{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/2.2-4302.2.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/2.2-4302.2.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/2.2-4302.2.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/2.2-4302.2.html"}],"law_id":80758,"edition_id":1,"section_id":80758,"structure_id":15863,"section_number":"2.2-4302.2","catch_line":"Process for competitive negotiation","history":"2013, cc. 518, 540, 543, 583; 2014, cc. 217, 630; 2015, cc. 350, 570, 760, 776; 2016, cc. 174, 175, 295, 362, 754; 2019, c. 274; 2020, c. 1158; 2024, cc. 688, 705.","full_text":"A\n\nThe process for competitive negotiation shall include the following:1\n\nIssuance of a written Request for Proposal indicating in general terms that which is sought to be procured, specifying the factors that will be used in evaluating the proposal, indicating whether a numerical scoring system will be used in evaluation of the proposal, and containing or incorporating by reference the other applicable contractual terms and conditions, including any unique capabilities, specifications or qualifications that will be required. Except with regard to contracts for architectural, professional engineering, transportation construction, or transportation-related construction services, a public body may include as a factor that will be used in evaluating a proposal the proposer’s employment of persons with disabilities to perform the specifications of the contract. In the event that a numerical scoring system will be used in the evaluation of proposals, the point values assigned to each of the evaluation criteria shall be included in the Request for Proposal or posted at the location designated for public posting of procurement notices prior to the due date and time for receiving proposals. No Request for Proposal for construction authorized by this chapter shall condition a successful offeror’s eligibility on having a specified experience modification factor;2\n\nPublic notice of the Request for Proposal at least 10 days prior to the date set for receipt of proposals by posting on the Department of General Services’ central electronic procurement website or other appropriate websites. Public bodies may also publish in a newspaper of general circulation in the area in which the contract is to be performed so as to provide reasonable notice to the maximum number of offerors that can be reasonably anticipated to submit proposals in response to the particular request. Posting on the Department of General Services’ central electronic procurement website shall be required of (i) any state public body and (ii) any local public body if such local public body elects not to publish notice of the Request for Proposal in a newspaper of general circulation in the area in which the contract is to be performed. Local public bodies are encouraged to utilize the Department of General Services’ central electronic procurement website to provide the public with centralized visibility and access to the Commonwealth’s procurement opportunities. In addition, proposals may be solicited directly from potential contractors. Any additional solicitations shall include certified businesses selected from a list made available by the Department of Small Business and Supplier Diversity; and3\n\nFor goods, nonprofessional services, and insurance, selection shall be made of two or more offerors deemed to be fully qualified and best suited among those submitting proposals, on the basis of the factors involved in the Request for Proposal, including price if so stated in the Request for Proposal. Negotiations shall then be conducted with each of the offerors so selected. The offeror shall state any exception to any contractual terms or conditions, including any liability provisions contained in the Request for Proposal in writing at the time of responding to such Request for Proposal if so requested by the public body. Such exceptions shall be considered during negotiation but shall not be used as a basis for scoring or evaluating which offerors are selected for negotiations. Price shall be considered, but need not be the sole or primary determining factor. After negotiations have been conducted with each offeror so selected, the public body shall select the offeror which, in its opinion, has made the best proposal and provides the best value, and shall award the contract to that offeror. When the terms and conditions of multiple awards are so provided in the Request for Proposal, awards may be made to more than one offeror. Should the public body determine in writing and in its sole discretion that only one offeror is fully qualified, or that one offeror is clearly more highly qualified than the others under consideration, a contract may be negotiated and awarded to that offeror; or4\n\nFor professional services, the public body shall engage in individual discussions with two or more offerors deemed fully qualified, responsible and suitable on the basis of initial responses and with emphasis on professional competence, to provide the required services. Repetitive informal interviews shall be permissible. The offerors shall be encouraged to elaborate on their qualifications and performance data or staff expertise pertinent to the proposed project, as well as alternative concepts. In addition, offerors shall be informed of any ranking criteria that will be used by the public body in addition to the review of the professional competence of the offeror. The Request for Proposal shall not, however, request that offerors furnish estimates of man-hours or cost for services. At the discussion stage, the public body may discuss nonbinding estimates of total project costs, including, but not limited to, life-cycle costing, and where appropriate, nonbinding estimates of price for services. In accordance with § 2.2-4342, proprietary information from competing offerors shall not be disclosed to the public or to competitors. For architectural or engineering services, the public body shall not request or require offerors to list any exceptions to proposed contractual terms and conditions, unless such terms and conditions are required by statute, regulation, ordinance, or standards developed pursuant to § 2.2-1132, until after the qualified offerors are ranked for negotiations. At the conclusion of discussion, outlined in this subdivision, on the basis of evaluation factors published in the Request for Proposal and all information developed in the selection process to this point, the public body shall select in the order of preference two or more offerors whose professional qualifications and proposed services are deemed most meritorious.\n\t\t\t\tNegotiations shall then be conducted, beginning with the offeror ranked first. If a contract satisfactory and advantageous to the public body can be negotiated at a price considered fair and reasonable and pursuant to contractual terms and conditions acceptable to the public body, the award shall be made to that offeror. Otherwise, negotiations with the offeror ranked first shall be formally terminated and negotiations conducted with the offeror ranked second, and so on until such a contract can be negotiated at a fair and reasonable price.\n\t\t\t\tNotwithstanding the foregoing, if the terms and conditions for multiple awards are included in the Request for Proposal, a public body may award contracts to more than one offeror.\n\t\t\t\tShould the public body determine in writing and in its sole discretion that only one offeror is fully qualified or that one offeror is clearly more highly qualified and suitable than the others under consideration, a contract may be negotiated and awarded to that offeror.B\n\nMultiphase professional services contracts satisfactory and advantageous to the completion of large, phased, or long-term projects may be negotiated and awarded based on a fair and reasonable price for the first phase only, where the completion of the earlier phases is necessary to provide information critical to the negotiation of a fair and reasonable price for succeeding phases. Prior to entering into any such contract, the public body shall (i) state the anticipated intended total scope of the project and (ii) determine in writing that the nature of the work is such that the best interests of the public body require awarding the contract.\n\t\t\tFor the purposes of subdivision A 1, “experience modification factor” means a value assigned to an employer as determined by a rate service organization in accordance with its uniform experience rating plan required to be filed pursuant to subsection D of § 38.2-1913.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":289458,"text":"The process for competitive negotiation shall include the following:","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"A1"},"1":{"id":289459,"text":"Issuance of a written Request for Proposal indicating in general terms that which is sought to be procured, specifying the factors that will be used in evaluating the proposal, indicating whether a numerical scoring system will be used in evaluation of the proposal, and containing or incorporating by reference the other applicable contractual terms and conditions, including any unique capabilities, specifications or qualifications that will be required. Except with regard to contracts for architectural, professional engineering, transportation construction, or transportation-related construction services, a public body may include as a factor that will be used in evaluating a proposal the proposer’s employment of persons with disabilities to perform the specifications of the contract. In the event that a numerical scoring system will be used in the evaluation of proposals, the point values assigned to each of the evaluation criteria shall be included in the Request for Proposal or posted at the location designated for public posting of procurement notices prior to the due date and time for receiving proposals. No Request for Proposal for construction authorized by this chapter shall condition a successful offeror’s eligibility on having a specified experience modification factor;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"A1","prefix_anchor":"A1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"A2"},"2":{"id":289460,"text":"Public notice of the Request for Proposal at least 10 days prior to the date set for receipt of proposals by posting on the Department of General Services’ central electronic procurement website or other appropriate websites. Public bodies may also publish in a newspaper of general circulation in the area in which the contract is to be performed so as to provide reasonable notice to the maximum number of offerors that can be reasonably anticipated to submit proposals in response to the particular request. Posting on the Department of General Services’ central electronic procurement website shall be required of (i) any state public body and (ii) any local public body if such local public body elects not to publish notice of the Request for Proposal in a newspaper of general circulation in the area in which the contract is to be performed. Local public bodies are encouraged to utilize the Department of General Services’ central electronic procurement website to provide the public with centralized visibility and access to the Commonwealth’s procurement opportunities. In addition, proposals may be solicited directly from potential contractors. Any additional solicitations shall include certified businesses selected from a list made available by the Department of Small Business and Supplier Diversity; and","type":"section","prefixes":["A","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"A2","prefix_anchor":"A2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A1","next_prefix":"A3"},"3":{"id":289461,"text":"For goods, nonprofessional services, and insurance, selection shall be made of two or more offerors deemed to be fully qualified and best suited among those submitting proposals, on the basis of the factors involved in the Request for Proposal, including price if so stated in the Request for Proposal. Negotiations shall then be conducted with each of the offerors so selected. The offeror shall state any exception to any contractual terms or conditions, including any liability provisions contained in the Request for Proposal in writing at the time of responding to such Request for Proposal if so requested by the public body. Such exceptions shall be considered during negotiation but shall not be used as a basis for scoring or evaluating which offerors are selected for negotiations. Price shall be considered, but need not be the sole or primary determining factor. After negotiations have been conducted with each offeror so selected, the public body shall select the offeror which, in its opinion, has made the best proposal and provides the best value, and shall award the contract to that offeror. When the terms and conditions of multiple awards are so provided in the Request for Proposal, awards may be made to more than one offeror. Should the public body determine in writing and in its sole discretion that only one offeror is fully qualified, or that one offeror is clearly more highly qualified than the others under consideration, a contract may be negotiated and awarded to that offeror; or","type":"section","prefixes":["A","3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"A3","prefix_anchor":"A3","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A2","next_prefix":"A4"},"4":{"id":289462,"text":"For professional services, the public body shall engage in individual discussions with two or more offerors deemed fully qualified, responsible and suitable on the basis of initial responses and with emphasis on professional competence, to provide the required services. Repetitive informal interviews shall be permissible. The offerors shall be encouraged to elaborate on their qualifications and performance data or staff expertise pertinent to the proposed project, as well as alternative concepts. In addition, offerors shall be informed of any ranking criteria that will be used by the public body in addition to the review of the professional competence of the offeror. The Request for Proposal shall not, however, request that offerors furnish estimates of man-hours or cost for services. At the discussion stage, the public body may discuss nonbinding estimates of total project costs, including, but not limited to, life-cycle costing, and where appropriate, nonbinding estimates of price for services. In accordance with § 2.2-4342, proprietary information from competing offerors shall not be disclosed to the public or to competitors. For architectural or engineering services, the public body shall not request or require offerors to list any exceptions to proposed contractual terms and conditions, unless such terms and conditions are required by statute, regulation, ordinance, or standards developed pursuant to § 2.2-1132, until after the qualified offerors are ranked for negotiations. At the conclusion of discussion, outlined in this subdivision, on the basis of evaluation factors published in the Request for Proposal and all information developed in the selection process to this point, the public body shall select in the order of preference two or more offerors whose professional qualifications and proposed services are deemed most meritorious.\n\t\t\t\tNegotiations shall then be conducted, beginning with the offeror ranked first. If a contract satisfactory and advantageous to the public body can be negotiated at a price considered fair and reasonable and pursuant to contractual terms and conditions acceptable to the public body, the award shall be made to that offeror. Otherwise, negotiations with the offeror ranked first shall be formally terminated and negotiations conducted with the offeror ranked second, and so on until such a contract can be negotiated at a fair and reasonable price.\n\t\t\t\tNotwithstanding the foregoing, if the terms and conditions for multiple awards are included in the Request for Proposal, a public body may award contracts to more than one offeror.\n\t\t\t\tShould the public body determine in writing and in its sole discretion that only one offeror is fully qualified or that one offeror is clearly more highly qualified and suitable than the others under consideration, a contract may be negotiated and awarded to that offeror.","type":"section","prefixes":["A","4"],"prefix":"4","entire_prefix":"A4","prefix_anchor":"A4","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A3","next_prefix":"B"},"5":{"id":289463,"text":"Multiphase professional services contracts satisfactory and advantageous to the completion of large, phased, or long-term projects may be negotiated and awarded based on a fair and reasonable price for the first phase only, where the completion of the earlier phases is necessary to provide information critical to the negotiation of a fair and reasonable price for succeeding phases. Prior to entering into any such contract, the public body shall (i) state the anticipated intended total scope of the project and (ii) determine in writing that the nature of the work is such that the best interests of the public body require awarding the contract.\n\t\t\tFor the purposes of subdivision A 1, “experience modification factor” means a value assigned to an employer as determined by a rate service organization in accordance with its uniform experience rating plan required to be filed pursuant to subsection D of § 38.2-1913.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A4"}},"ancestry":[{"id":15863,"edition_id":1,"name":"General Provisions","identifier":"1","label":"article","depth":5,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12752,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 04:00:48","date_modified":"2026-06-26 04:00:48","permalink":{"id":176991,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":15863,"identifier":"1","token":"2.2\/II\/B\/43\/1","url":"\/2.2\/II\/B\/43\/1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12752,"edition_id":1,"name":"Virginia Public Procurement Act","identifier":"43","label":"chapter","depth":4,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12751,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","permalink":{"id":176989,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12752,"identifier":"43","token":"2.2\/II\/B\/43","url":"\/2.2\/II\/B\/43\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12751,"edition_id":1,"name":"Transaction of Public Business","identifier":"B","label":"part","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12750,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","permalink":{"id":176445,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12751,"identifier":"B","token":"2.2\/II\/B","url":"\/2.2\/II\/B\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12750,"edition_id":1,"name":"Administration of State Government","identifier":"II","label":"subtitle","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12749,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","permalink":{"id":176253,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12750,"identifier":"II","token":"2.2\/II","url":"\/2.2\/II\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12749,"edition_id":1,"name":"Administration of Government","identifier":"2.2","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","permalink":{"id":171453,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12749,"identifier":"2.2","token":"2.2","url":"\/2.2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":70034,"structure_id":15863,"section_number":"2.2-4300","catch_line":"Short title; purpose; declaration of intent","url":"\/2.2-4300\/","token":"2.2\/II\/B\/43\/1\/2.2-4300","metadata":false},{"id":83635,"structure_id":15863,"section_number":"2.2-4301","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/2.2-4301\/","token":"2.2\/II\/B\/43\/1\/2.2-4301","metadata":false},{"id":71269,"structure_id":15863,"section_number":"2.2-4302","catch_line":"Implementation","url":"\/2.2-4302\/","token":"2.2\/II\/B\/43\/1\/2.2-4302","metadata":false},{"id":61316,"structure_id":15863,"section_number":"2.2-4302.1","catch_line":"Process for competitive sealed bidding","url":"\/2.2-4302.1\/","token":"2.2\/II\/B\/43\/1\/2.2-4302.1","metadata":false},{"id":80758,"structure_id":15863,"section_number":"2.2-4302.2","catch_line":"Process for competitive negotiation","url":"\/2.2-4302.2\/","token":"2.2\/II\/B\/43\/1\/2.2-4302.2","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":61316,"structure_id":15863,"section_number":"2.2-4302.1","catch_line":"Process for competitive sealed bidding","url":"\/2.2-4302.1\/","token":"2.2\/II\/B\/43\/1\/2.2-4302.1","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/2.2-4302.2\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 2013. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapters 518<\/a>, 540<\/a>, 543<\/a>, and 583<\/a> of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. It has been modified 6 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 2014, chapters 217<\/a> and 630<\/a>; in 2015, chapters 350<\/a>, 570<\/a>, 760<\/a>, and 776<\/a>; in 2016, chapters 174<\/a>, 175<\/a>, 295<\/a>, 362<\/a>, and 754<\/a>; in 2019, chapter 274<\/a>; in 2020, chapter 1158<\/a>; in 2024, chapters 688<\/a> and 705<\/a>.<\/p>","references":[{"id":74110,"section_number":"2.2-2012","catch_line":"Additional powers and duties related to the procurement of information technology","order_by":null,"url":"\/2.2-2012\/"},{"id":65043,"section_number":"2.2-2244","catch_line":"Exemption of Authority from personnel and procurement procedures; adoption of procurement policies","order_by":null,"url":"\/2.2-2244\/"},{"id":87305,"section_number":"2.2-2325","catch_line":"Exemptions from personnel and procurement procedures; adoption of procurement policies","order_by":null,"url":"\/2.2-2325\/"},{"id":69413,"section_number":"2.2-2364","catch_line":"Exemption of Authority from personnel and procurement procedures; adoption of procurement policies","order_by":null,"url":"\/2.2-2364\/"},{"id":67390,"section_number":"2.2-3106","catch_line":"Prohibited contracts by officers and employees of state government","order_by":null,"url":"\/2.2-3106\/"},{"id":85558,"section_number":"2.2-3109","catch_line":"Prohibited contracts by other officers and employees of local governmental agencies","order_by":null,"url":"\/2.2-3109\/"},{"id":83635,"section_number":"2.2-4301","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/2.2-4301\/"},{"id":60713,"section_number":"2.2-4303","catch_line":"Methods of procurement","order_by":null,"url":"\/2.2-4303\/"},{"id":54190,"section_number":"2.2-4343","catch_line":"Exemption from operation of chapter for certain transactions","order_by":null,"url":"\/2.2-4343\/"},{"id":74516,"section_number":"23.1-1017","catch_line":"Covered institutions; operational authority; procurement","order_by":null,"url":"\/23.1-1017\/"},{"id":62366,"section_number":"23.1-3138","catch_line":"Procurement and information technology","order_by":null,"url":"\/23.1-3138\/"},{"id":54992,"section_number":"30-105","catch_line":"Prohibited contracts by legislators","order_by":null,"url":"\/30-105\/"},{"id":84012,"section_number":"33.2-1809","catch_line":"Interim agreement","order_by":null,"url":"\/33.2-1809\/"},{"id":72301,"section_number":"33.2-1819","catch_line":"Procurement","order_by":null,"url":"\/33.2-1819\/"},{"id":77868,"section_number":"33.2-299.1","catch_line":"Exemption of Authority from personnel and procurement procedures","order_by":null,"url":"\/33.2-299.1\/"},{"id":79157,"section_number":"45.2-1703","catch_line":"Energy performance-based contract procedures; required contract provisions","order_by":null,"url":"\/45.2-1703\/"},{"id":63083,"section_number":"56-575.16","catch_line":"Procurement","order_by":null,"url":"\/56-575.16\/"}],"refers_to":[{"id":74281,"section_number":"2.2-1132","catch_line":"Administration of capital outlay construction; exception for certain educational institutions","order_by":null,"url":"\/2.2-1132\/"},{"id":71233,"section_number":"2.2-4342","catch_line":"Public inspection of certain records","order_by":null,"url":"\/2.2-4342\/"},{"id":73514,"section_number":"38.2-1913","catch_line":"Operation and control of rate service organizations","order_by":null,"url":"\/38.2-1913\/"}],"permalink":{"id":177009,"object_type":"law","relational_id":80758,"identifier":"2.2-4302.2","token":"2.2\/II\/B\/43\/1\/2.2-4302.2","url":"\/2.2-4302.2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/2.2-4302.2\/","token":"2.2\/II\/B\/43\/1\/2.2-4302.2","dublin_core":{"Title":"Process for competitive negotiation","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 2.2-4302.2","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A.<\/span> The process for competitive negotiation shall include the following: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> Issuance of a written Request for Proposal indicating in general terms that which is sought to be procured, specifying the factors that will be used in evaluating the proposal, indicating whether a numerical scoring system will be used in evaluation of the proposal, and containing or incorporating by reference the other applicable contractual terms and conditions, including any unique capabilities, specifications or qualifications that will be required. Except with regard to contracts<\/span> for architectural, professional engineering, transportation construction<\/span>, or transportation-related construction<\/span> services<\/span>, a public body<\/span> may include as a factor that will be used in evaluating a proposal the proposer’s employment of persons with disabilities to perform the specifications of the contract<\/span>. In the event that a numerical scoring system will be used in the evaluation of proposals, the point values assigned to each of the evaluation criteria shall be included in the Request for Proposal or posted at the location designated for public posting of procurement notices prior to the due date and time for receiving proposals. No Request for Proposal for construction<\/span> authorized by this chapter shall condition a successful offeror<\/span>’s eligibility on having a specified experience modification factor<\/span>; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> Public notice of the Request for Proposal at least 10 days prior to the date set for receipt of proposals by posting on the Department of General Services<\/span>’ central electronic procurement website or other appropriate websites. Public bodies may also publish in a newspaper of general circulation in the area in which the contract<\/span> is to be performed so as to provide reasonable notice to the maximum number of offerors<\/span> that can be reasonably anticipated to submit proposals in response to the particular request. Posting on the Department of General Services<\/span>’ central electronic procurement website shall be required of (i) any state public body<\/span> and (ii) any local public body<\/span> if such local public body<\/span> elects not to publish notice of the Request for Proposal in a newspaper of general circulation in the area in which the contract<\/span> is to be performed. Local public bodies are encouraged to utilize the Department of General Services<\/span>’ central electronic procurement website to provide the public with centralized visibility and access to the Commonwealth’s procurement opportunities. In addition, proposals may be solicited directly from potential contractors. Any additional solicitations shall include certified businesses selected from a list made available by the Department of Small Business<\/span> and Supplier Diversity; and <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

3.<\/span> For goods<\/span>, nonprofessional services<\/span>, and insurance, selection shall be made of two or more offerors<\/span> deemed to be fully qualified and best suited among those submitting proposals, on the basis of the factors involved in the Request for Proposal, including price if so stated in the Request for Proposal. Negotiations shall then be conducted with each of the offerors<\/span> so selected. The offeror<\/span> shall state any exception to any contractual terms or conditions, including any liability provisions contained in the Request for Proposal in writing at the time of responding to such Request for Proposal if so requested by the public body<\/span>. Such exceptions shall be considered during negotiation but shall not be used as a basis for scoring or evaluating which offerors<\/span> are selected for negotiations. Price shall be considered, but need not be the sole or primary determining factor. After negotiations have been conducted with each offeror<\/span> so selected, the public body<\/span> shall select the offeror<\/span> which, in its opinion<\/span>, has made the best proposal and provides the best value, and shall award the contract<\/span> to that offeror<\/span>. When the terms and conditions of multiple awards are so provided in the Request for Proposal, awards may be made to more than one offeror<\/span>. Should the public body<\/span> determine in writing and in its sole discretion that only one offeror<\/span> is fully qualified, or that one offeror<\/span> is clearly more highly qualified than the others under consideration, a contract<\/span> may be negotiated and awarded to that offeror<\/span>; or <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

4.<\/span> For professional services<\/span>, the public body<\/span> shall engage in individual discussions with two or more offerors<\/span> deemed fully qualified, responsible and suitable on the basis of initial responses and with emphasis on professional competence, to provide the required services. Repetitive informal interviews shall be permissible. The offerors<\/span> shall be encouraged to elaborate on their qualifications and performance data or staff expertise pertinent to the proposed project, as well as alternative concepts. In addition, offerors<\/span> shall be informed of any ranking criteria that will be used by the public body<\/span> in addition to the review of the professional competence of the offeror<\/span>. The Request for Proposal shall not, however, request that offerors<\/span> furnish estimates of man-hours or cost for services. At the discussion stage, the public body<\/span> may discuss nonbinding estimates of total project costs, including, but not limited to, life-cycle costing, and where appropriate, nonbinding estimates of price for services. In accordance with § 2.2-4342<\/a>, proprietary information from competing offerors<\/span> shall not be disclosed to the public or to competitors. For architectural or engineering services, the public body<\/span> shall not request or require offerors<\/span> to list any exceptions to proposed contractual terms and conditions, unless such terms and conditions are required by statute<\/span>, regulation, ordinance<\/span>, or standards developed pursuant to § 2.2-1132<\/a>, until after the qualified offerors<\/span> are ranked for negotiations. At the conclusion of discussion, outlined in this subdivision, on the basis of evaluation factors published in the Request for Proposal and all information developed in the selection process to this point, the public body<\/span> shall select in the order<\/span> of preference two or more offerors<\/span> whose professional qualifications and proposed services are deemed most meritorious.\n\t\t\t\tNegotiations shall then be conducted, beginning with the offeror<\/span> ranked first. If a contract<\/span> satisfactory and advantageous to the public body<\/span> can be negotiated at a price considered fair and reasonable and pursuant to contractual terms and conditions acceptable to the public body<\/span>, the award shall be made to that offeror<\/span>. Otherwise, negotiations with the offeror<\/span> ranked first shall be formally terminated and negotiations conducted with the offeror<\/span> ranked second, and so on until such a contract<\/span> can be negotiated at a fair and reasonable price.\n\t\t\t\tNotwithstanding the foregoing, if the terms and conditions for multiple awards are included in the Request for Proposal, a public body<\/span> may award contracts<\/span> to more than one offeror<\/span>.\n\t\t\t\tShould the public body<\/span> determine in writing and in its sole discretion that only one offeror<\/span> is fully qualified or that one offeror<\/span> is clearly more highly qualified and suitable than the others under consideration, a contract<\/span> may be negotiated and awarded to that offeror<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> Multiphase professional services contracts<\/span> satisfactory and advantageous to the completion of large, phased, or long-term projects may be negotiated and awarded based on a fair and reasonable price for the first phase only, where the completion of the earlier phases is necessary to provide information critical to the negotiation of a fair and reasonable price for succeeding phases. Prior to entering into any such contract<\/span>, the public body<\/span> shall (i) state the anticipated intended total scope of the project and (ii) determine in writing that the nature of the work is such that the best interests of the public body<\/span> require awarding the contract<\/span>.\n\t\t\tFor the purposes of subdivision A 1, “experience modification factor<\/span>” means a value assigned to an employer as determined by a rate service organization in accordance with its uniform experience rating plan required to be filed pursuant to subsection D of § 38.2-1913<\/a>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nPROCESS FOR COMPETITIVE NEGOTIATION (\u00a7 2.2-4302.2)\n\nA. The process for competitive negotiation shall include the following:\n\n 1. Issuance of a written Request for Proposal indicating in general terms that\n which is sought to be procured, specifying the factors that will be used in\n evaluating the proposal, indicating whether a numerical scoring system will be\n used in evaluation of the proposal, and containing or incorporating by\n reference the other applicable contractual terms and conditions, including any\n unique capabilities, specifications or qualifications that will be required.\n Except with regard to contracts for architectural, professional engineering,\n transportation construction, or transportation-related construction services,\n a public body may include as a factor that will be used in evaluating a\n proposal the proposer’s employment of persons with disabilities to\n perform the specifications of the contract. In the event that a numerical\n scoring system will be used in the evaluation of proposals, the point values\n assigned to each of the evaluation criteria shall be included in the Request\n for Proposal or posted at the location designated for public posting of\n procurement notices prior to the due date and time for receiving proposals. No\n Request for Proposal for construction authorized by this chapter shall\n condition a successful offeror’s eligibility on having a specified\n experience modification factor;\n\n 2. Public notice of the Request for Proposal at least 10 days prior to the\n date set for receipt of proposals by posting on the Department of General\n Services’ central electronic procurement website or other appropriate\n websites. Public bodies may also publish in a newspaper of general circulation\n in the area in which the contract is to be performed so as to provide\n reasonable notice to the maximum number of offerors that can be reasonably\n anticipated to submit proposals in response to the particular request. Posting\n on the Department of General Services’ central electronic procurement\n website shall be required of (i) any state public body and (ii) any local\n public body if such local public body elects not to publish notice of the\n Request for Proposal in a newspaper of general circulation in the area in\n which the contract is to be performed. Local public bodies are encouraged to\n utilize the Department of General Services’ central electronic\n procurement website to provide the public with centralized visibility and\n access to the Commonwealth’s procurement opportunities. In addition,\n proposals may be solicited directly from potential contractors. Any additional\n solicitations shall include certified businesses selected from a list made\n available by the Department of Small Business and Supplier Diversity; and\n\n 3. For goods, nonprofessional services, and insurance, selection shall be made\n of two or more offerors deemed to be fully qualified and best suited among\n those submitting proposals, on the basis of the factors involved in the\n Request for Proposal, including price if so stated in the Request for\n Proposal. Negotiations shall then be conducted with each of the offerors so\n selected. The offeror shall state any exception to any contractual terms or\n conditions, including any liability provisions contained in the Request for\n Proposal in writing at the time of responding to such Request for Proposal if\n so requested by the public body. Such exceptions shall be considered during\n negotiation but shall not be used as a basis for scoring or evaluating which\n offerors are selected for negotiations. Price shall be considered, but need\n not be the sole or primary determining factor. After negotiations have been\n conducted with each offeror so selected, the public body shall select the\n offeror which, in its opinion, has made the best proposal and provides the\n best value, and shall award the contract to that offeror. When the terms and\n conditions of multiple awards are so provided in the Request for Proposal,\n awards may be made to more than one offeror. Should the public body determine\n in writing and in its sole discretion that only one offeror is fully\n qualified, or that one offeror is clearly more highly qualified than the\n others under consideration, a contract may be negotiated and awarded to that\n offeror; or\n\n 4. For professional services, the public body shall engage in individual\n discussions with two or more offerors deemed fully qualified, responsible and\n suitable on the basis of initial responses and with emphasis on professional\n competence, to provide the required services. Repetitive informal interviews\n shall be permissible. The offerors shall be encouraged to elaborate on their\n qualifications and performance data or staff expertise pertinent to the\n proposed project, as well as alternative concepts. In addition, offerors shall\n be informed of any ranking criteria that will be used by the public body in\n addition to the review of the professional competence of the offeror. The\n Request for Proposal shall not, however, request that offerors furnish\n estimates of man-hours or cost for services. At the discussion stage, the\n public body may discuss nonbinding estimates of total project costs,\n including, but not limited to, life-cycle costing, and where appropriate,\n nonbinding estimates of price for services. In accordance with §\n 2.2-4342, proprietary information from competing offerors shall not be\n disclosed to the public or to competitors. For architectural or engineering\n services, the public body shall not request or require offerors to list any\n exceptions to proposed contractual terms and conditions, unless such terms and\n conditions are required by statute, regulation, ordinance, or standards\n developed pursuant to § 2.2-1132, until after the qualified offerors are\n ranked for negotiations. At the conclusion of discussion, outlined in this\n subdivision, on the basis of evaluation factors published in the Request for\n Proposal and all information developed in the selection process to this point,\n the public body shall select in the order of preference two or more offerors\n whose professional qualifications and proposed services are deemed most\n meritorious.\n \t\t\t\tNegotiations shall then be conducted, beginning with the offeror ranked\n first. If a contract satisfactory and advantageous to the public body can be\n negotiated at a price considered fair and reasonable and pursuant to\n contractual terms and conditions acceptable to the public body, the award\n shall be made to that offeror. Otherwise, negotiations with the offeror ranked\n first shall be formally terminated and negotiations conducted with the offeror\n ranked second, and so on until such a contract can be negotiated at a fair and\n reasonable price.\n \t\t\t\tNotwithstanding the foregoing, if the terms and conditions for multiple\n awards are included in the Request for Proposal, a public body may award\n contracts to more than one offeror.\n \t\t\t\tShould the public body determine in writing and in its sole discretion\n that only one offeror is fully qualified or that one offeror is clearly more\n highly qualified and suitable than the others under consideration, a contract\n may be negotiated and awarded to that offeror.\n\nB. Multiphase professional services contracts satisfactory and advantageous to\nthe completion of large, phased, or long-term projects may be negotiated and\nawarded based on a fair and reasonable price for the first phase only, where the\ncompletion of the earlier phases is necessary to provide information critical to\nthe negotiation of a fair and reasonable price for succeeding phases. Prior to\nentering into any such contract, the public body shall (i) state the anticipated\nintended total scope of the project and (ii) determine in writing that the\nnature of the work is such that the best interests of the public body require\nawarding the contract.\n\t\t\tFor the purposes of subdivision A 1, “experience modification\nfactor” means a value assigned to an employer as determined by a rate\nservice organization in accordance with its uniform experience rating plan\nrequired to be filed pursuant to subsection D of § 38.2-1913.\n\nHISTORY: 2013, cc. 518, 540, 543, 583; 2014, cc. 217, 630; 2015, cc. 350, 570,\n760, 776; 2016, cc. 174, 175, 295, 362, 754; 2019, c. 274; 2020, c. 1158; 2024,\ncc. 688, 705.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}