchor":"B2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"B1","next_prefix":"B3"},"4":{"id":202547,"text":"If it affects the public generally, even though his personal interest, as a member of the public, may also be affected by that transaction.","type":"section","prefixes":["B","3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"B3","prefix_anchor":"B3","level":2,"prior_prefix":"B2","next_prefix":"C"},"5":{"id":202548,"text":"Disqualification under the provisions of this section shall not prevent any employee having a personal interest in a transaction in which his agency is involved from representing himself or a member of his immediate family in such transaction provided he does not receive compensation for such representation and provided he complies with the disqualification and relevant disclosure requirements of this chapter.","type":"section","prefixes":["C"],"prefix":"C","entire_prefix":"C","prefix_anchor":"C","level":1,"prior_prefix":"B3","next_prefix":"D"},"6":{"id":202549,"text":"Notwithstanding any other provision of law, if disqualifications of officers or employees in accordance with this section leave less than the number required by law to act, the remaining member or members shall constitute a quorum for the conduct of business and have authority to act for the agency by majority vote, unless a unanimous vote of all members is required by law, in which case authority to act shall require a unanimous vote of remaining members. Notwithstanding any provisions of this chapter to the contrary, members of a local governing body whose sole interest in any proposed sale, contract of sale, exchange, lease or conveyance is by virtue of their employment by a business involved in a proposed sale, contract of sale, exchange, lease or conveyance, and where such member’s or members’ vote is essential to a constitutional majority required pursuant to Article VII, Section 9 of the Constitution of Virginia and § 15.2-2100, such member or members of the local governing body may vote and participate in the deliberations of the governing body concerning whether to approve, enter into or execute such sale, contract of sale, exchange, lease or conveyance. Official action taken under circumstances that violate this section may be rescinded by the agency on such terms as the interests of the agency and innocent third parties require.","type":"section","prefixes":["D"],"prefix":"D","entire_prefix":"D","prefix_anchor":"D","level":1,"prior_prefix":"C","next_prefix":"E"},"7":{"id":202550,"text":"The provisions of subsection A shall not prevent an officer or employee from participating in a transaction merely because such officer or employee is a party in a legal proceeding of a civil nature concerning such transaction.","type":"section","prefixes":["E"],"prefix":"E","entire_prefix":"E","prefix_anchor":"E","level":1,"prior_prefix":"D","next_prefix":"F"},"8":{"id":202551,"text":"The provisions of subsection A shall not prevent an employee from participating in a transaction regarding textbooks or other educational material for students at state institutions of higher education, when those textbooks or materials have been authored or otherwise created by the employee.","type":"section","prefixes":["F"],"prefix":"F","entire_prefix":"F","prefix_anchor":"F","level":1,"prior_prefix":"E","next_prefix":"G"},"9":{"id":202552,"text":"The provisions of this section shall not prevent any justice of the Supreme Court of Virginia, judge of the Court of Appeals of Virginia, judge of any circuit court, judge or substitute judge of any district court, member of the State Corporation Commission, or member of the Virginia Workers’ Compensation Commission from participating in a transaction where such individual’s participation involves the performance of adjudicative responsibilities as set forth in Canon 3 of the Canons of Judicial Conduct for the State of Virginia. However, nothing in this subsection shall be construed to authorize such individual’s participation in a transaction if such participation would constitute a violation of the Canons of Judicial Conduct for the State of Virginia.","type":"section","prefixes":["G"],"prefix":"G","entire_prefix":"G","prefix_anchor":"G","level":1,"prior_prefix":"F"}},"ancestry":[{"id":14114,"edition_id":1,"name":"Prohibited Conduct Relating to Transactions","identifier":"4","label":"article","depth":5,"order_by":1,"parent_id":14113,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:46:54","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:46:54","permalink":{"id":176107,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":14114,"identifier":"4","token":"2.2\/I\/E\/31\/4","url":"\/2.2\/I\/E\/31\/4\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":14113,"edition_id":1,"name":"State and Local Government Conflict of Interests Act","identifier":"31","label":"chapter","depth":4,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13049,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:46:54","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:46:54","permalink":{"id":176023,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":14113,"identifier":"31","token":"2.2\/I\/E\/31","url":"\/2.2\/I\/E\/31\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13049,"edition_id":1,"name":"State Officers and Employees","identifier":"E","label":"part","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12784,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:11","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:11","permalink":{"id":175733,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13049,"identifier":"E","token":"2.2\/I\/E","url":"\/2.2\/I\/E\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12784,"edition_id":1,"name":"Organization of State Government","identifier":"I","label":"subtitle","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12749,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:53","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:53","permalink":{"id":171455,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12784,"identifier":"I","token":"2.2\/I","url":"\/2.2\/I\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12749,"edition_id":1,"name":"Administration of Government","identifier":"2.2","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","permalink":{"id":171453,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12749,"identifier":"2.2","token":"2.2","url":"\/2.2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":64255,"structure_id":14114,"section_number":"2.2-3111","catch_line":"Application","url":"\/2.2-3111\/","token":"2.2\/I\/E\/31\/4\/2.2-3111","metadata":false},{"id":55243,"structure_id":14114,"section_number":"2.2-3112","catch_line":"Prohibited conduct concerning personal interest in a transaction; exceptions","url":"\/2.2-3112\/","token":"2.2\/I\/E\/31\/4\/2.2-3112","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":64255,"structure_id":14114,"section_number":"2.2-3111","catch_line":"Application","url":"\/2.2-3111\/","token":"2.2\/I\/E\/31\/4\/2.2-3111","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/2.2-3112\/","history_text":"

The record of this law\u2019s original creation isn\u2019t available online. It has been modified 5 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 2001, chapter 844<\/a>; in 2003, chapter 694<\/a>; in 2007, chapter 613<\/a>; in 2012, chapter 429<\/a>; in 2017, chapters 829<\/a> and 832<\/a>.<\/p>","references":[{"id":85837,"section_number":"19.2-386.33","catch_line":"Forfeiture of money, etc., derived from violation of \u00a7\u00a7 2.2-3103 through 2.2-3112","order_by":null,"url":"\/19.2-386.33\/"},{"id":66885,"section_number":"2.2-3114","catch_line":"Disclosure by state officers and employees","order_by":null,"url":"\/2.2-3114\/"},{"id":64549,"section_number":"2.2-3115","catch_line":"Disclosure by local government officers and employees","order_by":null,"url":"\/2.2-3115\/"},{"id":68925,"section_number":"2.2-3120","catch_line":"Knowing violation of chapter a misdemeanor","order_by":null,"url":"\/2.2-3120\/"},{"id":72846,"section_number":"2.2-3124","catch_line":"Civil penalty from violation of this chapter","order_by":null,"url":"\/2.2-3124\/"},{"id":65996,"section_number":"2.2-4369","catch_line":"Proscribed participation by public employees in procurement transactions","order_by":null,"url":"\/2.2-4369\/"}],"refers_to":[{"id":71724,"section_number":"15.2-2100","catch_line":"Restrictions on selling certain municipal public property and granting franchises","order_by":null,"url":"\/15.2-2100\/"},{"id":66885,"section_number":"2.2-3114","catch_line":"Disclosure by state officers and employees","order_by":null,"url":"\/2.2-3114\/"},{"id":64549,"section_number":"2.2-3115","catch_line":"Disclosure by local government officers and employees","order_by":null,"url":"\/2.2-3115\/"},{"id":55569,"section_number":"2.2-3700","catch_line":"Short title; policy","order_by":null,"url":"\/2.2-3700\/"}],"permalink":{"id":176113,"object_type":"law","relational_id":55243,"identifier":"2.2-3112","token":"2.2\/I\/E\/31\/4\/2.2-3112","url":"\/2.2-3112\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/2.2-3112\/","token":"2.2\/I\/E\/31\/4\/2.2-3112","dublin_core":{"Title":"Prohibited conduct concerning personal interest in a transaction; exceptions","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 2.2-3112","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A.<\/span> Each officer<\/span> and employee<\/span> of any state or local governmental or advisory agency<\/span> who has a personal interest in a transaction<\/span> shall disqualify himself from participating in the transaction if (i) the transaction has application solely to property or a business or governmental agency<\/span> in which he has a personal interest or a business that has a parent-subsidiary or affiliated business entity relationship<\/span> with the business in which he has a personal interest or (ii) he is unable to participate pursuant to subdivision B 1, 2, or 3. Any disqualification under the provisions of this subsection shall be recorded in the public records of the officer<\/span>’s or employee<\/span>’s governmental or advisory agency<\/span>. The officer<\/span> or employee<\/span> shall disclose his personal interest as required by subsection E of § 2.2-3114<\/a> or subsection F of § 2.2-3115<\/a> and shall not vote or in any manner act on behalf of his agency in the transaction. The officer<\/span> or employee<\/span> shall be prohibited from (i) attending any portion of a closed meeting authorized by the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (§ 2.2-3700<\/a> et seq.) when the matter in which he has a personal interest is discussed and (ii) discussing the matter in which he has a personal interest with other governmental officers<\/span> or employees<\/span> at any time. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> An officer<\/span> or employee<\/span> of any state or local government or advisory agency<\/span> who has a personal interest in a transaction<\/span> may participate in the transaction: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> If he is a member of a business, profession, occupation, or group of three or more persons the members of which are affected by the transaction, and he complies with the declaration requirements of subsection F of § 2.2-3114<\/a> or subsection H of § 2.2-3115<\/a>; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> When a party<\/span> to the transaction is a client of his firm if he does not personally represent or provide services to such client and he complies with the declaration requirements of subsection G of § 2.2-3114<\/a> or subsection I of § 2.2-3115<\/a>; or <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

3.<\/span> If it affects the public generally, even though his personal interest, as a member of the public, may also be affected by that transaction. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

C.<\/span> Disqualification under the provisions of this section shall not prevent any employee<\/span> having a personal interest in a transaction<\/span> in which his agency is involved from representing himself or a member of his immediate family<\/span> in such transaction provided he does not receive compensation for such representation and provided he complies with the disqualification and relevant disclosure requirements of this chapter. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

D.<\/span> Notwithstanding any other provision of law<\/span>, if disqualifications of officers<\/span> or employees<\/span> in accordance with this section leave less than the number required by law<\/span> to act, the remaining member or members shall constitute a quorum for the conduct of business and have authority to act for the agency by majority vote, unless a unanimous vote of all members is required by law<\/span>, in which case authority to act shall require a unanimous vote of remaining members. Notwithstanding any provisions of this chapter to the contrary, members of a local governing body whose sole interest in any proposed sale, contract<\/span> of sale, exchange, lease or conveyance is by virtue of their employment by a business involved in a proposed sale, contract<\/span> of sale, exchange, lease or conveyance, and where such member’s or members’ vote is essential to a constitutional majority required pursuant to Article VII, Section 9 of the Constitution of Virginia and § 15.2-2100<\/a>, such member or members of the local governing body may vote and participate in the deliberations<\/span> of the governing body concerning whether to approve, enter into or execute such sale, contract<\/span> of sale, exchange, lease or conveyance. Official action taken under circumstances that violate this section may be rescinded by the agency on such terms as the interests of the agency and innocent third parties require. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

E.<\/span> The provisions of subsection A shall not prevent an officer<\/span> or employee<\/span> from participating in a transaction merely because such officer<\/span> or employee<\/span> is a party<\/span> in a legal proceeding of a civil nature concerning such transaction. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

F.<\/span> The provisions of subsection A shall not prevent an employee<\/span> from participating in a transaction regarding textbooks or other educational material<\/span> for students at state institutions of higher education, when those textbooks or materials<\/span> have been authored or otherwise created by the employee<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

G.<\/span> The provisions of this section shall not prevent any justice of the Supreme Court<\/span> of Virginia, judge<\/span> of the Court<\/span> of Appeals<\/span> of Virginia, judge<\/span> of any circuit<\/span> court<\/span>, judge<\/span> or substitute judge<\/span> of any district court<\/span>, member of the State Corporation Commission, or member of the Virginia Workers’ Compensation Commission from participating in a transaction where such individual’s participation involves the performance of adjudicative responsibilities as set forth in Canon 3 of the Canons of Judicial Conduct for the State of Virginia. However, nothing in this subsection shall be construed to authorize such individual’s participation in a transaction if such participation would constitute a violation of the Canons of Judicial Conduct for the State of Virginia. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nPROHIBITED CONDUCT CONCERNING PERSONAL INTEREST IN A TRANSACTION; EXCEPTIONS (\u00a7\n2.2-3112)\n\nA. Each officer and employee of any state or local governmental or advisory\nagency who has a personal interest in a transaction shall disqualify himself\nfrom participating in the transaction if (i) the transaction has application\nsolely to property or a business or governmental agency in which he has a\npersonal interest or a business that has a parent-subsidiary or affiliated\nbusiness entity relationship with the business in which he has a personal\ninterest or (ii) he is unable to participate pursuant to subdivision B 1, 2, or\n3. Any disqualification under the provisions of this subsection shall be\nrecorded in the public records of the officer’s or employee’s\ngovernmental or advisory agency. The officer or employee shall disclose his\npersonal interest as required by subsection E of § 2.2-3114 or subsection F\nof § 2.2-3115 and shall not vote or in any manner act on behalf of his\nagency in the transaction. The officer or employee shall be prohibited from (i)\nattending any portion of a closed meeting authorized by the Virginia Freedom of\nInformation Act (§ 2.2-3700 et seq.) when the matter in which he has a\npersonal interest is discussed and (ii) discussing the matter in which he has a\npersonal interest with other governmental officers or employees at any time.\n\nB. An officer or employee of any state or local government or advisory agency\nwho has a personal interest in a transaction may participate in the transaction:\n\n 1. If he is a member of a business, profession, occupation, or group of three\n or more persons the members of which are affected by the transaction, and he\n complies with the declaration requirements of subsection F of § 2.2-3114\n or subsection H of § 2.2-3115;\n\n 2. When a party to the transaction is a client of his firm if he does not\n personally represent or provide services to such client and he complies with\n the declaration requirements of subsection G of § 2.2-3114 or subsection\n I of § 2.2-3115; or\n\n 3. If it affects the public generally, even though his personal interest, as a\n member of the public, may also be affected by that transaction.\n\nC. Disqualification under the provisions of this section shall not prevent any\nemployee having a personal interest in a transaction in which his agency is\ninvolved from representing himself or a member of his immediate family in such\ntransaction provided he does not receive compensation for such representation\nand provided he complies with the disqualification and relevant disclosure\nrequirements of this chapter.\n\nD. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, if disqualifications of officers\nor employees in accordance with this section leave less than the number required\nby law to act, the remaining member or members shall constitute a quorum for the\nconduct of business and have authority to act for the agency by majority vote,\nunless a unanimous vote of all members is required by law, in which case\nauthority to act shall require a unanimous vote of remaining members.\nNotwithstanding any provisions of this chapter to the contrary, members of a\nlocal governing body whose sole interest in any proposed sale, contract of sale,\nexchange, lease or conveyance is by virtue of their employment by a business\ninvolved in a proposed sale, contract of sale, exchange, lease or conveyance,\nand where such member’s or members’ vote is essential to a\nconstitutional majority required pursuant to Article VII, Section 9 of the\nConstitution of Virginia and § 15.2-2100, such member or members of the\nlocal governing body may vote and participate in the deliberations of the\ngoverning body concerning whether to approve, enter into or execute such sale,\ncontract of sale, exchange, lease or conveyance. Official action taken under\ncircumstances that violate this section may be rescinded by the agency on such\nterms as the interests of the agency and innocent third parties require.\n\nE. The provisions of subsection A shall not prevent an officer or employee from\nparticipating in a transaction merely because such officer or employee is a\nparty in a legal proceeding of a civil nature concerning such transaction.\n\nF. The provisions of subsection A shall not prevent an employee from\nparticipating in a transaction regarding textbooks or other educational material\nfor students at state institutions of higher education, when those textbooks or\nmaterials have been authored or otherwise created by the employee.\n\nG. The provisions of this section shall not prevent any justice of the Supreme\nCourt of Virginia, judge of the Court of Appeals of Virginia, judge of any\ncircuit court, judge or substitute judge of any district court, member of the\nState Corporation Commission, or member of the Virginia Workers’\nCompensation Commission from participating in a transaction where such\nindividual’s participation involves the performance of adjudicative\nresponsibilities as set forth in Canon 3 of the Canons of Judicial Conduct for\nthe State of Virginia. However, nothing in this subsection shall be construed to\nauthorize such individual’s participation in a transaction if such\nparticipation would constitute a violation of the Canons of Judicial Conduct for\nthe State of Virginia.\n\nHISTORY: 1987, Sp. Sess., c. 1, \u00a7 2.1-639.11; 2001, c. 844; 2003, c. 694; 2007,\nc. 613; 2012, c. 429; 2017, cc. 829, 832.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}