{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/22.1-25.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/22.1-25.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/22.1-25.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/22.1-25.html"}],"law_id":54756,"edition_id":1,"section_id":54756,"structure_id":13752,"section_number":"22.1-25","catch_line":"How school divisions made","history":"Code 1950, \u00a7 22-30.1; 1978, c. 456; 1980, c. 559; 2004, c. 917; 2013, cc. 644, 805; 2015, c. 369.","full_text":"A\n\nThe Board of Education shall divide the Commonwealth into school divisions of such geographical area and school-age population as will promote the realization of the standards of quality required by of Article VIII, Section 2 of the Constitution of Virginia, subject to the following conditions:1\n\nThe school divisions as they exist on July 1, 1978, shall be and remain the school divisions of the Commonwealth until further action of the Board of Education taken in accordance with the provisions of this section except that when a town becomes an independent city, the town shall also become a school division.2\n\nNo school division shall be divided or consolidated without the consent of the school board thereof and the governing body of the county or city affected or, if a town comprises the school division, of the town council.3\n\nNo change shall be made in the composition of any school division if such change conflicts with any joint resolution expressing the sense of the General Assembly with respect thereto adopted at the session next following January 1 of the year in which the composition of such school division is to be changed.B\n\nNotice of any change in the composition of a school division proposed by the Board of Education shall be given by the Superintendent of Public Instruction, on or before January 1 of the year in which the composition of such school division is to be changed, to the clerks of the school board and of the governing body involved and to each member of the General Assembly.C\n\nSubject to the conditions set forth in subsection A, the Board of Education shall consider the following criteria in determining appropriate school divisions:1\n\nThe school-age population of the school division proposed to be divided or consolidated.2\n\nThe potential of the proposed school division to facilitate the offering of a comprehensive program for kindergarten through grade 12 at the level of the established standards of quality.3\n\nThe potential of the proposed school division to promote efficiency in the use of school facilities and school personnel and economy in operation.4\n\nAnticipated increase or decrease in the number of children of school age in the proposed school division.5\n\nGeographical area and topographical features as they relate to existing or available transportation facilities designed to render reasonable access by pupils to existing or contemplated school facilities.6\n\nThe ability of each existing school division to meet the standards of quality with its own resources and facilities or in cooperation with another school division or divisions if arrangements for such cooperation have been made.D\n\nConsistent with the authority of the Board pursuant to Article VIII, Section 5 of the Constitution of Virginia to designate school divisions in the Commonwealth of such geographic size and school-age population as will best promote the realization of the standards of quality, local school boards may submit proposals for the consolidation of school divisions to the Board of Education. Prior to the submission of a consolidation proposal, the submitting school board shall give notice to the public and shall conduct one or more public hearings.\n\t\t\tSchool divisions submitting proposals for consolidation shall include such information and data as may be necessary to support their proposal, including (i) the criteria set forth in subsection C; (ii) evidence of the cost savings to be realized by such consolidation; (iii) a plan for the transfer of title to school board property to the resulting combined school board governing the consolidated division; (iv) procedures and a schedule for the proposed consolidation, including completion of current division superintendent and school board member terms; (v) a plan for proportional school board representation of the localities comprising the new school division, including details regarding the appointment or election processes currently ensuring such representation and other information as may be necessary to evidence compliance with federal and state laws governing voting rights; and (vi) evidence of local support for the proposed consolidation.\n\t\t\tFor five years following completion of such consolidation, the computation of the state and local share for an educational program meeting the standards of quality for school divisions resulting from consolidations approved pursuant to this subsection shall be the lower composite index of local ability-to-pay of the applicant school divisions, as provided in the appropriation act.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":200967,"text":"The Board of Education shall divide the Commonwealth into school divisions of such geographical area and school-age population as will promote the realization of the standards of quality required by of Article VIII, Section 2 of the Constitution of Virginia, subject to the following conditions:","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"A1"},"1":{"id":200968,"text":"The school divisions as they exist on July 1, 1978, shall be and remain the school divisions of the Commonwealth until further action of the Board of Education taken in accordance with the provisions of this section except that when a town becomes an independent city, the town shall also become a school division.","type":"section","prefixes":["A","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"A1","prefix_anchor":"A1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"A2"},"2":{"id":200969,"text":"No school division shall be divided or consolidated without the consent of the school board thereof and the governing body of the county or city affected or, if a town comprises the school division, of the town council.","type":"section","prefixes":["A","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"A2","prefix_anchor":"A2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A1","next_prefix":"A3"},"3":{"id":200970,"text":"No change shall be made in the composition of any school division if such change conflicts with any joint resolution expressing the sense of the General Assembly with respect thereto adopted at the session next following January 1 of the year in which the composition of such school division is to be changed.","type":"section","prefixes":["A","3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"A3","prefix_anchor":"A3","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A2","next_prefix":"B"},"4":{"id":200971,"text":"Notice of any change in the composition of a school division proposed by the Board of Education shall be given by the Superintendent of Public Instruction, on or before January 1 of the year in which the composition of such school division is to be changed, to the clerks of the school board and of the governing body involved and to each member of the General Assembly.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A3","next_prefix":"C"},"5":{"id":200972,"text":"Subject to the conditions set forth in subsection A, the Board of Education shall consider the following criteria in determining appropriate school divisions:","type":"section","prefixes":["C"],"prefix":"C","entire_prefix":"C","prefix_anchor":"C","level":1,"prior_prefix":"B","next_prefix":"C1"},"6":{"id":200973,"text":"The school-age population of the school division proposed to be divided or consolidated.","type":"section","prefixes":["C","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"C1","prefix_anchor":"C1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"C","next_prefix":"C2"},"7":{"id":200974,"text":"The potential of the proposed school division to facilitate the offering of a comprehensive program for kindergarten through grade 12 at the level of the established standards of quality.","type":"section","prefixes":["C","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"C2","prefix_anchor":"C2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"C1","next_prefix":"C3"},"8":{"id":200975,"text":"The potential of the proposed school division to promote efficiency in the use of school facilities and school personnel and economy in operation.","type":"section","prefixes":["C","3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"C3","prefix_anchor":"C3","level":2,"prior_prefix":"C2","next_prefix":"C4"},"9":{"id":200976,"text":"Anticipated increase or decrease in the number of children of school age in the proposed school division.","type":"section","prefixes":["C","4"],"prefix":"4","entire_prefix":"C4","prefix_anchor":"C4","level":2,"prior_prefix":"C3","next_prefix":"C5"},"10":{"id":200977,"text":"Geographical area and topographical features as they relate to existing or available transportation facilities designed to render reasonable access by pupils to existing or contemplated school facilities.","type":"section","prefixes":["C","5"],"prefix":"5","entire_prefix":"C5","prefix_anchor":"C5","level":2,"prior_prefix":"C4","next_prefix":"C6"},"11":{"id":200978,"text":"The ability of each existing school division to meet the standards of quality with its own resources and facilities or in cooperation with another school division or divisions if arrangements for such cooperation have been made.","type":"section","prefixes":["C","6"],"prefix":"6","entire_prefix":"C6","prefix_anchor":"C6","level":2,"prior_prefix":"C5","next_prefix":"D"},"12":{"id":200979,"text":"Consistent with the authority of the Board pursuant to Article VIII, Section 5 of the Constitution of Virginia to designate school divisions in the Commonwealth of such geographic size and school-age population as will best promote the realization of the standards of quality, local school boards may submit proposals for the consolidation of school divisions to the Board of Education. Prior to the submission of a consolidation proposal, the submitting school board shall give notice to the public and shall conduct one or more public hearings.\n\t\t\tSchool divisions submitting proposals for consolidation shall include such information and data as may be necessary to support their proposal, including (i) the criteria set forth in subsection C; (ii) evidence of the cost savings to be realized by such consolidation; (iii) a plan for the transfer of title to school board property to the resulting combined school board governing the consolidated division; (iv) procedures and a schedule for the proposed consolidation, including completion of current division superintendent and school board member terms; (v) a plan for proportional school board representation of the localities comprising the new school division, including details regarding the appointment or election processes currently ensuring such representation and other information as may be necessary to evidence compliance with federal and state laws governing voting rights; and (vi) evidence of local support for the proposed consolidation.\n\t\t\tFor five years following completion of such consolidation, the computation of the state and local share for an educational program meeting the standards of quality for school divisions resulting from consolidations approved pursuant to this subsection shall be the lower composite index of local ability-to-pay of the applicant school divisions, as provided in the appropriation act.","type":"section","prefixes":["D"],"prefix":"D","entire_prefix":"D","prefix_anchor":"D","level":1,"prior_prefix":"C6"}},"ancestry":[{"id":13752,"edition_id":1,"name":"School Divisions, Joint Schools and Contracts Between School Divisions","identifier":"4","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12823,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:45:47","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:45:47","permalink":{"id":183783,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13752,"identifier":"4","token":"22.1\/4","url":"\/22.1\/4\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12823,"edition_id":1,"name":"Education","identifier":"22.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:55","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:55","permalink":{"id":180949,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12823,"identifier":"22.1","token":"22.1","url":"\/22.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":54756,"structure_id":13752,"section_number":"22.1-25","catch_line":"How school divisions made","url":"\/22.1-25\/","token":"22.1\/4\/22.1-25","metadata":false},{"id":85010,"structure_id":13752,"section_number":"22.1-26","catch_line":"Joint and regional schools; regional public charter schools","url":"\/22.1-26\/","token":"22.1\/4\/22.1-26","metadata":false},{"id":85423,"structure_id":13752,"section_number":"22.1-26.1","catch_line":"Agreements for satellite classrooms","url":"\/22.1-26.1\/","token":"22.1\/4\/22.1-26.1","metadata":false},{"id":85783,"structure_id":13752,"section_number":"22.1-26.2","catch_line":"Academic year Governor's Schools; certain practices prohibited and required","url":"\/22.1-26.2\/","token":"22.1\/4\/22.1-26.2","metadata":false},{"id":61266,"structure_id":13752,"section_number":"22.1-27","catch_line":"Contracts to furnish facilities and services","url":"\/22.1-27\/","token":"22.1\/4\/22.1-27","metadata":false}],"next_section":{"id":85010,"structure_id":13752,"section_number":"22.1-26","catch_line":"Joint and regional schools; regional public charter schools","url":"\/22.1-26\/","token":"22.1\/4\/22.1-26","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/22.1-25\/","history_text":"

The record of this law\u2019s original creation isn\u2019t available online. It has been modified 5 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 1978, chapter 456; in 1980, chapter 559; in 2004, chapter 917<\/a>; in 2013, chapters 644<\/a> and 805<\/a>; in 2015, chapter 369<\/a>.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":183785,"object_type":"law","relational_id":54756,"identifier":"22.1-25","token":"22.1\/4\/22.1-25","url":"\/22.1-25\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/22.1-25\/","token":"22.1\/4\/22.1-25","dublin_core":{"Title":"How school divisions made","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 22.1-25","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A.<\/span> The Board<\/span> of Education shall divide the Commonwealth into school divisions of such geographical area and school-age population as will promote the realization of the standards of quality required by of Article VIII, Section 2 of the Constitution of Virginia, subject to the following conditions: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> The school divisions as they exist on July 1, 1978, shall be and remain the school divisions of the Commonwealth until further action of the Board<\/span> of Education taken in accordance with the provisions of this section except that when a town becomes an independent city, the town shall also become a school division. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> No school division shall be divided or consolidated without the consent of the school board<\/span> thereof and the governing body<\/span> of the county or city affected or, if a town comprises the school division, of the town council. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

3.<\/span> No change shall be made in the composition of any school division if such change conflicts with any joint resolution expressing the sense of the General Assembly with respect thereto adopted at the session next following January 1 of the year in which the composition of such school division is to be changed. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> Notice of any change in the composition of a school division proposed by the Board of Education shall be given by the Superintendent<\/span> of Public Instruction, on or before January 1 of the year in which the composition of such school division is to be changed, to the clerks of the school board<\/span> and of the governing body<\/span> involved and to each member of the General Assembly. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

C.<\/span> Subject to the conditions set forth in subsection A, the Board of Education shall consider the following criteria in determining appropriate school divisions: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> The school-age population of the school division proposed to be divided or consolidated. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> The potential of the proposed school division to facilitate the offering of a comprehensive program for kindergarten through grade 12 at the level of the established standards of quality. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

3.<\/span> The potential of the proposed school division to promote efficiency in the use of school facilities and school personnel and economy in operation. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

4.<\/span> Anticipated increase or decrease in the number of children of school age in the proposed school division. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

5.<\/span> Geographical area and topographical features as they relate to existing or available transportation facilities designed to render reasonable access by pupils to existing or contemplated school facilities. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

6.<\/span> The ability of each existing school division to meet the standards of quality with its own resources and facilities or in cooperation with another school division or divisions if arrangements for such cooperation have been made. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

D.<\/span> Consistent with the authority of the Board pursuant to Article VIII, Section 5 of the Constitution of Virginia to designate school divisions in the Commonwealth of such geographic size and school-age population as will best promote the realization of the standards of quality, local school boards<\/span> may submit proposals for the consolidation<\/span> of school divisions to the Board of Education. Prior to the submission of a consolidation<\/span> proposal, the submitting school board<\/span> shall give notice to the public and shall conduct one or more public hearings<\/span>.\n\t\t\tSchool divisions submitting proposals for consolidation<\/span> shall include such information and data as may be necessary to support their proposal, including (i) the criteria set forth in subsection C; (ii) evidence<\/span> of the cost savings to be realized by such consolidation<\/span>; (iii) a plan for the transfer of title to school board<\/span> property to the resulting combined school board<\/span> governing the consolidated division; (iv) procedures and a schedule for the proposed consolidation<\/span>, including completion of current division superintendent<\/span> and school board<\/span> member terms; (v) a plan for proportional school board<\/span> representation of the localities comprising the new school division, including details regarding the appointment or election processes currently ensuring such representation and other information as may be necessary to evidence<\/span> compliance with federal and state laws<\/span> governing voting rights; and (vi) evidence<\/span> of local support for the proposed consolidation<\/span>.\n\t\t\tFor five years following completion of such consolidation<\/span>, the computation of the state and local share for an educational program meeting the standards of quality for school divisions resulting from consolidations<\/span> approved pursuant to this subsection shall be the lower composite index of local ability-to-pay of the applicant school divisions, as provided in the appropriation act. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nHOW SCHOOL DIVISIONS MADE (\u00a7 22.1-25)\n\nA. The Board of Education shall divide the Commonwealth into school divisions of\nsuch geographical area and school-age population as will promote the realization\nof the standards of quality required by of Article VIII, Section 2 of the\nConstitution of Virginia, subject to the following conditions:\n\n 1. The school divisions as they exist on July 1, 1978, shall be and remain the\n school divisions of the Commonwealth until further action of the Board of\n Education taken in accordance with the provisions of this section except that\n when a town becomes an independent city, the town shall also become a school\n division.\n\n 2. No school division shall be divided or consolidated without the consent of\n the school board thereof and the governing body of the county or city affected\n or, if a town comprises the school division, of the town council.\n\n 3. No change shall be made in the composition of any school division if such\n change conflicts with any joint resolution expressing the sense of the General\n Assembly with respect thereto adopted at the session next following January 1\n of the year in which the composition of such school division is to be changed.\n\nB. Notice of any change in the composition of a school division proposed by the\nBoard of Education shall be given by the Superintendent of Public Instruction,\non or before January 1 of the year in which the composition of such school\ndivision is to be changed, to the clerks of the school board and of the\ngoverning body involved and to each member of the General Assembly.\n\nC. Subject to the conditions set forth in subsection A, the Board of Education\nshall consider the following criteria in determining appropriate school\ndivisions:\n\n 1. The school-age population of the school division proposed to be divided or\n consolidated.\n\n 2. The potential of the proposed school division to facilitate the offering of\n a comprehensive program for kindergarten through grade 12 at the level of the\n established standards of quality.\n\n 3. The potential of the proposed school division to promote efficiency in the\n use of school facilities and school personnel and economy in operation.\n\n 4. Anticipated increase or decrease in the number of children of school age in\n the proposed school division.\n\n 5. Geographical area and topographical features as they relate to existing or\n available transportation facilities designed to render reasonable access by\n pupils to existing or contemplated school facilities.\n\n 6. The ability of each existing school division to meet the standards of\n quality with its own resources and facilities or in cooperation with another\n school division or divisions if arrangements for such cooperation have been\n made.\n\nD. Consistent with the authority of the Board pursuant to Article VIII, Section\n5 of the Constitution of Virginia to designate school divisions in the\nCommonwealth of such geographic size and school-age population as will best\npromote the realization of the standards of quality, local school boards may\nsubmit proposals for the consolidation of school divisions to the Board of\nEducation. Prior to the submission of a consolidation proposal, the submitting\nschool board shall give notice to the public and shall conduct one or more\npublic hearings.\n\t\t\tSchool divisions submitting proposals for consolidation shall include such\ninformation and data as may be necessary to support their proposal, including\n(i) the criteria set forth in subsection C; (ii) evidence of the cost savings to\nbe realized by such consolidation; (iii) a plan for the transfer of title to\nschool board property to the resulting combined school board governing the\nconsolidated division; (iv) procedures and a schedule for the proposed\nconsolidation, including completion of current division superintendent and\nschool board member terms; (v) a plan for proportional school board\nrepresentation of the localities comprising the new school division, including\ndetails regarding the appointment or election processes currently ensuring such\nrepresentation and other information as may be necessary to evidence compliance\nwith federal and state laws governing voting rights; and (vi) evidence of local\nsupport for the proposed consolidation.\n\t\t\tFor five years following completion of such consolidation, the computation of\nthe state and local share for an educational program meeting the standards of\nquality for school divisions resulting from consolidations approved pursuant to\nthis subsection shall be the lower composite index of local ability-to-pay of\nthe applicant school divisions, as provided in the appropriation act.\n\nHISTORY: Code 1950, \u00a7 22-30.1; 1978, c. 456; 1980, c. 559; 2004, c. 917; 2013,\ncc. 644, 805; 2015, c. 369.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}