{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/20-88.90.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/20-88.90.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/20-88.90.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/20-88.90.html"}],"law_id":56389,"edition_id":1,"section_id":56389,"structure_id":14137,"section_number":"20-88.90","catch_line":"Recognition and enforcement of registered convention support order","history":"2015, c. 727.","full_text":"A\n\nExcept as otherwise provided in subsection B, a tribunal of the Commonwealth shall recognize and enforce a registered Convention support order.B\n\nThe following grounds are the only grounds on which a tribunal of the Commonwealth may refuse recognition and enforcement of a registered Convention support order:1\n\nRecognition and enforcement of the order is manifestly incompatible with public policy, including the failure of the issuing tribunal to observe minimum standards of due process, which include notice and an opportunity to be heard;2\n\nThe issuing tribunal lacked personal jurisdiction consistent with § 20-88.35;3\n\nThe order is not enforceable in the issuing country;4\n\nThe order was obtained by fraud in connection with a matter of procedure;5\n\nA record transmitted in accordance with § 20-88.88 lacks authenticity or integrity;6\n\nA proceeding between the same parties and having the same purpose is pending before a tribunal of the Commonwealth and that proceeding was the first to be filed;7\n\nThe order is incompatible with a more recent support order involving the same parties and having the same purpose if the more recent support order is entitled to recognition and enforcement under this chapter in the Commonwealth;8\n\nPayment, to the extent alleged arrears have been paid in whole or in part;9\n\nIn a case in which the respondent neither appeared nor was represented in the proceeding in the issuing foreign country:\n\t\t\t\ta. If the law of that country provides for prior notice of proceedings, the respondent did not have proper notice of the proceedings and an opportunity to be heard; or\n\t\t\t\tb. If the law of that country does not provide for prior notice of the proceedings, the respondent did not have proper notice of the order and an opportunity to be heard in a challenge or appeal on fact or law before a tribunal; or10\n\nThe order was made in violation of § 20-88.93.C\n\nIf a tribunal of the Commonwealth does not recognize a Convention support order under subdivision B 2, 4, or 9:1\n\nThe tribunal may not dismiss the proceeding without allowing a reasonable time for a party to request the establishment of a new Convention support order; and2\n\nThe Department of Social Services shall take all appropriate measures to request a child support order for the obligee if the application for recognition and enforcement was received under § 20-88.86.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":206463,"text":"Except as otherwise provided in subsection B, a tribunal of the Commonwealth shall recognize and enforce a registered Convention support order.","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"B"},"1":{"id":206464,"text":"The following grounds are the only grounds on which a tribunal of the Commonwealth may refuse recognition and enforcement of a registered Convention support order:","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"B1"},"2":{"id":206465,"text":"Recognition and enforcement of the order is manifestly incompatible with public policy, including the failure of the issuing tribunal to observe minimum standards of due process, which include notice and an opportunity to be heard;","type":"section","prefixes":["B","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"B1","prefix_anchor":"B1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"B","next_prefix":"B2"},"3":{"id":206466,"text":"The issuing tribunal lacked personal jurisdiction consistent with § 20-88.35;","type":"section","prefixes":["B","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"B2","prefix_anchor":"B2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"B1","next_prefix":"B3"},"4":{"id":206467,"text":"The order is not enforceable in the issuing country;","type":"section","prefixes":["B","3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"B3","prefix_anchor":"B3","level":2,"prior_prefix":"B2","next_prefix":"B4"},"5":{"id":206468,"text":"The order was obtained by fraud in connection with a matter of procedure;","type":"section","prefixes":["B","4"],"prefix":"4","entire_prefix":"B4","prefix_anchor":"B4","level":2,"prior_prefix":"B3","next_prefix":"B5"},"6":{"id":206469,"text":"A record transmitted in accordance with § 20-88.88 lacks authenticity or integrity;","type":"section","prefixes":["B","5"],"prefix":"5","entire_prefix":"B5","prefix_anchor":"B5","level":2,"prior_prefix":"B4","next_prefix":"B6"},"7":{"id":206470,"text":"A proceeding between the same parties and having the same purpose is pending before a tribunal of the Commonwealth and that proceeding was the first to be filed;","type":"section","prefixes":["B","6"],"prefix":"6","entire_prefix":"B6","prefix_anchor":"B6","level":2,"prior_prefix":"B5","next_prefix":"B7"},"8":{"id":206471,"text":"The order is incompatible with a more recent support order involving the same parties and having the same purpose if the more recent support order is entitled to recognition and enforcement under this chapter in the Commonwealth;","type":"section","prefixes":["B","7"],"prefix":"7","entire_prefix":"B7","prefix_anchor":"B7","level":2,"prior_prefix":"B6","next_prefix":"B8"},"9":{"id":206472,"text":"Payment, to the extent alleged arrears have been paid in whole or in part;","type":"section","prefixes":["B","8"],"prefix":"8","entire_prefix":"B8","prefix_anchor":"B8","level":2,"prior_prefix":"B7","next_prefix":"B9"},"10":{"id":206473,"text":"In a case in which the respondent neither appeared nor was represented in the proceeding in the issuing foreign country:\n\t\t\t\ta. If the law of that country provides for prior notice of proceedings, the respondent did not have proper notice of the proceedings and an opportunity to be heard; or\n\t\t\t\tb. If the law of that country does not provide for prior notice of the proceedings, the respondent did not have proper notice of the order and an opportunity to be heard in a challenge or appeal on fact or law before a tribunal; or","type":"section","prefixes":["B","9"],"prefix":"9","entire_prefix":"B9","prefix_anchor":"B9","level":2,"prior_prefix":"B8","next_prefix":"B10"},"11":{"id":206474,"text":"The order was made in violation of § 20-88.93.","type":"section","prefixes":["B","10"],"prefix":"10","entire_prefix":"B10","prefix_anchor":"B10","level":2,"prior_prefix":"B9","next_prefix":"C"},"12":{"id":206475,"text":"If a tribunal of the Commonwealth does not recognize a Convention support order under subdivision B 2, 4, or 9:","type":"section","prefixes":["C"],"prefix":"C","entire_prefix":"C","prefix_anchor":"C","level":1,"prior_prefix":"B10","next_prefix":"C1"},"13":{"id":206476,"text":"The tribunal may not dismiss the proceeding without allowing a reasonable time for a party to request the establishment of a new Convention support order; and","type":"section","prefixes":["C","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"C1","prefix_anchor":"C1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"C","next_prefix":"C2"},"14":{"id":206477,"text":"The Department of Social Services shall take all appropriate measures to request a child support order for the obligee if the application for recognition and enforcement was received under § 20-88.86.","type":"section","prefixes":["C","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"C2","prefix_anchor":"C2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"C1"}},"ancestry":[{"id":14137,"edition_id":1,"name":"Support Proceeding Under Hague Convention","identifier":"13","label":"article","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":14136,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:46:59","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:46:59","permalink":{"id":178641,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":14137,"identifier":"13","token":"20\/5.3\/13","url":"\/20\/5.3\/13\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":14136,"edition_id":1,"name":"Uniform Interstate Family Support Act","identifier":"5.3","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12711,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:46:59","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:46:59","permalink":{"id":178595,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":14136,"identifier":"5.3","token":"20\/5.3","url":"\/20\/5.3\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12711,"edition_id":1,"name":"Domestic Relations","identifier":"20","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:49","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:49","permalink":{"id":178075,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12711,"identifier":"20","token":"20","url":"\/20\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":82126,"structure_id":14137,"section_number":"20-88.83","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/20-88.83\/","token":"20\/5.3\/13\/20-88.83","metadata":false},{"id":63851,"structure_id":14137,"section_number":"20-88.84","catch_line":"Applicability","url":"\/20-88.84\/","token":"20\/5.3\/13\/20-88.84","metadata":false},{"id":55284,"structure_id":14137,"section_number":"20-88.85","catch_line":"Relationship of Department of Social Services to United States central authority","url":"\/20-88.85\/","token":"20\/5.3\/13\/20-88.85","metadata":false},{"id":76442,"structure_id":14137,"section_number":"20-88.86","catch_line":"Initiation by Department of Social Services of support proceeding under convention","url":"\/20-88.86\/","token":"20\/5.3\/13\/20-88.86","metadata":false},{"id":67675,"structure_id":14137,"section_number":"20-88.87","catch_line":"Direct request","url":"\/20-88.87\/","token":"20\/5.3\/13\/20-88.87","metadata":false},{"id":58148,"structure_id":14137,"section_number":"20-88.88","catch_line":"Registration of Convention support order","url":"\/20-88.88\/","token":"20\/5.3\/13\/20-88.88","metadata":false},{"id":72770,"structure_id":14137,"section_number":"20-88.89","catch_line":"Contest of registered convention support order","url":"\/20-88.89\/","token":"20\/5.3\/13\/20-88.89","metadata":false},{"id":56389,"structure_id":14137,"section_number":"20-88.90","catch_line":"Recognition and enforcement of registered convention support order","url":"\/20-88.90\/","token":"20\/5.3\/13\/20-88.90","metadata":false},{"id":83933,"structure_id":14137,"section_number":"20-88.91","catch_line":"Partial enforcement","url":"\/20-88.91\/","token":"20\/5.3\/13\/20-88.91","metadata":false},{"id":60717,"structure_id":14137,"section_number":"20-88.92","catch_line":"Foreign support agreement","url":"\/20-88.92\/","token":"20\/5.3\/13\/20-88.92","metadata":false},{"id":73784,"structure_id":14137,"section_number":"20-88.93","catch_line":"Modification of Convention child support order","url":"\/20-88.93\/","token":"20\/5.3\/13\/20-88.93","metadata":false},{"id":63975,"structure_id":14137,"section_number":"20-88.94","catch_line":"Personal information; limit on use","url":"\/20-88.94\/","token":"20\/5.3\/13\/20-88.94","metadata":false},{"id":82546,"structure_id":14137,"section_number":"20-88.95","catch_line":"Record in original language; English translation","url":"\/20-88.95\/","token":"20\/5.3\/13\/20-88.95","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":72770,"structure_id":14137,"section_number":"20-88.89","catch_line":"Contest of registered convention support order","url":"\/20-88.89\/","token":"20\/5.3\/13\/20-88.89","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":83933,"structure_id":14137,"section_number":"20-88.91","catch_line":"Partial enforcement","url":"\/20-88.91\/","token":"20\/5.3\/13\/20-88.91","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/20-88.90\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 2015. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 727<\/a> of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year.<\/p>","references":[{"id":76442,"section_number":"20-88.86","catch_line":"Initiation by Department of Social Services of support proceeding under convention","order_by":null,"url":"\/20-88.86\/"},{"id":72770,"section_number":"20-88.89","catch_line":"Contest of registered convention support order","order_by":null,"url":"\/20-88.89\/"},{"id":73784,"section_number":"20-88.93","catch_line":"Modification of Convention child support order","order_by":null,"url":"\/20-88.93\/"}],"refers_to":[{"id":65936,"section_number":"20-88.35","catch_line":"Bases for jurisdiction over nonresident","order_by":null,"url":"\/20-88.35\/"},{"id":76442,"section_number":"20-88.86","catch_line":"Initiation by Department of Social Services of support proceeding under convention","order_by":null,"url":"\/20-88.86\/"},{"id":58148,"section_number":"20-88.88","catch_line":"Registration of Convention support order","order_by":null,"url":"\/20-88.88\/"}],"permalink":{"id":178671,"object_type":"law","relational_id":56389,"identifier":"20-88.90","token":"20\/5.3\/13\/20-88.90","url":"\/20-88.90\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/20-88.90\/","token":"20\/5.3\/13\/20-88.90","dublin_core":{"Title":"Recognition and enforcement of registered convention support order","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 20-88.90","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A.<\/span> Except as otherwise provided in subsection B, a tribunal<\/span> of the Commonwealth shall recognize and enforce a registered Convention support order<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> The following grounds are the only grounds on which a tribunal<\/span> of the Commonwealth may refuse recognition and enforcement of a registered Convention support order<\/span>: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> Recognition and enforcement of the order is manifestly incompatible with public policy, including the failure of the issuing tribunal<\/span> to observe minimum standards of due process<\/span>, which include notice and an opportunity to be heard; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> The issuing tribunal<\/span> lacked personal jurisdiction<\/span> consistent with § 20-88.35<\/a>; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

3.<\/span> The order is not enforceable in the issuing country; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

4.<\/span> The order was obtained by fraud<\/span> in connection with a matter of procedure; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

5.<\/span> A record<\/span> transmitted in accordance with § 20-88.88<\/a> lacks authenticity or integrity; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

6.<\/span> A proceeding between the same parties and having the same purpose is pending before a tribunal of the Commonwealth and that proceeding was the first to be filed; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

7.<\/span> The order is incompatible with a more recent support order involving the same parties and having the same purpose if the more recent support order is entitled to recognition and enforcement under this chapter in the Commonwealth; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

8.<\/span> Payment, to the extent alleged arrears<\/span> have been paid in whole or in part; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

9.<\/span> In a case in which the respondent neither appeared nor was represented in the proceeding in the issuing foreign country<\/span>:\n\t\t\t\ta. If the law<\/span> of that country provides for prior notice of proceedings, the respondent did not have proper notice of the proceedings and an opportunity to be heard; or\n\t\t\t\tb. If the law<\/span> of that country does not provide for prior notice of the proceedings, the respondent did not have proper notice of the order and an opportunity to be heard in a challenge or appeal<\/span> on fact<\/span> or law<\/span> before a tribunal; or <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

10.<\/span> The order was made in violation of § 20-88.93<\/a>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

C.<\/span> If a tribunal of the Commonwealth does not recognize a Convention support order<\/span> under subdivision B 2, 4, or 9: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> The tribunal may not dismiss the proceeding without allowing a reasonable time for a party<\/span> to request the establishment of a new Convention support order<\/span>; and <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> The Department of Social Services shall take all appropriate measures to request a child support order<\/span> for the obligee<\/span> if the application<\/span> for recognition and enforcement was received under § 20-88.86<\/a>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nRECOGNITION AND ENFORCEMENT OF REGISTERED CONVENTION SUPPORT ORDER (\u00a7 20-88.90)\n\nA. Except as otherwise provided in subsection B, a tribunal of the Commonwealth\nshall recognize and enforce a registered Convention support order.\n\nB. The following grounds are the only grounds on which a tribunal of the\nCommonwealth may refuse recognition and enforcement of a registered Convention\nsupport order:\n\n 1. Recognition and enforcement of the order is manifestly incompatible with\n public policy, including the failure of the issuing tribunal to observe\n minimum standards of due process, which include notice and an opportunity to\n be heard;\n\n 2. The issuing tribunal lacked personal jurisdiction consistent with §\n 20-88.35;\n\n 3. The order is not enforceable in the issuing country;\n\n 4. The order was obtained by fraud in connection with a matter of procedure;\n\n 5. A record transmitted in accordance with § 20-88.88 lacks authenticity\n or integrity;\n\n 6. A proceeding between the same parties and having the same purpose is\n pending before a tribunal of the Commonwealth and that proceeding was the\n first to be filed;\n\n 7. The order is incompatible with a more recent support order involving the\n same parties and having the same purpose if the more recent support order is\n entitled to recognition and enforcement under this chapter in the\n Commonwealth;\n\n 8. Payment, to the extent alleged arrears have been paid in whole or in part;\n\n 9. In a case in which the respondent neither appeared nor was represented in\n the proceeding in the issuing foreign country:\n \t\t\t\ta. If the law of that country provides for prior notice of proceedings,\n the respondent did not have proper notice of the proceedings and an\n opportunity to be heard; or\n \t\t\t\tb. If the law of that country does not provide for prior notice of the\n proceedings, the respondent did not have proper notice of the order and an\n opportunity to be heard in a challenge or appeal on fact or law before a\n tribunal; or\n\n 10. The order was made in violation of § 20-88.93.\n\nC. If a tribunal of the Commonwealth does not recognize a Convention support\norder under subdivision B 2, 4, or 9:\n\n 1. The tribunal may not dismiss the proceeding without allowing a reasonable\n time for a party to request the establishment of a new Convention support\n order; and\n\n 2. The Department of Social Services shall take all appropriate measures to\n request a child support order for the obligee if the application for\n recognition and enforcement was received under § 20-88.86.\n\nHISTORY: 2015, c. 727.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}