{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/2.2-511.1.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/2.2-511.1.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/2.2-511.1.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/2.2-511.1.html"}],"law_id":54665,"edition_id":1,"section_id":54665,"structure_id":13688,"section_number":"2.2-511.1","catch_line":"Public integrity; law-enforcement misconduct","history":"2020, Sp. Sess. I, cc. 18, 19.","full_text":"A\n\nAs used in this section:\n\t\t\t&#8220;Law-enforcement officer&#8221; means the same as that term is defined in &#xA7; 9.1-101.\n\t\t\t&#8220;Locality&#8221; shall be construed to mean a county, city, or town as the context may require.B\n\nIt is unlawful for the Commonwealth or any locality, or any agent thereof, or any person acting on behalf of the Commonwealth or any locality, to engage in a pattern or practice of conduct by law-enforcement officers of any agency of the Commonwealth or any locality that deprives persons of rights, privileges, or immunities secured or protected by the laws of the United States and the Commonwealth.C\n\nWhenever the Attorney General has reasonable cause to believe that a violation of subsection B has occurred, the Attorney General, for or in the name of the Commonwealth, may (i) file a civil action to obtain appropriate equitable and declaratory relief to eliminate the pattern or practice or (ii) inquire into or seek to conciliate any unlawful pattern and practice pursuant to &#xA7; 2.2-520. The Attorney General may file a civil action to obtain appropriate relief to enforce a conciliation agreement arising out of such inquiry or conciliation. The Attorney General may include, as part of a conciliation agreement, a provision that the locality shall be ineligible for funding under Article 8 (&#xA7; 9.1-165 et seq.) of Chapter 1 of Title 9.1 upon a finding by any court of the Commonwealth that such locality is failing to comply with the conciliation agreement. Upon such a finding, the court shall declare the locality ineligible for funding until the locality comes into compliance with the conciliation agreement.D\n\nWhenever the Attorney General has reasonable cause to believe that a violation of subsection B has occurred, the Attorney General is empowered to issue a civil investigative demand. The provisions of &#xA7; 59.1-9.10 shall apply mutatis mutandis to civil investigative demands issued pursuant to this section.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":200703,"text":"As used in this section:\n\t\t\t&#8220;Law-enforcement officer&#8221; means the same as that term is defined in &#xA7; 9.1-101.\n\t\t\t&#8220;Locality&#8221; shall be construed to mean a county, city, or town as the context may require.","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"B"},"1":{"id":200704,"text":"It is unlawful for the Commonwealth or any locality, or any agent thereof, or any person acting on behalf of the Commonwealth or any locality, to engage in a pattern or practice of conduct by law-enforcement officers of any agency of the Commonwealth or any locality that deprives persons of rights, privileges, or immunities secured or protected by the laws of the United States and the Commonwealth.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"C"},"2":{"id":200705,"text":"Whenever the Attorney General has reasonable cause to believe that a violation of subsection B has occurred, the Attorney General, for or in the name of the Commonwealth, may (i) file a civil action to obtain appropriate equitable and declaratory relief to eliminate the pattern or practice or (ii) inquire into or seek to conciliate any unlawful pattern and practice pursuant to &#xA7; 2.2-520. The Attorney General may file a civil action to obtain appropriate relief to enforce a conciliation agreement arising out of such inquiry or conciliation. The Attorney General may include, as part of a conciliation agreement, a provision that the locality shall be ineligible for funding under Article 8 (&#xA7; 9.1-165 et seq.) of Chapter 1 of Title 9.1 upon a finding by any court of the Commonwealth that such locality is failing to comply with the conciliation agreement. Upon such a finding, the court shall declare the locality ineligible for funding until the locality comes into compliance with the conciliation agreement.","type":"section","prefixes":["C"],"prefix":"C","entire_prefix":"C","prefix_anchor":"C","level":1,"prior_prefix":"B","next_prefix":"D"},"3":{"id":200706,"text":"Whenever the Attorney General has reasonable cause to believe that a violation of subsection B has occurred, the Attorney General is empowered to issue a civil investigative demand. The provisions of &#xA7; 59.1-9.10 shall apply mutatis mutandis to civil investigative demands issued pursuant to this section.","type":"section","prefixes":["D"],"prefix":"D","entire_prefix":"D","prefix_anchor":"D","level":1,"prior_prefix":"C"}},"ancestry":[{"id":13688,"edition_id":1,"name":"General Provisions","identifier":"1","label":"article","depth":5,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13687,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:45:33","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:45:33","permalink":{"id":172305,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13688,"identifier":"1","token":"2.2\/I\/B\/5\/1","url":"\/2.2\/I\/B\/5\/1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13687,"edition_id":1,"name":"Department of Law","identifier":"5","label":"chapter","depth":4,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13686,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:45:33","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:45:33","permalink":{"id":172303,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13687,"identifier":"5","token":"2.2\/I\/B\/5","url":"\/2.2\/I\/B\/5\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13686,"edition_id":1,"name":"Department of Law","identifier":"B","label":"part","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12784,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:45:33","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:45:33","permalink":{"id":172301,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13686,"identifier":"B","token":"2.2\/I\/B","url":"\/2.2\/I\/B\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12784,"edition_id":1,"name":"Organization of State Government","identifier":"I","label":"subtitle","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12749,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:53","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:53","permalink":{"id":171455,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12784,"identifier":"I","token":"2.2\/I","url":"\/2.2\/I\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12749,"edition_id":1,"name":"Administration of Government","identifier":"2.2","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","permalink":{"id":171453,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12749,"identifier":"2.2","token":"2.2","url":"\/2.2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":78581,"structure_id":13688,"section_number":"2.2-500","catch_line":"Attorney General to be chief executive officer; duties generally","url":"\/2.2-500\/","token":"2.2\/I\/B\/5\/1\/2.2-500","metadata":false},{"id":63667,"structure_id":13688,"section_number":"2.2-501","catch_line":"Assistant and deputy Attorneys General","url":"\/2.2-501\/","token":"2.2\/I\/B\/5\/1\/2.2-501","metadata":false},{"id":69927,"structure_id":13688,"section_number":"2.2-502","catch_line":"Support staff","url":"\/2.2-502\/","token":"2.2\/I\/B\/5\/1\/2.2-502","metadata":false},{"id":65967,"structure_id":13688,"section_number":"2.2-503","catch_line":"Office space","url":"\/2.2-503\/","token":"2.2\/I\/B\/5\/1\/2.2-503","metadata":false},{"id":61651,"structure_id":13688,"section_number":"2.2-504","catch_line":"Contingent and traveling expenses","url":"\/2.2-504\/","token":"2.2\/I\/B\/5\/1\/2.2-504","metadata":false},{"id":80761,"structure_id":13688,"section_number":"2.2-505","catch_line":"Official opinions of Attorney General","url":"\/2.2-505\/","token":"2.2\/I\/B\/5\/1\/2.2-505","metadata":false},{"id":60958,"structure_id":13688,"section_number":"2.2-506","catch_line":"Legal services to attorneys for the Commonwealth in certain proceedings; 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report","url":"\/2.2-511.2\/","token":"2.2\/I\/B\/5\/1\/2.2-511.2","metadata":false},{"id":80182,"structure_id":13688,"section_number":"2.2-512","catch_line":"Employment of special counsel to prosecute persons illegally practicing law","url":"\/2.2-512\/","token":"2.2\/I\/B\/5\/1\/2.2-512","metadata":false},{"id":72479,"structure_id":13688,"section_number":"2.2-513","catch_line":"Counsel for Commonwealth in federal matters","url":"\/2.2-513\/","token":"2.2\/I\/B\/5\/1\/2.2-513","metadata":false},{"id":82895,"structure_id":13688,"section_number":"2.2-514","catch_line":"Compromise and settlement of disputes","url":"\/2.2-514\/","token":"2.2\/I\/B\/5\/1\/2.2-514","metadata":false},{"id":61890,"structure_id":13688,"section_number":"2.2-515","catch_line":"Service on board of national tobacco trust entity","url":"\/2.2-515\/","token":"2.2\/I\/B\/5\/1\/2.2-515","metadata":false},{"id":57789,"structure_id":13688,"section_number":"2.2-515.1","catch_line":"Statewide Facilitator for Victims of Domestic Violence","url":"\/2.2-515.1\/","token":"2.2\/I\/B\/5\/1\/2.2-515.1","metadata":false},{"id":63732,"structure_id":13688,"section_number":"2.2-515.2","catch_line":"Address confidentiality program established; victims of domestic violence, stalking, child abduction, sexual violence, or human trafficking; application; disclosure of records","url":"\/2.2-515.2\/","token":"2.2\/I\/B\/5\/1\/2.2-515.2","metadata":false},{"id":81041,"structure_id":13688,"section_number":"2.2-516","catch_line":"Annual report","url":"\/2.2-516\/","token":"2.2\/I\/B\/5\/1\/2.2-516","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":77776,"structure_id":13688,"section_number":"2.2-511","catch_line":"Criminal cases","url":"\/2.2-511\/","token":"2.2\/I\/B\/5\/1\/2.2-511","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":70939,"structure_id":13688,"section_number":"2.2-511.2","catch_line":"Organized Retail Crime Fund; report","url":"\/2.2-511.2\/","token":"2.2\/I\/B\/5\/1\/2.2-511.2","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/2.2-511.1\/","history_text":false,"references":[{"id":83736,"section_number":"2.2-520","catch_line":"Office of Civil Rights created; duties","order_by":null,"url":"\/2.2-520\/"}],"refers_to":[{"id":83736,"section_number":"2.2-520","catch_line":"Office of Civil Rights created; duties","order_by":null,"url":"\/2.2-520\/"},{"id":84942,"section_number":"59.1-9.10","catch_line":"Investigation by Attorney General of suspected violations; civil investigative demand to witnesses; access to business records, etc","order_by":null,"url":"\/59.1-9.10\/"},{"id":73488,"section_number":"9.1-101","catch_line":"(Effective July 1, 2026) Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/9.1-101\/"},{"id":57595,"section_number":"9.1-165","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/9.1-165\/"}],"permalink":{"id":172379,"object_type":"law","relational_id":54665,"identifier":"2.2-511.1","token":"2.2\/I\/B\/5\/1\/2.2-511.1","url":"\/2.2-511.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/2.2-511.1\/","token":"2.2\/I\/B\/5\/1\/2.2-511.1","dublin_core":{"Title":"Public integrity; law-enforcement misconduct","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 2.2-511.1","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"A\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">A.<\/span> As used in this section:\n\t\t\t&#8220;<span class=\"dictionary\"><span class=\"dictionary\">Law<\/span>-enforcement officer<\/span>&#8221; means the same as that term is defined in &#xA7; <a class=\"law\" title=\"(Effective July 1, 2026) Definitions\" href=\"\/9.1-101\/\">9.1-101<\/a>.\n\t\t\t&#8220;<span class=\"dictionary\">Locality<\/span>&#8221; shall be construed to mean a county, city, or town as the context may require. <a id=\"paragraph-200703\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/2.2-511.1\/#A\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"B\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">B.<\/span> It is unlawful for the Commonwealth or any <span class=\"dictionary\">locality<\/span>, or any agent thereof, or any person acting on behalf of the Commonwealth or any <span class=\"dictionary\">locality<\/span>, to engage in a pattern or practice of conduct by <span class=\"dictionary\"><span class=\"dictionary\">law<\/span>-enforcement officers<\/span> of any agency of the Commonwealth or any <span class=\"dictionary\">locality<\/span> that deprives persons of rights, <span class=\"dictionary\">privileges<\/span>, or immunities secured or protected by the <span class=\"dictionary\">laws<\/span> of the United States and the Commonwealth. <a id=\"paragraph-200704\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/2.2-511.1\/#B\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"C\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">C.<\/span> Whenever the <span class=\"dictionary\">Attorney General<\/span> has reasonable cause to believe that a violation of subsection B has occurred, the <span class=\"dictionary\">Attorney General<\/span>, for or in the name of the Commonwealth, may (i) file a <span class=\"dictionary\">civil action<\/span> to obtain appropriate <span class=\"dictionary\">equitable<\/span> and declaratory relief to eliminate the pattern or practice or (ii) inquire into or seek to conciliate any unlawful pattern and practice pursuant to &#xA7; <a class=\"law\" title=\"Office of Civil Rights created; duties\" href=\"\/2.2-520\/\">2.2-520<\/a>. The <span class=\"dictionary\">Attorney General<\/span> may file a <span class=\"dictionary\">civil action<\/span> to obtain appropriate relief to enforce a conciliation agreement arising out of such inquiry or conciliation. The <span class=\"dictionary\">Attorney General<\/span> may include, as part of a conciliation agreement, a provision that the <span class=\"dictionary\">locality<\/span> shall be ineligible for funding under Article 8 (&#xA7; <a class=\"law\" title=\"Definitions\" href=\"\/9.1-165\/\">9.1-165<\/a> et seq.) of Chapter 1 of Title 9.1 upon a <span class=\"dictionary\">finding<\/span> by any <span class=\"dictionary\">court<\/span> of the Commonwealth that such <span class=\"dictionary\">locality<\/span> is failing to comply with the conciliation agreement. Upon such a <span class=\"dictionary\">finding<\/span>, the <span class=\"dictionary\">court<\/span> shall declare the <span class=\"dictionary\">locality<\/span> ineligible for funding until the <span class=\"dictionary\">locality<\/span> comes into compliance with the conciliation agreement. <a id=\"paragraph-200705\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/2.2-511.1\/#C\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"D\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">D.<\/span> Whenever the <span class=\"dictionary\">Attorney General<\/span> has reasonable cause to believe that a violation of subsection B has occurred, the <span class=\"dictionary\">Attorney General<\/span> is empowered to <span class=\"dictionary\">issue<\/span> a civil investigative demand. The provisions of &#xA7; <a class=\"law\" title=\"Investigation by Attorney General of suspected violations; civil investigative demand to witnesses; access to business records, etc\" href=\"\/59.1-9.10\/\">59.1-9.10<\/a> shall apply <span class=\"dictionary\">mutatis mutandis<\/span> to civil investigative demands issued pursuant to this section. <a id=\"paragraph-200706\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/2.2-511.1\/#D\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":"                                 CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nPUBLIC INTEGRITY; LAW-ENFORCEMENT MISCONDUCT (\u00a7 2.2-511.1)\n\nA. As used in this section:\n\t\t\t&#8220;Law-enforcement officer&#8221; means the same as that term is defined\nin &#xA7; 9.1-101.\n\t\t\t&#8220;Locality&#8221; shall be construed to mean a county, city, or town as\nthe context may require.\n\nB. It is unlawful for the Commonwealth or any locality, or any agent thereof, or\nany person acting on behalf of the Commonwealth or any locality, to engage in a\npattern or practice of conduct by law-enforcement officers of any agency of the\nCommonwealth or any locality that deprives persons of rights, privileges, or\nimmunities secured or protected by the laws of the United States and the\nCommonwealth.\n\nC. Whenever the Attorney General has reasonable cause to believe that a\nviolation of subsection B has occurred, the Attorney General, for or in the name\nof the Commonwealth, may (i) file a civil action to obtain appropriate equitable\nand declaratory relief to eliminate the pattern or practice or (ii) inquire into\nor seek to conciliate any unlawful pattern and practice pursuant to &#xA7;\n2.2-520. The Attorney General may file a civil action to obtain appropriate\nrelief to enforce a conciliation agreement arising out of such inquiry or\nconciliation. The Attorney General may include, as part of a conciliation\nagreement, a provision that the locality shall be ineligible for funding under\nArticle 8 (&#xA7; 9.1-165 et seq.) of Chapter 1 of Title 9.1 upon a finding by\nany court of the Commonwealth that such locality is failing to comply with the\nconciliation agreement. Upon such a finding, the court shall declare the\nlocality ineligible for funding until the locality comes into compliance with\nthe conciliation agreement.\n\nD. Whenever the Attorney General has reasonable cause to believe that a\nviolation of subsection B has occurred, the Attorney General is empowered to\nissue a civil investigative demand. The provisions of &#xA7; 59.1-9.10 shall\napply mutatis mutandis to civil investigative demands issued pursuant to this\nsection.\n\nHISTORY: 2020, Sp. Sess. I, cc. 18, 19.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}