{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/20-146.33.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/20-146.33.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/20-146.33.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/20-146.33.html"}],"law_id":59809,"edition_id":1,"section_id":59809,"structure_id":13406,"section_number":"20-146.33","catch_line":"Costs, fees, and expenses","history":"1979, c. 229, \u00a7 20-136; 2001, c. 305.","full_text":"A\n\nThe court shall award the prevailing party, including a state, necessary and reasonable expenses incurred by or on behalf of the party, including costs, communication expenses, attorney’s fees, investigative fees, expenses for witnesses, travel expenses, and child care during the course of the proceedings, unless the party from whom fees or expenses are sought establishes that the award would be clearly inappropriate.B\n\nThe court may not assess fees, costs, or expenses against a state unless authorized by law other than this act.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":219022,"text":"The court shall award the prevailing party, including a state, necessary and reasonable expenses incurred by or on behalf of the party, including costs, communication expenses, attorney’s fees, investigative fees, expenses for witnesses, travel expenses, and child care during the course of the proceedings, unless the party from whom fees or expenses are sought establishes that the award would be clearly inappropriate.","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"B"},"1":{"id":219023,"text":"The court may not assess fees, costs, or expenses against a state unless authorized by law other than this act.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A"}},"ancestry":[{"id":13406,"edition_id":1,"name":"Enforcement","identifier":"3","label":"article","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13273,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:50","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:50","permalink":{"id":179313,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13406,"identifier":"3","token":"20\/7.1\/3","url":"\/20\/7.1\/3\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13273,"edition_id":1,"name":"Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement Act","identifier":"7.1","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12711,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:33","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:33","permalink":{"id":179223,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13273,"identifier":"7.1","token":"20\/7.1","url":"\/20\/7.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12711,"edition_id":1,"name":"Domestic Relations","identifier":"20","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:49","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:49","permalink":{"id":178075,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12711,"identifier":"20","token":"20","url":"\/20\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":63086,"structure_id":13406,"section_number":"20-146.22","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/20-146.22\/","token":"20\/7.1\/3\/20-146.22","metadata":false},{"id":59321,"structure_id":13406,"section_number":"20-146.23","catch_line":"Enforcement under Hague Convention","url":"\/20-146.23\/","token":"20\/7.1\/3\/20-146.23","metadata":false},{"id":60597,"structure_id":13406,"section_number":"20-146.24","catch_line":"Duty to enforce","url":"\/20-146.24\/","token":"20\/7.1\/3\/20-146.24","metadata":false},{"id":69527,"structure_id":13406,"section_number":"20-146.25","catch_line":"Temporary visitation","url":"\/20-146.25\/","token":"20\/7.1\/3\/20-146.25","metadata":false},{"id":56762,"structure_id":13406,"section_number":"20-146.26","catch_line":"Registration of child custody determination","url":"\/20-146.26\/","token":"20\/7.1\/3\/20-146.26","metadata":false},{"id":66332,"structure_id":13406,"section_number":"20-146.27","catch_line":"Enforcement of registered determination","url":"\/20-146.27\/","token":"20\/7.1\/3\/20-146.27","metadata":false},{"id":85878,"structure_id":13406,"section_number":"20-146.28","catch_line":"Simultaneous proceedings","url":"\/20-146.28\/","token":"20\/7.1\/3\/20-146.28","metadata":false},{"id":86219,"structure_id":13406,"section_number":"20-146.29","catch_line":"Expedited enforcement of child custody; determination","url":"\/20-146.29\/","token":"20\/7.1\/3\/20-146.29","metadata":false},{"id":69576,"structure_id":13406,"section_number":"20-146.30","catch_line":"Service of petition and order","url":"\/20-146.30\/","token":"20\/7.1\/3\/20-146.30","metadata":false},{"id":73118,"structure_id":13406,"section_number":"20-146.31","catch_line":"Hearing and order","url":"\/20-146.31\/","token":"20\/7.1\/3\/20-146.31","metadata":false},{"id":77444,"structure_id":13406,"section_number":"20-146.32","catch_line":"Ex parte order to take physical custody of child","url":"\/20-146.32\/","token":"20\/7.1\/3\/20-146.32","metadata":false},{"id":59809,"structure_id":13406,"section_number":"20-146.33","catch_line":"Costs, fees, and expenses","url":"\/20-146.33\/","token":"20\/7.1\/3\/20-146.33","metadata":false},{"id":54375,"structure_id":13406,"section_number":"20-146.34","catch_line":"Recognition and enforcement","url":"\/20-146.34\/","token":"20\/7.1\/3\/20-146.34","metadata":false},{"id":67591,"structure_id":13406,"section_number":"20-146.35","catch_line":"Appeals","url":"\/20-146.35\/","token":"20\/7.1\/3\/20-146.35","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":77444,"structure_id":13406,"section_number":"20-146.32","catch_line":"Ex parte order to take physical custody of child","url":"\/20-146.32\/","token":"20\/7.1\/3\/20-146.32","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":54375,"structure_id":13406,"section_number":"20-146.34","catch_line":"Recognition and enforcement","url":"\/20-146.34\/","token":"20\/7.1\/3\/20-146.34","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/20-146.33\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 1979. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 229 of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. Unfortunately, the 1979 \u201cActs\u201d aren\u2019t available online. It has been modified 1 time. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. That modification is as follows: in 2001, chapter 305<\/a>.<\/p>","references":[{"id":86219,"section_number":"20-146.29","catch_line":"Expedited enforcement of child custody; determination","order_by":null,"url":"\/20-146.29\/"},{"id":73118,"section_number":"20-146.31","catch_line":"Hearing and order","order_by":null,"url":"\/20-146.31\/"}],"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":179359,"object_type":"law","relational_id":59809,"identifier":"20-146.33","token":"20\/7.1\/3\/20-146.33","url":"\/20-146.33\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/20-146.33\/","token":"20\/7.1\/3\/20-146.33","dublin_core":{"Title":"Costs, fees, and expenses","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 20-146.33","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A.<\/span> The court<\/span> shall award the prevailing party<\/span>, including a state, necessary and reasonable expenses incurred by or on behalf of the party<\/span>, including costs, communication expenses, attorney’s fees, investigative fees, expenses for witnesses, travel expenses, and child care during the course of the proceedings, unless the party<\/span> from whom fees or expenses are sought establishes that the award would be clearly inappropriate. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> The court<\/span> may not assess fees, costs, or expenses against a state unless authorized by law<\/span> other than this act. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nCOSTS, FEES, AND EXPENSES (\u00a7 20-146.33)\n\nA. The court shall award the prevailing party, including a state, necessary and\nreasonable expenses incurred by or on behalf of the party, including costs,\ncommunication expenses, attorney’s fees, investigative fees, expenses for\nwitnesses, travel expenses, and child care during the course of the proceedings,\nunless the party from whom fees or expenses are sought establishes that the\naward would be clearly inappropriate.\n\nB. The court may not assess fees, costs, or expenses against a state unless\nauthorized by law other than this act.\n\nHISTORY: 1979, c. 229, \u00a7 20-136; 2001, c. 305.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}