{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/2.2-4012.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/2.2-4012.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/2.2-4012.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/2.2-4012.html"}],"law_id":70566,"edition_id":1,"section_id":70566,"structure_id":13410,"section_number":"2.2-4012","catch_line":"Purpose; adoption; effective date; filing; duties of Registrar of Regulations","history":"1975, c. 503, \u00a7 9-6.14:9; 1977, cc. 450, 459; 1981, c. 387; 1982, c. 425; 1983, c. 295; 1984, c. 5; 1989, c. 71; 1992, c. 829; 1993, c. 898; 1994, c. 938; 2001, c. 844; 2003, c. 224; 2007, cc. 873, 916.","full_text":"A\n\nThe purpose of the regulatory procedures shall be to provide a regulatory plan that is predictable, based on measurable and anticipated outcomes, and is inclined toward conflict resolution.B\n\nSubject to the provisions of §§ 2.2-4013 and 2.2-4014, all regulations, including those that agencies, pursuant to § 2.2-4002, 2.2-4006, or 2.2-4011, may elect to dispense with the public procedures provided by §§ 2.2-4007.01 and 2.2-4009, may be formally and finally adopted by the signed order of the agency so stating. No regulation except an emergency regulation or a noncontroversial regulation promulgated pursuant to § 2.2-4012.1 shall be effective until the expiration of the applicable period as provided in § 2.2-4015. In the case of an emergency regulation filed in accordance with § 2.2-4011, the regulation shall become effective upon its adoption and filing with the Registrar of Regulations, unless a later date is specified. The originals of all regulations shall remain in the custody of the agency as public records subject to judicial notice by all courts and agencies. They, or facsimiles thereof, shall be made available for public inspection or copying. Full and true copies shall also be additionally filed, registered, published, or otherwise made publicly available as required by other laws.C\n\nPrior to the publication for hearing of a proposed regulation, copies of the regulation and copies of the summary and statement as to the basis, purpose, substance, issues, and the economic impact estimate of the regulation submitted by the Department of Planning and Budget and the agency’s response thereto as required by § 2.2-4007.04 shall be transmitted to the Registrar of Regulations, who shall retain these documents.D\n\nAll regulations adopted pursuant to this chapter shall contain a citation to the section of the Code of Virginia that authorizes or requires the regulations and, where the regulations are required to conform to federal law or regulation in order to be valid, a citation to the specific federal law or regulation to which conformity is required.E\n\nImmediately upon the adoption by any agency of any regulation in final form, a copy of (i) the regulation, (ii) a then current summary and statement as to the basis, purpose, substance, issues, and the economic impact estimate of the regulation submitted by the Department of Planning and Budget, and (iii) the agency’s summary description of the nature of the oral and written data, views, or arguments presented during the public proceedings and the agency’s comments thereon shall be transmitted to the Registrar of Regulations, who shall retain these documents as permanent records and make them available for public inspection. A draft of the agency’s summary description of public comment shall be sent by the agency to all public commenters on the proposed regulation at least five days before final adoption of the regulation.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":254622,"text":"The purpose of the regulatory procedures shall be to provide a regulatory plan that is predictable, based on measurable and anticipated outcomes, and is inclined toward conflict resolution.","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"B"},"1":{"id":254623,"text":"Subject to the provisions of §§ 2.2-4013 and 2.2-4014, all regulations, including those that agencies, pursuant to § 2.2-4002, 2.2-4006, or 2.2-4011, may elect to dispense with the public procedures provided by §§ 2.2-4007.01 and 2.2-4009, may be formally and finally adopted by the signed order of the agency so stating. No regulation except an emergency regulation or a noncontroversial regulation promulgated pursuant to § 2.2-4012.1 shall be effective until the expiration of the applicable period as provided in § 2.2-4015. In the case of an emergency regulation filed in accordance with § 2.2-4011, the regulation shall become effective upon its adoption and filing with the Registrar of Regulations, unless a later date is specified. The originals of all regulations shall remain in the custody of the agency as public records subject to judicial notice by all courts and agencies. They, or facsimiles thereof, shall be made available for public inspection or copying. Full and true copies shall also be additionally filed, registered, published, or otherwise made publicly available as required by other laws.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"C"},"2":{"id":254624,"text":"Prior to the publication for hearing of a proposed regulation, copies of the regulation and copies of the summary and statement as to the basis, purpose, substance, issues, and the economic impact estimate of the regulation submitted by the Department of Planning and Budget and the agency’s response thereto as required by § 2.2-4007.04 shall be transmitted to the Registrar of Regulations, who shall retain these documents.","type":"section","prefixes":["C"],"prefix":"C","entire_prefix":"C","prefix_anchor":"C","level":1,"prior_prefix":"B","next_prefix":"D"},"3":{"id":254625,"text":"All regulations adopted pursuant to this chapter shall contain a citation to the section of the Code of Virginia that authorizes or requires the regulations and, where the regulations are required to conform to federal law or regulation in order to be valid, a citation to the specific federal law or regulation to which conformity is required.","type":"section","prefixes":["D"],"prefix":"D","entire_prefix":"D","prefix_anchor":"D","level":1,"prior_prefix":"C","next_prefix":"E"},"4":{"id":254626,"text":"Immediately upon the adoption by any agency of any regulation in final form, a copy of (i) the regulation, (ii) a then current summary and statement as to the basis, purpose, substance, issues, and the economic impact estimate of the regulation submitted by the Department of Planning and Budget, and (iii) the agency’s summary description of the nature of the oral and written data, views, or arguments presented during the public proceedings and the agency’s comments thereon shall be transmitted to the Registrar of Regulations, who shall retain these documents as permanent records and make them available for public inspection. A draft of the agency’s summary description of public comment shall be sent by the agency to all public commenters on the proposed regulation at least five days before final adoption of the regulation.","type":"section","prefixes":["E"],"prefix":"E","entire_prefix":"E","prefix_anchor":"E","level":1,"prior_prefix":"D"}},"ancestry":[{"id":13410,"edition_id":1,"name":"Regulations","identifier":"2","label":"article","depth":5,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12798,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:50","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:50","permalink":{"id":176749,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13410,"identifier":"2","token":"2.2\/II\/B\/40\/2","url":"\/2.2\/II\/B\/40\/2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12798,"edition_id":1,"name":"Administrative Process Act","identifier":"40","label":"chapter","depth":4,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12751,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:53","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:53","permalink":{"id":176717,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12798,"identifier":"40","token":"2.2\/II\/B\/40","url":"\/2.2\/II\/B\/40\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12751,"edition_id":1,"name":"Transaction of Public Business","identifier":"B","label":"part","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12750,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","permalink":{"id":176445,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12751,"identifier":"B","token":"2.2\/II\/B","url":"\/2.2\/II\/B\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12750,"edition_id":1,"name":"Administration of State Government","identifier":"II","label":"subtitle","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12749,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","permalink":{"id":176253,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12750,"identifier":"II","token":"2.2\/II","url":"\/2.2\/II\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12749,"edition_id":1,"name":"Administration of Government","identifier":"2.2","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","permalink":{"id":171453,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12749,"identifier":"2.2","token":"2.2","url":"\/2.2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":78729,"structure_id":13410,"section_number":"2.2-4006","catch_line":"Exemptions from requirements of this article","url":"\/2.2-4006\/","token":"2.2\/II\/B\/40\/2\/2.2-4006","metadata":false},{"id":58015,"structure_id":13410,"section_number":"2.2-4007","catch_line":"Petitions for new or amended regulations; opportunity for public comment","url":"\/2.2-4007\/","token":"2.2\/II\/B\/40\/2\/2.2-4007","metadata":false},{"id":74274,"structure_id":13410,"section_number":"2.2-4007.01","catch_line":"Notice of intended regulatory action; public hearing","url":"\/2.2-4007.01\/","token":"2.2\/II\/B\/40\/2\/2.2-4007.01","metadata":false},{"id":82742,"structure_id":13410,"section_number":"2.2-4007.02","catch_line":"Public participation guidelines","url":"\/2.2-4007.02\/","token":"2.2\/II\/B\/40\/2\/2.2-4007.02","metadata":false},{"id":54379,"structure_id":13410,"section_number":"2.2-4007.03","catch_line":"Informational proceedings; effect of noncompliance","url":"\/2.2-4007.03\/","token":"2.2\/II\/B\/40\/2\/2.2-4007.03","metadata":false},{"id":79050,"structure_id":13410,"section_number":"2.2-4007.04","catch_line":"Economic impact analysis","url":"\/2.2-4007.04\/","token":"2.2\/II\/B\/40\/2\/2.2-4007.04","metadata":false},{"id":56978,"structure_id":13410,"section_number":"2.2-4007.04:01","catch_line":"Notice required of certain departments","url":"\/2.2-4007.04_01\/","token":"2.2\/II\/B\/40\/2\/2.2-4007.04_01","metadata":false},{"id":68425,"structure_id":13410,"section_number":"2.2-4007.05","catch_line":"Submission of proposed regulations to the Registrar","url":"\/2.2-4007.05\/","token":"2.2\/II\/B\/40\/2\/2.2-4007.05","metadata":false},{"id":84064,"structure_id":13410,"section_number":"2.2-4007.06","catch_line":"Changes between proposed and final regulations","url":"\/2.2-4007.06\/","token":"2.2\/II\/B\/40\/2\/2.2-4007.06","metadata":false},{"id":61832,"structure_id":13410,"section_number":"2.2-4007.07","catch_line":"State Air Pollution Control Board; variances","url":"\/2.2-4007.07\/","token":"2.2\/II\/B\/40\/2\/2.2-4007.07","metadata":false},{"id":76510,"structure_id":13410,"section_number":"2.2-4007.1","catch_line":"Regulatory flexibility for small businesses; periodic review of regulations","url":"\/2.2-4007.1\/","token":"2.2\/II\/B\/40\/2\/2.2-4007.1","metadata":false},{"id":66374,"structure_id":13410,"section_number":"2.2-4007.2","catch_line":"Regulations requiring the submission of documents or payments","url":"\/2.2-4007.2\/","token":"2.2\/II\/B\/40\/2\/2.2-4007.2","metadata":false},{"id":70446,"structure_id":13410,"section_number":"2.2-4008","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/2.2-4008\/","token":"2.2\/II\/B\/40\/2\/2.2-4008","metadata":false},{"id":72032,"structure_id":13410,"section_number":"2.2-4009","catch_line":"Evidentiary hearings on regulations","url":"\/2.2-4009\/","token":"2.2\/II\/B\/40\/2\/2.2-4009","metadata":false},{"id":65085,"structure_id":13410,"section_number":"2.2-4010","catch_line":"Pilot programs for regulations imposing local government mandates","url":"\/2.2-4010\/","token":"2.2\/II\/B\/40\/2\/2.2-4010","metadata":false},{"id":66162,"structure_id":13410,"section_number":"2.2-4011","catch_line":"Emergency regulations; publication; exceptions","url":"\/2.2-4011\/","token":"2.2\/II\/B\/40\/2\/2.2-4011","metadata":false},{"id":70566,"structure_id":13410,"section_number":"2.2-4012","catch_line":"Purpose; adoption; effective date; filing; duties of Registrar of Regulations","url":"\/2.2-4012\/","token":"2.2\/II\/B\/40\/2\/2.2-4012","metadata":false},{"id":62113,"structure_id":13410,"section_number":"2.2-4012.1","catch_line":"Fast-track rulemaking process","url":"\/2.2-4012.1\/","token":"2.2\/II\/B\/40\/2\/2.2-4012.1","metadata":false},{"id":68772,"structure_id":13410,"section_number":"2.2-4013","catch_line":"Executive review of proposed and final regulations; changes with substantial impact","url":"\/2.2-4013\/","token":"2.2\/II\/B\/40\/2\/2.2-4013","metadata":false},{"id":73052,"structure_id":13410,"section_number":"2.2-4014","catch_line":"Legislative review of proposed and final regulations","url":"\/2.2-4014\/","token":"2.2\/II\/B\/40\/2\/2.2-4014","metadata":false},{"id":70514,"structure_id":13410,"section_number":"2.2-4015","catch_line":"Effective date of regulation; exception","url":"\/2.2-4015\/","token":"2.2\/II\/B\/40\/2\/2.2-4015","metadata":false},{"id":80470,"structure_id":13410,"section_number":"2.2-4016","catch_line":"Withdrawal of regulation","url":"\/2.2-4016\/","token":"2.2\/II\/B\/40\/2\/2.2-4016","metadata":false},{"id":70351,"structure_id":13410,"section_number":"2.2-4017","catch_line":"Periodic review of regulations","url":"\/2.2-4017\/","token":"2.2\/II\/B\/40\/2\/2.2-4017","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":66162,"structure_id":13410,"section_number":"2.2-4011","catch_line":"Emergency regulations; publication; exceptions","url":"\/2.2-4011\/","token":"2.2\/II\/B\/40\/2\/2.2-4011","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":62113,"structure_id":13410,"section_number":"2.2-4012.1","catch_line":"Fast-track rulemaking process","url":"\/2.2-4012.1\/","token":"2.2\/II\/B\/40\/2\/2.2-4012.1","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/2.2-4012\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 1975. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 503 of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. Unfortunately, the 1975 \u201cActs\u201d aren\u2019t available online. It has been modified 12 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 1977, chapters 450 and 459; in 1981, chapter 387; in 1982, chapter 425; in 1983, chapter 295; in 1984, chapter 5; in 1989, chapter 71; in 1992, chapter 829; in 1993, chapter 898; in 1994, chapter 938<\/a>; in 2001, chapter 844<\/a>; in 2003, chapter 224<\/a>; in 2007, chapters 873<\/a> and 916<\/a>.<\/p>","references":[{"id":66162,"section_number":"2.2-4011","catch_line":"Emergency regulations; publication; exceptions","order_by":null,"url":"\/2.2-4011\/"},{"id":60462,"section_number":"53.1-84","catch_line":"State funds available to local correctional facilities for operating costs","order_by":null,"url":"\/53.1-84\/"}],"refers_to":[{"id":69625,"section_number":"2.2-4002","catch_line":"Exemptions from chapter generally","order_by":null,"url":"\/2.2-4002\/"},{"id":78729,"section_number":"2.2-4006","catch_line":"Exemptions from requirements of this article","order_by":null,"url":"\/2.2-4006\/"},{"id":74274,"section_number":"2.2-4007.01","catch_line":"Notice of intended regulatory action; public hearing","order_by":null,"url":"\/2.2-4007.01\/"},{"id":79050,"section_number":"2.2-4007.04","catch_line":"Economic impact analysis","order_by":null,"url":"\/2.2-4007.04\/"},{"id":72032,"section_number":"2.2-4009","catch_line":"Evidentiary hearings on regulations","order_by":null,"url":"\/2.2-4009\/"},{"id":66162,"section_number":"2.2-4011","catch_line":"Emergency regulations; publication; exceptions","order_by":null,"url":"\/2.2-4011\/"},{"id":62113,"section_number":"2.2-4012.1","catch_line":"Fast-track rulemaking process","order_by":null,"url":"\/2.2-4012.1\/"},{"id":68772,"section_number":"2.2-4013","catch_line":"Executive review of proposed and final regulations; changes with substantial impact","order_by":null,"url":"\/2.2-4013\/"},{"id":73052,"section_number":"2.2-4014","catch_line":"Legislative review of proposed and final regulations","order_by":null,"url":"\/2.2-4014\/"},{"id":70514,"section_number":"2.2-4015","catch_line":"Effective date of regulation; exception","order_by":null,"url":"\/2.2-4015\/"}],"permalink":{"id":176815,"object_type":"law","relational_id":70566,"identifier":"2.2-4012","token":"2.2\/II\/B\/40\/2\/2.2-4012","url":"\/2.2-4012\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/2.2-4012\/","token":"2.2\/II\/B\/40\/2\/2.2-4012","dublin_core":{"Title":"Purpose; adoption; effective date; filing; duties of Registrar of Regulations","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 2.2-4012","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A.<\/span> The purpose of the regulatory procedures shall be to provide a regulatory plan that is predictable, based on measurable and anticipated outcomes, and is inclined toward conflict resolution. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> Subject to the provisions of §§ 2.2-4013<\/a> and 2.2-4014<\/a>, all regulations<\/span>, including those that agencies, pursuant to § 2.2-4002<\/a>, 2.2-4006<\/a>, or 2.2-4011<\/a>, may elect to dispense with the public procedures provided by §§ 2.2-4007.01<\/a> and 2.2-4009<\/a>, may be formally and finally adopted by the signed order<\/span> of the agency<\/span> so stating. No regulation<\/span> except an emergency regulation<\/span> or a noncontroversial regulation<\/span> promulgated pursuant to § 2.2-4012.1<\/a> shall be effective until the expiration of the applicable period as provided in § 2.2-4015<\/a>. In the case<\/span> of an emergency regulation<\/span> filed in accordance with § 2.2-4011<\/a>, the regulation<\/span> shall become effective upon its adoption and filing with the Registrar<\/span> of Regulations<\/span>, unless a later date is specified. The originals of all regulations<\/span> shall remain in the custody<\/span> of the agency<\/span> as public records subject to judicial notice by all courts<\/span> and agencies. They, or facsimiles thereof, shall be made available for public inspection or copying. Full and true copies shall also be additionally filed, registered, published, or otherwise made publicly available as required by other laws<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

C.<\/span> Prior to the publication for hearing<\/span> of a proposed regulation<\/span>, copies of the regulation<\/span> and copies of the summary and statement as to the basis, purpose, substance, issues<\/span>, and the economic impact estimate of the regulation<\/span> submitted by the Department of Planning and Budget and the agency<\/span>’s response thereto as required by § 2.2-4007.04<\/a> shall be transmitted to the Registrar<\/span> of Regulations<\/span>, who shall retain these documents. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

D.<\/span> All regulations<\/span> adopted pursuant to this chapter shall contain a citation<\/span> to the section of the Code of Virginia that authorizes or requires the regulations<\/span> and, where the regulations<\/span> are required to conform to federal law<\/span> or regulation<\/span> in order<\/span> to be valid, a citation<\/span> to the specific federal law<\/span> or regulation<\/span> to which conformity is required. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

E.<\/span> Immediately upon the adoption by any agency<\/span> of any regulation<\/span> in final form, a copy of (i) the regulation<\/span>, (ii) a then current summary and statement as to the basis, purpose, substance, issues<\/span>, and the economic impact estimate of the regulation<\/span> submitted by the Department of Planning and Budget, and (iii) the agency<\/span>’s summary description of the nature of the oral and written data, views, or arguments presented during the public proceedings and the agency<\/span>’s comments thereon shall be transmitted to the Registrar<\/span> of Regulations<\/span>, who shall retain these documents as permanent records and make them available for public inspection. A draft of the agency<\/span>’s summary description of public comment shall be sent by the agency<\/span> to all public commenters on the proposed regulation<\/span> at least five days before final adoption of the regulation<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nPURPOSE; ADOPTION; EFFECTIVE DATE; FILING; DUTIES OF REGISTRAR OF REGULATIONS\n(\u00a7 2.2-4012)\n\nA. The purpose of the regulatory procedures shall be to provide a regulatory\nplan that is predictable, based on measurable and anticipated outcomes, and is\ninclined toward conflict resolution.\n\nB. Subject to the provisions of §§ 2.2-4013 and 2.2-4014, all\nregulations, including those that agencies, pursuant to § 2.2-4002,\n2.2-4006, or 2.2-4011, may elect to dispense with the public procedures provided\nby §§ 2.2-4007.01 and 2.2-4009, may be formally and finally adopted by\nthe signed order of the agency so stating. No regulation except an emergency\nregulation or a noncontroversial regulation promulgated pursuant to §\n2.2-4012.1 shall be effective until the expiration of the applicable period as\nprovided in § 2.2-4015. In the case of an emergency regulation filed in\naccordance with § 2.2-4011, the regulation shall become effective upon its\nadoption and filing with the Registrar of Regulations, unless a later date is\nspecified. The originals of all regulations shall remain in the custody of the\nagency as public records subject to judicial notice by all courts and agencies.\nThey, or facsimiles thereof, shall be made available for public inspection or\ncopying. Full and true copies shall also be additionally filed, registered,\npublished, or otherwise made publicly available as required by other laws.\n\nC. Prior to the publication for hearing of a proposed regulation, copies of the\nregulation and copies of the summary and statement as to the basis, purpose,\nsubstance, issues, and the economic impact estimate of the regulation submitted\nby the Department of Planning and Budget and the agency’s response thereto\nas required by § 2.2-4007.04 shall be transmitted to the Registrar of\nRegulations, who shall retain these documents.\n\nD. All regulations adopted pursuant to this chapter shall contain a citation to\nthe section of the Code of Virginia that authorizes or requires the regulations\nand, where the regulations are required to conform to federal law or regulation\nin order to be valid, a citation to the specific federal law or regulation to\nwhich conformity is required.\n\nE. Immediately upon the adoption by any agency of any regulation in final form,\na copy of (i) the regulation, (ii) a then current summary and statement as to\nthe basis, purpose, substance, issues, and the economic impact estimate of the\nregulation submitted by the Department of Planning and Budget, and (iii) the\nagency’s summary description of the nature of the oral and written data,\nviews, or arguments presented during the public proceedings and the\nagency’s comments thereon shall be transmitted to the Registrar of\nRegulations, who shall retain these documents as permanent records and make them\navailable for public inspection. A draft of the agency’s summary\ndescription of public comment shall be sent by the agency to all public\ncommenters on the proposed regulation at least five days before final adoption\nof the regulation.\n\nHISTORY: 1975, c. 503, \u00a7 9-6.14:9; 1977, cc. 450, 459; 1981, c. 387; 1982, c.\n425; 1983, c. 295; 1984, c. 5; 1989, c. 71; 1992, c. 829; 1993, c. 898; 1994, c.\n938; 2001, c. 844; 2003, c. 224; 2007, cc. 873, 916.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}