{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/22.1-254.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/22.1-254.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/22.1-254.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/22.1-254.html"}],"law_id":64677,"edition_id":1,"section_id":64677,"structure_id":13989,"section_number":"22.1-254","catch_line":"Compulsory attendance required; excuses and waivers; alternative education program attendance; exemptions from article","history":"Code 1950, \u00a7 22-275.1; 1952, c. 279; 1959, Ex. Sess., c. 72; 1968, c. 178; 1974, c. 199; 1976, cc. 681, 713; 1978, c. 518; 1980, c. 559; 1984, c. 436; 1989, c. 515; 1990, c. 797; 1991, c. 295; 1993, c. 903; 1996, cc. 163, 916, 964; 1997, c. 828; 1999, cc. 488, 552; 2000, c. 184; 2001, cc. 688, 820; 2003, c. 119; 2004, c. 251; 2006, c. 335; 2010, c. 605; 2012, cc. 454, 642; 2014, c. 84; 2017, c. 330; 2018, cc. 486, 585; 2020, c. 869; 2021, Sp. Sess. I, cc. 104, 105; 2022, c. 233.","full_text":"A\n\nAs used in this subsection, “attend” includes participation in educational programs and courses at a site remote from the school with the permission of the school and in conformity with applicable requirements.\n\t\t\tExcept as otherwise provided in this article, every parent, guardian, or other person in the Commonwealth having control or charge of any child who will have reached the fifth birthday on or before September 30 of any school year and who has not passed the eighteenth birthday shall, during the period of each year the public schools are in session and for the same number of days and hours per day as the public schools, cause such child to attend a public school or a private, denominational, or parochial school or have such child taught by a tutor or teacher of qualifications prescribed by the Board and approved by the division superintendent, or provide for home instruction of such child as described in § 22.1-254.1.\n\t\t\tAs prescribed in the regulations of the Board, the requirements of this section may also be satisfied by causing a child to attend an alternative program of study or work\/study offered by a public, private, denominational, or parochial school or by a public or private degree-granting institution of higher education. Further, in the case of any five-year-old child who is subject to the provisions of this subsection, the requirements of this section may be alternatively satisfied by causing the child to attend any public educational pre-kindergarten program, including a Head Start program, or in a private, denominational, or parochial educational pre-kindergarten program.\n\t\t\tInstruction in the home of a child or children by the parent, guardian, or other person having control or charge of such child or children shall not be classified or defined as a private, denominational or parochial school.\n\t\t\tThe requirements of this section shall apply to (i) any child in the custody of the Department of Juvenile Justice or the Department of Corrections who has not passed his eighteenth birthday and (ii) any child whom the division superintendent has required to take a special program of prevention, intervention, or remediation as provided in subsection C of § 22.1-253.13:1 and in § 22.1-254.01. The requirements of this section shall not apply to (a) any person 16 through 18 years of age who is housed in an adult correctional facility when such person is actively pursuing the achievement of a passing score on a high school equivalency examination approved by the Board but is not enrolled in an individual student alternative education plan pursuant to subsection E, and (b) any child who has obtained a high school diploma or its equivalent, a certificate of completion, or has achieved a passing score on a high school equivalency examination approved by the Board, or who has otherwise complied with compulsory school attendance requirements as set forth in this article.B\n\nA school board shall excuse from attendance at school:1\n\nAny pupil who, together with his parents, by reason of bona fide religious training or belief is conscientiously opposed to attendance at school. For purposes of this subdivision, “bona fide religious training or belief” does not include essentially political, sociological or philosophical views or a merely personal moral code; and2\n\nOn the recommendation of the juvenile and domestic relations district court of the county or city in which the pupil resides and for such period of time as the court deems appropriate, any pupil who, together with his parents, is opposed to attendance at a school by reason of concern for such pupil’s health, as verified by competent medical evidence, or by reason of such pupil’s reasonable apprehension for personal safety when such concern or apprehension in that pupil’s specific case is determined by the court, upon consideration of the recommendation of the principal and division superintendent, to be justified.C\n\nEach local school board shall develop policies for excusing students who are absent by reason of observance of a religious holiday. Such policies shall ensure that a student shall not be deprived of any award or of eligibility or opportunity to compete for any award, or of the right to take an alternate test or examination, for any which he missed by reason of such absence, if the absence is verified in a manner acceptable to the school board.D\n\nA school board may excuse from attendance at school:1\n\nOn recommendation of the principal and the division superintendent and with the written consent of the parent or guardian, any pupil who the school board determines, in accordance with regulations of the Board, cannot benefit from education at such school; or2\n\nOn recommendation of the juvenile and domestic relations district court of the county or city in which the pupil resides, any pupil who, in the judgment of such court, cannot benefit from education at such school.E\n\nLocal school boards may allow the requirements of subsection A to be met under the following conditions:\n\t\t\tFor a student who is at least 16 years of age, there shall be a meeting of the student, the student’s parents, and the principal or his designee of the school in which the student is enrolled in which an individual student alternative education plan shall be developed in conformity with guidelines prescribed by the Board, which plan must include:1\n\nCareer guidance counseling;2\n\nMandatory enrollment and attendance in a preparatory program for passing a high school equivalency examination approved by the Board or other alternative education program approved by the local school board with attendance requirements that provide for reporting of student attendance by the chief administrator of such preparatory program or approved alternative education program to such principal or his designee;3\n\nMandatory enrollment in a program to earn a Board-approved career and technical education credential, such as the successful completion of an industry certification, a state licensure examination, a national occupational competency assessment, the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery, or the Virginia workplace readiness skills assessment;4\n\nSuccessful completion of the course in economics and personal finance required to earn a Board-approved high school diploma;5\n\nCounseling on the economic impact of failing to complete high school; and6\n\nProcedures for reenrollment to comply with the requirements of subsection A.\n\t\t\t\tA student for whom an individual student alternative education plan has been granted pursuant to this subsection and who fails to comply with the conditions of such plan shall be in violation of the compulsory school attendance law, and the division superintendent or attendance officer of the school division in which such student was last enrolled shall seek immediate compliance with the compulsory school attendance law as set forth in this article.\n\t\t\t\tStudents enrolled with an individual student alternative education plan shall be counted in the average daily membership of the school division.F\n\nA school board may, in accordance with the procedures set forth in Article 3 (§ 22.1-276.01 et seq.) of Chapter 14 and upon a finding that a school-age child has been (i) charged with an offense relating to the Commonwealth’s laws, or with a violation of school board policies, on weapons, alcohol or drugs, or intentional injury to another person; (ii) found guilty or not innocent of a crime that resulted in or could have resulted in injury to others, or of an offense that is required to be disclosed to the superintendent of the school division pursuant to subsection G of § 16.1-260; (iii) suspended pursuant to § 22.1-277.05; or (iv) expelled from school attendance pursuant to § 22.1-277.06 or 22.1-277.07 or subsection C of § 22.1-277, require the child to attend an alternative education program as provided in § 22.1-209.1:2 or 22.1-277.2:1.G\n\nWhenever a court orders any pupil into an alternative education program, including a program preparing students for a high school equivalency examination approved by the Board, offered in the public schools, the local school board of the school division in which the program is offered shall determine the appropriate alternative education placement of the pupil, regardless of whether the pupil attends the public schools it supervises or resides within its school division.\n\t\t\tThe juvenile and domestic relations district court of the county or city in which a pupil resides or in which charges are pending against a pupil, or any court in which charges are pending against a pupil, may require the pupil who has been charged with (i) a crime that resulted in or could have resulted in injury to others, (ii) a violation of Article 1 (§ 18.2-77 et seq.) of Chapter 5 of Title 18.2, or (iii) any offense related to possession or distribution of any Schedule I, II, or III controlled substances to attend an alternative education program, including, but not limited to, night school, adult education, or any other education program designed to offer instruction to students for whom the regular program of instruction may be inappropriate.\n\t\t\tThis subsection shall not be construed to limit the authority of school boards to expel, suspend, or exclude students, as provided in §§ 22.1-277.04, 22.1-277.05, 22.1-277.06, 22.1-277.07, and 22.1-277.2. As used in this subsection, the term “charged” means that a petition or warrant has been filed or is pending against a pupil.H\n\nWithin one calendar month of the opening of school, each school board shall send to the parents or guardian of each student enrolled in the division a copy of the compulsory school attendance law and the enforcement procedures and policies established by the school board.I\n\nThe provisions of this article shall not apply to:1\n\nChildren suffering from contagious or infectious diseases while suffering from such diseases;2\n\nChildren whose immunizations against communicable diseases have not been completed as provided in § 22.1-271.2;3\n\nChildren under 10 years of age who live more than two miles from a public school unless public transportation is provided within one mile of the place where such children live;4\n\nChildren between the ages of 10 and 17, inclusive, who live more than 2.5 miles from a public school unless public transportation is provided within 1.5 miles of the place where such children live; and5\n\nChildren excused pursuant to subsections B and D.\n\t\t\t\tFurther, any child who will not have reached his sixth birthday on or before September 30 of each school year whose parent or guardian notifies the appropriate school board that he does not wish the child to attend school until the following year because the child, in the opinion of the parent or guardian, is not mentally, physically, or emotionally prepared to attend school, may delay the child’s attendance for one year.\n\t\t\t\tThe distances specified in subdivisions 3 and 4 shall be measured or determined from the child’s residence to the entrance to the school grounds or to the school bus stop nearest the entrance to the residence of such children by the nearest practical routes which are usable for walking or riding. Disease shall be established by the certificate of a reputable practicing physician in accordance with regulations adopted by the Board.J\n\nSubject to guidelines established by the Department, any student who is absent from school due to his mental or behavioral health shall be granted an excused absence.K\n\nSubject to guidelines established by the Department, each school board (i) shall permit one school day-long excused absence per school year for any middle school or high school student in the local school division who is absent from school to engage in a civic event and (ii) may permit additional excused absences for such students who are absent for such purpose. Local school boards may require that the student provide advance notice of the intended absence and require that the student provide documentation of participation in a civic event.L\n\nSubject to guidelines established by the Department, any student who is a member of a state-recognized or federally recognized tribal nation that is headquartered in the Commonwealth and who is absent from school to attend such tribal nation’s pow wow gathering shall be granted one excused absence per academic year, provided that the parent of such student provides to the student’s school advance notice of such absence in the manner required by the school.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":235393,"text":"As used in this subsection, “attend” includes participation in educational programs and courses at a site remote from the school with the permission of the school and in conformity with applicable requirements.\n\t\t\tExcept as otherwise provided in this article, every parent, guardian, or other person in the Commonwealth having control or charge of any child who will have reached the fifth birthday on or before September 30 of any school year and who has not passed the eighteenth birthday shall, during the period of each year the public schools are in session and for the same number of days and hours per day as the public schools, cause such child to attend a public school or a private, denominational, or parochial school or have such child taught by a tutor or teacher of qualifications prescribed by the Board and approved by the division superintendent, or provide for home instruction of such child as described in § 22.1-254.1.\n\t\t\tAs prescribed in the regulations of the Board, the requirements of this section may also be satisfied by causing a child to attend an alternative program of study or work\/study offered by a public, private, denominational, or parochial school or by a public or private degree-granting institution of higher education. Further, in the case of any five-year-old child who is subject to the provisions of this subsection, the requirements of this section may be alternatively satisfied by causing the child to attend any public educational pre-kindergarten program, including a Head Start program, or in a private, denominational, or parochial educational pre-kindergarten program.\n\t\t\tInstruction in the home of a child or children by the parent, guardian, or other person having control or charge of such child or children shall not be classified or defined as a private, denominational or parochial school.\n\t\t\tThe requirements of this section shall apply to (i) any child in the custody of the Department of Juvenile Justice or the Department of Corrections who has not passed his eighteenth birthday and (ii) any child whom the division superintendent has required to take a special program of prevention, intervention, or remediation as provided in subsection C of § 22.1-253.13:1 and in § 22.1-254.01. The requirements of this section shall not apply to (a) any person 16 through 18 years of age who is housed in an adult correctional facility when such person is actively pursuing the achievement of a passing score on a high school equivalency examination approved by the Board but is not enrolled in an individual student alternative education plan pursuant to subsection E, and (b) any child who has obtained a high school diploma or its equivalent, a certificate of completion, or has achieved a passing score on a high school equivalency examination approved by the Board, or who has otherwise complied with compulsory school attendance requirements as set forth in this article.","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"B"},"1":{"id":235394,"text":"A school board shall excuse from attendance at school:","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"B1"},"2":{"id":235395,"text":"Any pupil who, together with his parents, by reason of bona fide religious training or belief is conscientiously opposed to attendance at school. For purposes of this subdivision, “bona fide religious training or belief” does not include essentially political, sociological or philosophical views or a merely personal moral code; and","type":"section","prefixes":["B","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"B1","prefix_anchor":"B1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"B","next_prefix":"B2"},"3":{"id":235396,"text":"On the recommendation of the juvenile and domestic relations district court of the county or city in which the pupil resides and for such period of time as the court deems appropriate, any pupil who, together with his parents, is opposed to attendance at a school by reason of concern for such pupil’s health, as verified by competent medical evidence, or by reason of such pupil’s reasonable apprehension for personal safety when such concern or apprehension in that pupil’s specific case is determined by the court, upon consideration of the recommendation of the principal and division superintendent, to be justified.","type":"section","prefixes":["B","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"B2","prefix_anchor":"B2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"B1","next_prefix":"C"},"4":{"id":235397,"text":"Each local school board shall develop policies for excusing students who are absent by reason of observance of a religious holiday. Such policies shall ensure that a student shall not be deprived of any award or of eligibility or opportunity to compete for any award, or of the right to take an alternate test or examination, for any which he missed by reason of such absence, if the absence is verified in a manner acceptable to the school board.","type":"section","prefixes":["C"],"prefix":"C","entire_prefix":"C","prefix_anchor":"C","level":1,"prior_prefix":"B2","next_prefix":"D"},"5":{"id":235398,"text":"A school board may excuse from attendance at school:","type":"section","prefixes":["D"],"prefix":"D","entire_prefix":"D","prefix_anchor":"D","level":1,"prior_prefix":"C","next_prefix":"D1"},"6":{"id":235399,"text":"On recommendation of the principal and the division superintendent and with the written consent of the parent or guardian, any pupil who the school board determines, in accordance with regulations of the Board, cannot benefit from education at such school; or","type":"section","prefixes":["D","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"D1","prefix_anchor":"D1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"D","next_prefix":"D2"},"7":{"id":235400,"text":"On recommendation of the juvenile and domestic relations district court of the county or city in which the pupil resides, any pupil who, in the judgment of such court, cannot benefit from education at such school.","type":"section","prefixes":["D","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"D2","prefix_anchor":"D2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"D1","next_prefix":"E"},"8":{"id":235401,"text":"Local school boards may allow the requirements of subsection A to be met under the following conditions:\n\t\t\tFor a student who is at least 16 years of age, there shall be a meeting of the student, the student’s parents, and the principal or his designee of the school in which the student is enrolled in which an individual student alternative education plan shall be developed in conformity with guidelines prescribed by the Board, which plan must include:","type":"section","prefixes":["E"],"prefix":"E","entire_prefix":"E","prefix_anchor":"E","level":1,"prior_prefix":"D2","next_prefix":"E1"},"9":{"id":235402,"text":"Career guidance counseling;","type":"section","prefixes":["E","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"E1","prefix_anchor":"E1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"E","next_prefix":"E2"},"10":{"id":235403,"text":"Mandatory enrollment and attendance in a preparatory program for passing a high school equivalency examination approved by the Board or other alternative education program approved by the local school board with attendance requirements that provide for reporting of student attendance by the chief administrator of such preparatory program or approved alternative education program to such principal or his designee;","type":"section","prefixes":["E","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"E2","prefix_anchor":"E2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"E1","next_prefix":"E3"},"11":{"id":235404,"text":"Mandatory enrollment in a program to earn a Board-approved career and technical education credential, such as the successful completion of an industry certification, a state licensure examination, a national occupational competency assessment, the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery, or the Virginia workplace readiness skills assessment;","type":"section","prefixes":["E","3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"E3","prefix_anchor":"E3","level":2,"prior_prefix":"E2","next_prefix":"E4"},"12":{"id":235405,"text":"Successful completion of the course in economics and personal finance required to earn a Board-approved high school diploma;","type":"section","prefixes":["E","4"],"prefix":"4","entire_prefix":"E4","prefix_anchor":"E4","level":2,"prior_prefix":"E3","next_prefix":"E5"},"13":{"id":235406,"text":"Counseling on the economic impact of failing to complete high school; and","type":"section","prefixes":["E","5"],"prefix":"5","entire_prefix":"E5","prefix_anchor":"E5","level":2,"prior_prefix":"E4","next_prefix":"E6"},"14":{"id":235407,"text":"Procedures for reenrollment to comply with the requirements of subsection A.\n\t\t\t\tA student for whom an individual student alternative education plan has been granted pursuant to this subsection and who fails to comply with the conditions of such plan shall be in violation of the compulsory school attendance law, and the division superintendent or attendance officer of the school division in which such student was last enrolled shall seek immediate compliance with the compulsory school attendance law as set forth in this article.\n\t\t\t\tStudents enrolled with an individual student alternative education plan shall be counted in the average daily membership of the school division.","type":"section","prefixes":["E","6"],"prefix":"6","entire_prefix":"E6","prefix_anchor":"E6","level":2,"prior_prefix":"E5","next_prefix":"F"},"15":{"id":235408,"text":"A school board may, in accordance with the procedures set forth in Article 3 (§ 22.1-276.01 et seq.) of Chapter 14 and upon a finding that a school-age child has been (i) charged with an offense relating to the Commonwealth’s laws, or with a violation of school board policies, on weapons, alcohol or drugs, or intentional injury to another person; (ii) found guilty or not innocent of a crime that resulted in or could have resulted in injury to others, or of an offense that is required to be disclosed to the superintendent of the school division pursuant to subsection G of § 16.1-260; (iii) suspended pursuant to § 22.1-277.05; or (iv) expelled from school attendance pursuant to § 22.1-277.06 or 22.1-277.07 or subsection C of § 22.1-277, require the child to attend an alternative education program as provided in § 22.1-209.1:2 or 22.1-277.2:1.","type":"section","prefixes":["F"],"prefix":"F","entire_prefix":"F","prefix_anchor":"F","level":1,"prior_prefix":"E6","next_prefix":"G"},"16":{"id":235409,"text":"Whenever a court orders any pupil into an alternative education program, including a program preparing students for a high school equivalency examination approved by the Board, offered in the public schools, the local school board of the school division in which the program is offered shall determine the appropriate alternative education placement of the pupil, regardless of whether the pupil attends the public schools it supervises or resides within its school division.\n\t\t\tThe juvenile and domestic relations district court of the county or city in which a pupil resides or in which charges are pending against a pupil, or any court in which charges are pending against a pupil, may require the pupil who has been charged with (i) a crime that resulted in or could have resulted in injury to others, (ii) a violation of Article 1 (§ 18.2-77 et seq.) of Chapter 5 of Title 18.2, or (iii) any offense related to possession or distribution of any Schedule I, II, or III controlled substances to attend an alternative education program, including, but not limited to, night school, adult education, or any other education program designed to offer instruction to students for whom the regular program of instruction may be inappropriate.\n\t\t\tThis subsection shall not be construed to limit the authority of school boards to expel, suspend, or exclude students, as provided in §§ 22.1-277.04, 22.1-277.05, 22.1-277.06, 22.1-277.07, and 22.1-277.2. As used in this subsection, the term “charged” means that a petition or warrant has been filed or is pending against a pupil.","type":"section","prefixes":["G"],"prefix":"G","entire_prefix":"G","prefix_anchor":"G","level":1,"prior_prefix":"F","next_prefix":"H"},"17":{"id":235410,"text":"Within one calendar month of the opening of school, each school board shall send to the parents or guardian of each student enrolled in the division a copy of the compulsory school attendance law and the enforcement procedures and policies established by the school board.","type":"section","prefixes":["H"],"prefix":"H","entire_prefix":"H","prefix_anchor":"H","level":1,"prior_prefix":"G","next_prefix":"I"},"18":{"id":235411,"text":"The provisions of this article shall not apply to:","type":"section","prefixes":["I"],"prefix":"I","entire_prefix":"I","prefix_anchor":"I","level":1,"prior_prefix":"H","next_prefix":"I1"},"19":{"id":235412,"text":"Children suffering from contagious or infectious diseases while suffering from such diseases;","type":"section","prefixes":["I","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"I1","prefix_anchor":"I1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"I","next_prefix":"I2"},"20":{"id":235413,"text":"Children whose immunizations against communicable diseases have not been completed as provided in § 22.1-271.2;","type":"section","prefixes":["I","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"I2","prefix_anchor":"I2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"I1","next_prefix":"I3"},"21":{"id":235414,"text":"Children under 10 years of age who live more than two miles from a public school unless public transportation is provided within one mile of the place where such children live;","type":"section","prefixes":["I","3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"I3","prefix_anchor":"I3","level":2,"prior_prefix":"I2","next_prefix":"I4"},"22":{"id":235415,"text":"Children between the ages of 10 and 17, inclusive, who live more than 2.5 miles from a public school unless public transportation is provided within 1.5 miles of the place where such children live; and","type":"section","prefixes":["I","4"],"prefix":"4","entire_prefix":"I4","prefix_anchor":"I4","level":2,"prior_prefix":"I3","next_prefix":"I5"},"23":{"id":235416,"text":"Children excused pursuant to subsections B and D.\n\t\t\t\tFurther, any child who will not have reached his sixth birthday on or before September 30 of each school year whose parent or guardian notifies the appropriate school board that he does not wish the child to attend school until the following year because the child, in the opinion of the parent or guardian, is not mentally, physically, or emotionally prepared to attend school, may delay the child’s attendance for one year.\n\t\t\t\tThe distances specified in subdivisions 3 and 4 shall be measured or determined from the child’s residence to the entrance to the school grounds or to the school bus stop nearest the entrance to the residence of such children by the nearest practical routes which are usable for walking or riding. Disease shall be established by the certificate of a reputable practicing physician in accordance with regulations adopted by the Board.","type":"section","prefixes":["I","5"],"prefix":"5","entire_prefix":"I5","prefix_anchor":"I5","level":2,"prior_prefix":"I4","next_prefix":"J"},"24":{"id":235417,"text":"Subject to guidelines established by the Department, any student who is absent from school due to his mental or behavioral health shall be granted an excused absence.","type":"section","prefixes":["J"],"prefix":"J","entire_prefix":"J","prefix_anchor":"J","level":1,"prior_prefix":"I5","next_prefix":"K"},"25":{"id":235418,"text":"Subject to guidelines established by the Department, each school board (i) shall permit one school day-long excused absence per school year for any middle school or high school student in the local school division who is absent from school to engage in a civic event and (ii) may permit additional excused absences for such students who are absent for such purpose. Local school boards may require that the student provide advance notice of the intended absence and require that the student provide documentation of participation in a civic event.","type":"section","prefixes":["K"],"prefix":"K","entire_prefix":"K","prefix_anchor":"K","level":1,"prior_prefix":"J","next_prefix":"L"},"26":{"id":235419,"text":"Subject to guidelines established by the Department, any student who is a member of a state-recognized or federally recognized tribal nation that is headquartered in the Commonwealth and who is absent from school to attend such tribal nation’s pow wow gathering shall be granted one excused absence per academic year, provided that the parent of such student provides to the student’s school advance notice of such absence in the manner required by the school.","type":"section","prefixes":["L"],"prefix":"L","entire_prefix":"L","prefix_anchor":"L","level":1,"prior_prefix":"K"}},"ancestry":[{"id":13989,"edition_id":1,"name":"Compulsory School Attendance","identifier":"1","label":"article","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12850,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:46:31","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:46:31","permalink":{"id":182135,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13989,"identifier":"1","token":"22.1\/14\/1","url":"\/22.1\/14\/1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12850,"edition_id":1,"name":"Pupils","identifier":"14","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12823,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:56","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:56","permalink":{"id":182133,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12850,"identifier":"14","token":"22.1\/14","url":"\/22.1\/14\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12823,"edition_id":1,"name":"Education","identifier":"22.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:55","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:55","permalink":{"id":180949,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12823,"identifier":"22.1","token":"22.1","url":"\/22.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":64677,"structure_id":13989,"section_number":"22.1-254","catch_line":"Compulsory attendance required; excuses and waivers; alternative education program attendance; exemptions from article","url":"\/22.1-254\/","token":"22.1\/14\/1\/22.1-254","metadata":false},{"id":61216,"structure_id":13989,"section_number":"22.1-254.01","catch_line":"Certain students required to attend summer school or after-school sessions","url":"\/22.1-254.01\/","token":"22.1\/14\/1\/22.1-254.01","metadata":false},{"id":85817,"structure_id":13989,"section_number":"22.1-254.02","catch_line":"Students transferring from a public school","url":"\/22.1-254.02\/","token":"22.1\/14\/1\/22.1-254.02","metadata":false},{"id":75707,"structure_id":13989,"section_number":"22.1-254.1","catch_line":"Declaration of policy; requirements for home instruction of children","url":"\/22.1-254.1\/","token":"22.1\/14\/1\/22.1-254.1","metadata":false},{"id":82535,"structure_id":13989,"section_number":"22.1-254.2","catch_line":"Testing for high school equivalency; eligibility; guidelines","url":"\/22.1-254.2\/","token":"22.1\/14\/1\/22.1-254.2","metadata":false},{"id":60397,"structure_id":13989,"section_number":"22.1-255","catch_line":"Nonresident children","url":"\/22.1-255\/","token":"22.1\/14\/1\/22.1-255","metadata":false},{"id":77710,"structure_id":13989,"section_number":"22.1-256","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/22.1-256\/","token":"22.1\/14\/1\/22.1-256","metadata":false},{"id":72504,"structure_id":13989,"section_number":"22.1-258","catch_line":"Appointment of attendance officers; notification when pupil fails to report to school; plan; conference; court proceedings","url":"\/22.1-258\/","token":"22.1\/14\/1\/22.1-258","metadata":false},{"id":57994,"structure_id":13989,"section_number":"22.1-259","catch_line":"Teachers to keep daily attendance records","url":"\/22.1-259\/","token":"22.1\/14\/1\/22.1-259","metadata":false},{"id":73600,"structure_id":13989,"section_number":"22.1-260","catch_line":"Reports of children enrolled and not enrolled; nonattendance","url":"\/22.1-260\/","token":"22.1\/14\/1\/22.1-260","metadata":false},{"id":80115,"structure_id":13989,"section_number":"22.1-261","catch_line":"Attendance officer to make list of children not enrolled; duties of attendance officer","url":"\/22.1-261\/","token":"22.1\/14\/1\/22.1-261","metadata":false},{"id":58722,"structure_id":13989,"section_number":"22.1-262","catch_line":"Complaint to court when parent fails to comply with law","url":"\/22.1-262\/","token":"22.1\/14\/1\/22.1-262","metadata":false},{"id":83240,"structure_id":13989,"section_number":"22.1-263","catch_line":"Violation constitutes misdemeanor","url":"\/22.1-263\/","token":"22.1\/14\/1\/22.1-263","metadata":false},{"id":62028,"structure_id":13989,"section_number":"22.1-264","catch_line":"Misdemeanor to make false statements as to age","url":"\/22.1-264\/","token":"22.1\/14\/1\/22.1-264","metadata":false},{"id":81772,"structure_id":13989,"section_number":"22.1-264.1","catch_line":"Misdemeanor to make false statements as to school division or attendance zone residency; penalty","url":"\/22.1-264.1\/","token":"22.1\/14\/1\/22.1-264.1","metadata":false},{"id":81264,"structure_id":13989,"section_number":"22.1-265","catch_line":"Inducing children to absent themselves","url":"\/22.1-265\/","token":"22.1\/14\/1\/22.1-265","metadata":false},{"id":58598,"structure_id":13989,"section_number":"22.1-266","catch_line":"Law-enforcement officers and truant children","url":"\/22.1-266\/","token":"22.1\/14\/1\/22.1-266","metadata":false},{"id":55064,"structure_id":13989,"section_number":"22.1-267","catch_line":"Proceedings against habitually absent child","url":"\/22.1-267\/","token":"22.1\/14\/1\/22.1-267","metadata":false},{"id":56329,"structure_id":13989,"section_number":"22.1-268","catch_line":"Duty of attorneys for the Commonwealth to prosecute cases arising under article; jurisdiction of offenses","url":"\/22.1-268\/","token":"22.1\/14\/1\/22.1-268","metadata":false},{"id":65442,"structure_id":13989,"section_number":"22.1-269","catch_line":"Board to enforce","url":"\/22.1-269\/","token":"22.1\/14\/1\/22.1-269","metadata":false},{"id":70396,"structure_id":13989,"section_number":"22.1-269.1","catch_line":"Alternative attendance programs","url":"\/22.1-269.1\/","token":"22.1\/14\/1\/22.1-269.1","metadata":false}],"next_section":{"id":61216,"structure_id":13989,"section_number":"22.1-254.01","catch_line":"Certain students required to attend summer school or after-school sessions","url":"\/22.1-254.01\/","token":"22.1\/14\/1\/22.1-254.01","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/22.1-254\/","history_text":"

The record of this law\u2019s original creation isn\u2019t available online. It has been modified 26 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 1952, chapter 279; in 1968, chapter 178; in 1974, chapter 199; in 1976, chapters 681 and 713; in 1978, chapter 518; in 1980, chapter 559; in 1984, chapter 436; in 1989, chapter 515; in 1990, chapter 797; in 1991, chapter 295; in 1993, chapter 903; in 1996, chapters 163<\/a>, 916<\/a>, and 964<\/a>; in 1997, chapter 828<\/a>; in 1999, chapters 488<\/a> and 552<\/a>; in 2000, chapter 184<\/a>; in 2001, chapters 688<\/a> and 820<\/a>; in 2003, chapter 119<\/a>; in 2004, chapter 251<\/a>; in 2006, chapter 335<\/a>; in 2010, chapter 605<\/a>; in 2012, chapters 454<\/a> and 642<\/a>; in 2014, chapter 84<\/a>; in 2017, chapter 330<\/a>; in 2018, chapters 486<\/a> and 585<\/a>; in 2020, chapter 869<\/a>; in 2022, chapter 233<\/a>.<\/p>","references":[{"id":57160,"section_number":"16.1-260","catch_line":"Intake; petition; investigation","order_by":null,"url":"\/16.1-260\/"},{"id":86609,"section_number":"16.1-278.4","catch_line":"Children in need of services","order_by":null,"url":"\/16.1-278.4\/"},{"id":62708,"section_number":"16.1-278.5","catch_line":"Children in need of supervision","order_by":null,"url":"\/16.1-278.5\/"},{"id":82754,"section_number":"16.1-334","catch_line":"Effects of order","order_by":null,"url":"\/16.1-334\/"},{"id":86271,"section_number":"22.1-199.2","catch_line":"Standards for remediation programs established","order_by":null,"url":"\/22.1-199.2\/"},{"id":58397,"section_number":"22.1-205","catch_line":"Driver education programs","order_by":null,"url":"\/22.1-205\/"},{"id":63011,"section_number":"22.1-207.2","catch_line":"Right of parents to review certain materials; summaries distributed","order_by":null,"url":"\/22.1-207.2\/"},{"id":86043,"section_number":"22.1-213","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/22.1-213\/"},{"id":67709,"section_number":"22.1-223","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/22.1-223\/"},{"id":80280,"section_number":"22.1-253.13:1","catch_line":"(Effective July 1, 2026) Standard 1. Instructional programs supporting the Standards of Learning and other educational objectives","order_by":null,"url":"\/22.1-253.13_1\/"},{"id":59319,"section_number":"22.1-253.13:4","catch_line":"Standard 4. Student achievement and graduation requirements","order_by":null,"url":"\/22.1-253.13_4\/"},{"id":61216,"section_number":"22.1-254.01","catch_line":"Certain students required to attend summer school or after-school sessions","order_by":null,"url":"\/22.1-254.01\/"},{"id":75707,"section_number":"22.1-254.1","catch_line":"Declaration of policy; requirements for home instruction of children","order_by":null,"url":"\/22.1-254.1\/"},{"id":82535,"section_number":"22.1-254.2","catch_line":"Testing for high school equivalency; eligibility; guidelines","order_by":null,"url":"\/22.1-254.2\/"},{"id":60397,"section_number":"22.1-255","catch_line":"Nonresident children","order_by":null,"url":"\/22.1-255\/"},{"id":58722,"section_number":"22.1-262","catch_line":"Complaint to court when parent fails to comply with law","order_by":null,"url":"\/22.1-262\/"},{"id":83240,"section_number":"22.1-263","catch_line":"Violation constitutes misdemeanor","order_by":null,"url":"\/22.1-263\/"},{"id":62028,"section_number":"22.1-264","catch_line":"Misdemeanor to make false statements as to age","order_by":null,"url":"\/22.1-264\/"},{"id":58598,"section_number":"22.1-266","catch_line":"Law-enforcement officers and truant children","order_by":null,"url":"\/22.1-266\/"},{"id":58904,"section_number":"22.1-271.4","catch_line":"Health requirements for home-instructed, exempted, and excused children","order_by":null,"url":"\/22.1-271.4\/"},{"id":86640,"section_number":"22.1-7","catch_line":"Responsibility of each state board, agency, and institution having children in residence or in custody","order_by":null,"url":"\/22.1-7\/"},{"id":62812,"section_number":"22.1-70.2","catch_line":"Acceptable Internet use policies for public and private schools","order_by":null,"url":"\/22.1-70.2\/"},{"id":71305,"section_number":"23.1-600","catch_line":"Participation in and eligibility for state-supported financial aid programs","order_by":null,"url":"\/23.1-600\/"},{"id":73049,"section_number":"32.1-47.1","catch_line":"Vaccination of children; plan enhancements","order_by":null,"url":"\/32.1-47.1\/"},{"id":55605,"section_number":"46.2-334","catch_line":"Conditions and requirements for licensure of persons under 18","order_by":null,"url":"\/46.2-334\/"},{"id":80637,"section_number":"46.2-335","catch_line":"Learner's permits; fees; certification required","order_by":null,"url":"\/46.2-335\/"},{"id":64165,"section_number":"63.2-1912","catch_line":"Minor noncustodial parents whose child receives TANF; child support obligations","order_by":null,"url":"\/63.2-1912\/"},{"id":74488,"section_number":"63.2-602","catch_line":"Eligibility for Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF); penalty","order_by":null,"url":"\/63.2-602\/"},{"id":74736,"section_number":"63.2-606","catch_line":"Eligibility for TANF; school attendance","order_by":null,"url":"\/63.2-606\/"}],"refers_to":[{"id":57160,"section_number":"16.1-260","catch_line":"Intake; petition; investigation","order_by":null,"url":"\/16.1-260\/"},{"id":62707,"section_number":"18.2-77","catch_line":"Burning or destroying dwelling house, etc","order_by":null,"url":"\/18.2-77\/"},{"id":70087,"section_number":"22.1-209.1:2","catch_line":"Regional alternative education programs for certain students","order_by":null,"url":"\/22.1-209.1_2\/"},{"id":80280,"section_number":"22.1-253.13:1","catch_line":"(Effective July 1, 2026) Standard 1. Instructional programs supporting the Standards of Learning and other educational objectives","order_by":null,"url":"\/22.1-253.13_1\/"},{"id":61216,"section_number":"22.1-254.01","catch_line":"Certain students required to attend summer school or after-school sessions","order_by":null,"url":"\/22.1-254.01\/"},{"id":75707,"section_number":"22.1-254.1","catch_line":"Declaration of policy; requirements for home instruction of children","order_by":null,"url":"\/22.1-254.1\/"},{"id":68882,"section_number":"22.1-271.2","catch_line":"Immunization requirements","order_by":null,"url":"\/22.1-271.2\/"},{"id":77797,"section_number":"22.1-276.01","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/22.1-276.01\/"},{"id":87441,"section_number":"22.1-277","catch_line":"Suspensions and expulsions of students generally","order_by":null,"url":"\/22.1-277\/"},{"id":56964,"section_number":"22.1-277.04","catch_line":"Short-term suspension; procedures; readmission","order_by":null,"url":"\/22.1-277.04\/"},{"id":74747,"section_number":"22.1-277.05","catch_line":"Long-term suspensions; procedures; readmission","order_by":null,"url":"\/22.1-277.05\/"},{"id":68982,"section_number":"22.1-277.06","catch_line":"Expulsions; procedures; readmission","order_by":null,"url":"\/22.1-277.06\/"},{"id":67657,"section_number":"22.1-277.07","catch_line":"Expulsion of students under certain circumstances; exceptions","order_by":null,"url":"\/22.1-277.07\/"},{"id":85416,"section_number":"22.1-277.2","catch_line":"Authority to exclude students under certain circumstances; petition for readmission; alternative education program","order_by":null,"url":"\/22.1-277.2\/"}],"permalink":{"id":182137,"object_type":"law","relational_id":64677,"identifier":"22.1-254","token":"22.1\/14\/1\/22.1-254","url":"\/22.1-254\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/22.1-254\/","token":"22.1\/14\/1\/22.1-254","dublin_core":{"Title":"Compulsory attendance required; excuses and waivers; alternative education program attendance; exemptions from article","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 22.1-254","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A.<\/span> As used in this subsection, “attend<\/span>” includes participation in educational programs and courses at a site remote from the school with the permission of the school and in conformity with applicable requirements.\n\t\t\tExcept as otherwise provided in this article, every parent<\/span>, guardian, or other person in the Commonwealth having control or charge of any child who will have reached the fifth birthday on or before September 30 of any school year and who has not passed the eighteenth birthday shall, during the period of each year the public schools are in session and for the same number of days and hours per day as the public schools, cause such child to attend<\/span> a public school or a private, denominational, or parochial school or have such child taught by a tutor or teacher of qualifications prescribed by the Board<\/span> and approved by the division superintendent<\/span>, or provide for home instruction of such child as described in § 22.1-254.1<\/a>.\n\t\t\tAs prescribed in the regulations of the Board<\/span>, the requirements of this section may also be satisfied by causing a child to attend<\/span> an alternative program of study or work\/study offered by a public, private, denominational, or parochial school or by a public or private degree-granting institution of higher education. Further, in the case of any five-year-old child who is subject to the provisions of this subsection, the requirements of this section may be alternatively satisfied by causing the child to attend<\/span> any public educational pre-kindergarten program, including a Head Start program, or in a private, denominational, or parochial educational pre-kindergarten program.\n\t\t\tInstruction in the home of a child or children by the parent<\/span>, guardian, or other person having control or charge of such child or children shall not be classified or defined as a private, denominational or parochial school.\n\t\t\tThe requirements of this section shall apply to (i) any child in the custody<\/span> of the Department<\/span> of Juvenile Justice or the Department<\/span> of Corrections who has not passed his eighteenth birthday and (ii) any child whom the division superintendent<\/span> has required to take a special program of prevention, intervention, or remediation as provided in subsection C of § 22.1-253.13:1<\/a> and in § 22.1-254.01<\/a>. The requirements of this section shall not apply to (a) any person 16 through 18 years of age who is housed in an adult correctional facility when such person is actively pursuing the achievement of a passing score on a high school equivalency examination approved by the Board<\/span> but is not enrolled in an individual student alternative education plan pursuant to subsection E, and (b) any child who has obtained a high school diploma or its equivalent, a certificate of completion, or has achieved a passing score on a high school equivalency examination approved by the Board<\/span>, or who has otherwise complied with compulsory school attendance requirements as set forth in this article. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> A school board<\/span> shall excuse from attendance at school: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> Any pupil who, together with his parents<\/span><\/span>, by reason of bona fide religious training or belief is conscientiously opposed to attendance at school. For purposes of this subdivision, “bona fide religious training or belief” does not include essentially political, sociological or philosophical views or a merely personal moral code; and <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> On the recommendation of the juvenile and domestic relations district court<\/span> of the county or city in which the pupil resides and for such period of time as the court<\/span> deems appropriate, any pupil who, together with his parents<\/span><\/span>, is opposed to attendance at a school by reason of concern for such pupil’s health, as verified by competent medical evidence<\/span>, or by reason of such pupil’s reasonable apprehension for personal safety when such concern or apprehension in that pupil’s specific case is determined by the court<\/span>, upon consideration of the recommendation of the principal and division superintendent<\/span>, to be justified. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

C.<\/span> Each local school board<\/span> shall develop policies for excusing students who are absent by reason of observance of a religious holiday. Such policies shall ensure that a student shall not be deprived of any award or of eligibility or opportunity to compete for any award, or of the right to take an alternate test or examination, for any which he missed by reason of such absence, if the absence is verified in a manner acceptable to the school board<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

D.<\/span> A school board<\/span> may excuse from attendance at school: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> On recommendation of the principal and the division superintendent<\/span> and with the written consent of the parent<\/span> or guardian, any pupil who the school board<\/span> determines, in accordance with regulations of the Board, cannot benefit from education at such school; or <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> On recommendation of the juvenile and domestic relations district court<\/span> of the county or city in which the pupil resides, any pupil who, in the judgment<\/span> of such court<\/span>, cannot benefit from education at such school. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

E.<\/span> Local school boards<\/span> may allow the requirements of subsection A to be met under the following conditions:\n\t\t\tFor a student who is at least 16 years of age, there shall be a meeting of the student, the student’s parents<\/span><\/span>, and the principal or his designee of the school in which the student is enrolled in which an individual student alternative education plan shall be developed in conformity with guidelines prescribed by the Board, which plan must include: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> Career guidance counseling; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> Mandatory enrollment and attendance in a preparatory program for passing a high school equivalency examination approved by the Board or other alternative education program approved by the local school board<\/span> with attendance requirements that provide for reporting of student attendance by the chief administrator of such preparatory program or approved alternative education program to such principal or his designee; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

3.<\/span> Mandatory enrollment in a program to earn a Board-approved career and technical education credential, such as the successful completion of an industry certification, a state licensure examination, a national occupational competency assessment, the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery<\/span>, or the Virginia workplace readiness skills assessment; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

4.<\/span> Successful completion of the course in economics and personal finance required to earn a Board-approved high school diploma; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

5.<\/span> Counseling on the economic impact of failing to complete high school; and <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

6.<\/span> Procedures for reenrollment to comply with the requirements of subsection A.\n\t\t\t\tA student for whom an individual student alternative education plan has been granted pursuant to this subsection and who fails to comply with the conditions of such plan shall be in violation of the compulsory school attendance law<\/span>, and the division superintendent<\/span> or attendance officer of the school division in which such student was last enrolled shall seek immediate compliance with the compulsory school attendance law<\/span> as set forth in this article.\n\t\t\t\tStudents enrolled with an individual student alternative education plan shall be counted in the average daily membership of the school division. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

F.<\/span> A school board<\/span> may, in accordance with the procedures set forth in Article 3 (§ 22.1-276.01<\/a> et seq.) of Chapter 14 and upon a finding<\/span> that a school-age child has been (i) charged<\/span> with an offense<\/span> relating to the Commonwealth’s laws<\/span>, or with a violation of school board<\/span> policies, on weapons, alcohol or drugs, or intentional injury to another person; (ii) found guilty or not innocent of a crime<\/span> that resulted in or could have resulted in injury to others, or of an offense<\/span> that is required to be disclosed to the superintendent of the school division pursuant to subsection G of § 16.1-260<\/a>; (iii) suspended pursuant to § 22.1-277.05<\/a>; or (iv) expelled from school attendance pursuant to § 22.1-277.06<\/a> or 22.1-277.07<\/a> or subsection C of § 22.1-277<\/a>, require the child to attend<\/span> an alternative education program as provided in § 22.1-209.1:2<\/a> or 22.1-277.2:1<\/a>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

G.<\/span> Whenever a court orders<\/span> any pupil into an alternative education program, including a program preparing students for a high school equivalency examination approved by the Board, offered in the public schools, the local school board<\/span> of the school division in which the program is offered shall determine the appropriate alternative education placement of the pupil, regardless of whether the pupil attends<\/span> the public schools it supervises or resides within its school division.\n\t\t\tThe juvenile and domestic relations district court of the county or city in which a pupil resides or in which charges are pending against a pupil, or any court in which charges are pending against a pupil, may require the pupil who has been charged<\/span> with (i) a crime<\/span> that resulted in or could have resulted in injury to others, (ii) a violation of Article 1 (§ 18.2-77<\/a> et seq.) of Chapter 5 of Title 18.2, or (iii) any offense<\/span> related to possession<\/span> or distribution of any Schedule I, II, or III controlled substances to attend<\/span> an alternative education program, including, but not limited to, night school, adult education, or any other education program designed to offer instruction to students for whom the regular program of instruction may be inappropriate.\n\t\t\tThis subsection shall not be construed to limit the authority of school boards<\/span> to expel, suspend, or exclude students, as provided in §§ 22.1-277.04<\/a>, 22.1-277.05<\/a>, 22.1-277.06<\/a>, 22.1-277.07<\/a>, and 22.1-277.2<\/a>. As used in this subsection, the term “charged<\/span>” means that a petition<\/span> or warrant has been filed or is pending against a pupil. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

H.<\/span> Within one calendar month of the opening of school, each school board<\/span> shall send to the parents<\/span><\/span> or guardian of each student enrolled in the division a copy of the compulsory school attendance law<\/span> and the enforcement procedures and policies established by the school board<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

I.<\/span> The provisions of this article shall not apply to: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> Children suffering from contagious or infectious diseases while suffering from such diseases; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> Children whose immunizations against communicable diseases have not been completed as provided in § 22.1-271.2<\/a>; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

3.<\/span> Children under 10 years of age who live more than two miles from a public school unless public transportation is provided within one mile of the place where such children live; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

4.<\/span> Children between the ages of 10 and 17, inclusive, who live more than 2.5 miles from a public school unless public transportation is provided within 1.5 miles of the place where such children live; and <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

5.<\/span> Children excused pursuant to subsections B and D.\n\t\t\t\tFurther, any child who will not have reached his sixth birthday on or before September 30 of each school year whose parent<\/span> or guardian notifies the appropriate school board<\/span> that he does not wish the child to attend<\/span> school until the following year because the child, in the opinion<\/span> of the parent<\/span> or guardian, is not mentally, physically, or emotionally prepared to attend<\/span> school, may delay the child’s attendance for one year.\n\t\t\t\tThe distances specified in subdivisions 3 and 4 shall be measured or determined from the child’s residence to the entrance to the school grounds or to the school bus stop nearest the entrance to the residence of such children by the nearest practical routes which are usable for walking or riding. Disease shall be established by the certificate of a reputable practicing physician in accordance with regulations adopted by the Board. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

J.<\/span> Subject to guidelines established by the Department<\/span>, any student who is absent from school due to his mental or behavioral health shall be granted an excused absence. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

K.<\/span> Subject to guidelines established by the Department<\/span>, each school board<\/span> (i) shall permit one school day-long excused absence per school year for any middle school<\/span> or high school student in the local school division who is absent from school to engage in a civic event and (ii) may permit additional excused absences for such students who are absent for such purpose. Local school boards<\/span> may require that the student provide advance notice of the intended absence and require that the student provide documentation of participation in a civic event. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

L.<\/span> Subject to guidelines established by the Department<\/span>, any student who is a member of a state-recognized or federally recognized tribal nation that is headquartered in the Commonwealth and who is absent from school to attend<\/span> such tribal nation’s pow wow gathering shall be granted one excused absence per academic year, provided that the parent<\/span> of such student provides to the student’s school advance notice of such absence in the manner required by the school. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nCOMPULSORY ATTENDANCE REQUIRED; EXCUSES AND WAIVERS; ALTERNATIVE EDUCATION\nPROGRAM ATTENDANCE; EXEMPTIONS FROM ARTICLE (\u00a7 22.1-254)\n\nA. As used in this subsection, “attend” includes participation in\neducational programs and courses at a site remote from the school with the\npermission of the school and in conformity with applicable requirements.\n\t\t\tExcept as otherwise provided in this article, every parent, guardian, or\nother person in the Commonwealth having control or charge of any child who will\nhave reached the fifth birthday on or before September 30 of any school year and\nwho has not passed the eighteenth birthday shall, during the period of each year\nthe public schools are in session and for the same number of days and hours per\nday as the public schools, cause such child to attend a public school or a\nprivate, denominational, or parochial school or have such child taught by a\ntutor or teacher of qualifications prescribed by the Board and approved by the\ndivision superintendent, or provide for home instruction of such child as\ndescribed in § 22.1-254.1.\n\t\t\tAs prescribed in the regulations of the Board, the requirements of this\nsection may also be satisfied by causing a child to attend an alternative\nprogram of study or work\/study offered by a public, private, denominational, or\nparochial school or by a public or private degree-granting institution of higher\neducation. Further, in the case of any five-year-old child who is subject to the\nprovisions of this subsection, the requirements of this section may be\nalternatively satisfied by causing the child to attend any public educational\npre-kindergarten program, including a Head Start program, or in a private,\ndenominational, or parochial educational pre-kindergarten program.\n\t\t\tInstruction in the home of a child or children by the parent, guardian, or\nother person having control or charge of such child or children shall not be\nclassified or defined as a private, denominational or parochial school.\n\t\t\tThe requirements of this section shall apply to (i) any child in the custody\nof the Department of Juvenile Justice or the Department of Corrections who has\nnot passed his eighteenth birthday and (ii) any child whom the division\nsuperintendent has required to take a special program of prevention,\nintervention, or remediation as provided in subsection C of § 22.1-253.13:1\nand in § 22.1-254.01. The requirements of this section shall not apply to\n(a) any person 16 through 18 years of age who is housed in an adult correctional\nfacility when such person is actively pursuing the achievement of a passing\nscore on a high school equivalency examination approved by the Board but is not\nenrolled in an individual student alternative education plan pursuant to\nsubsection E, and (b) any child who has obtained a high school diploma or its\nequivalent, a certificate of completion, or has achieved a passing score on a\nhigh school equivalency examination approved by the Board, or who has otherwise\ncomplied with compulsory school attendance requirements as set forth in this\narticle.\n\nB. A school board shall excuse from attendance at school:\n\n 1. Any pupil who, together with his parents, by reason of bona fide religious\n training or belief is conscientiously opposed to attendance at school. For\n purposes of this subdivision, “bona fide religious training or\n belief” does not include essentially political, sociological or\n philosophical views or a merely personal moral code; and\n\n 2. On the recommendation of the juvenile and domestic relations district court\n of the county or city in which the pupil resides and for such period of time\n as the court deems appropriate, any pupil who, together with his parents, is\n opposed to attendance at a school by reason of concern for such pupil’s\n health, as verified by competent medical evidence, or by reason of such\n pupil’s reasonable apprehension for personal safety when such concern or\n apprehension in that pupil’s specific case is determined by the court,\n upon consideration of the recommendation of the principal and division\n superintendent, to be justified.\n\nC. Each local school board shall develop policies for excusing students who are\nabsent by reason of observance of a religious holiday. Such policies shall\nensure that a student shall not be deprived of any award or of eligibility or\nopportunity to compete for any award, or of the right to take an alternate test\nor examination, for any which he missed by reason of such absence, if the\nabsence is verified in a manner acceptable to the school board.\n\nD. A school board may excuse from attendance at school:\n\n 1. On recommendation of the principal and the division superintendent and with\n the written consent of the parent or guardian, any pupil who the school board\n determines, in accordance with regulations of the Board, cannot benefit from\n education at such school; or\n\n 2. On recommendation of the juvenile and domestic relations district court of\n the county or city in which the pupil resides, any pupil who, in the judgment\n of such court, cannot benefit from education at such school.\n\nE. Local school boards may allow the requirements of subsection A to be met\nunder the following conditions:\n\t\t\tFor a student who is at least 16 years of age, there shall be a meeting of\nthe student, the student’s parents, and the principal or his designee of\nthe school in which the student is enrolled in which an individual student\nalternative education plan shall be developed in conformity with guidelines\nprescribed by the Board, which plan must include:\n\n 1. Career guidance counseling;\n\n 2. Mandatory enrollment and attendance in a preparatory program for passing a\n high school equivalency examination approved by the Board or other alternative\n education program approved by the local school board with attendance\n requirements that provide for reporting of student attendance by the chief\n administrator of such preparatory program or approved alternative education\n program to such principal or his designee;\n\n 3. Mandatory enrollment in a program to earn a Board-approved career and\n technical education credential, such as the successful completion of an\n industry certification, a state licensure examination, a national occupational\n competency assessment, the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery, or the\n Virginia workplace readiness skills assessment;\n\n 4. Successful completion of the course in economics and personal finance\n required to earn a Board-approved high school diploma;\n\n 5. Counseling on the economic impact of failing to complete high school; and\n\n 6. Procedures for reenrollment to comply with the requirements of subsection\n A.\n \t\t\t\tA student for whom an individual student alternative education plan has\n been granted pursuant to this subsection and who fails to comply with the\n conditions of such plan shall be in violation of the compulsory school\n attendance law, and the division superintendent or attendance officer of the\n school division in which such student was last enrolled shall seek immediate\n compliance with the compulsory school attendance law as set forth in this\n article.\n \t\t\t\tStudents enrolled with an individual student alternative education plan\n shall be counted in the average daily membership of the school division.\n\nF. A school board may, in accordance with the procedures set forth in Article 3\n(§ 22.1-276.01 et seq.) of Chapter 14 and upon a finding that a school-age\nchild has been (i) charged with an offense relating to the Commonwealth’s\nlaws, or with a violation of school board policies, on weapons, alcohol or\ndrugs, or intentional injury to another person; (ii) found guilty or not\ninnocent of a crime that resulted in or could have resulted in injury to others,\nor of an offense that is required to be disclosed to the superintendent of the\nschool division pursuant to subsection G of § 16.1-260; (iii) suspended\npursuant to § 22.1-277.05; or (iv) expelled from school attendance pursuant\nto § 22.1-277.06 or 22.1-277.07 or subsection C of § 22.1-277, require\nthe child to attend an alternative education program as provided in §\n22.1-209.1:2 or 22.1-277.2:1.\n\nG. Whenever a court orders any pupil into an alternative education program,\nincluding a program preparing students for a high school equivalency examination\napproved by the Board, offered in the public schools, the local school board of\nthe school division in which the program is offered shall determine the\nappropriate alternative education placement of the pupil, regardless of whether\nthe pupil attends the public schools it supervises or resides within its school\ndivision.\n\t\t\tThe juvenile and domestic relations district court of the county or city in\nwhich a pupil resides or in which charges are pending against a pupil, or any\ncourt in which charges are pending against a pupil, may require the pupil who\nhas been charged with (i) a crime that resulted in or could have resulted in\ninjury to others, (ii) a violation of Article 1 (§ 18.2-77 et seq.) of\nChapter 5 of Title 18.2, or (iii) any offense related to possession or\ndistribution of any Schedule I, II, or III controlled substances to attend an\nalternative education program, including, but not limited to, night school,\nadult education, or any other education program designed to offer instruction to\nstudents for whom the regular program of instruction may be inappropriate.\n\t\t\tThis subsection shall not be construed to limit the authority of school\nboards to expel, suspend, or exclude students, as provided in §§\n22.1-277.04, 22.1-277.05, 22.1-277.06, 22.1-277.07, and 22.1-277.2. As used in\nthis subsection, the term “charged” means that a petition or warrant\nhas been filed or is pending against a pupil.\n\nH. Within one calendar month of the opening of school, each school board shall\nsend to the parents or guardian of each student enrolled in the division a copy\nof the compulsory school attendance law and the enforcement procedures and\npolicies established by the school board.\n\nI. The provisions of this article shall not apply to:\n\n 1. Children suffering from contagious or infectious diseases while suffering\n from such diseases;\n\n 2. Children whose immunizations against communicable diseases have not been\n completed as provided in § 22.1-271.2;\n\n 3. Children under 10 years of age who live more than two miles from a public\n school unless public transportation is provided within one mile of the place\n where such children live;\n\n 4. Children between the ages of 10 and 17, inclusive, who live more than 2.5\n miles from a public school unless public transportation is provided within 1.5\n miles of the place where such children live; and\n\n 5. Children excused pursuant to subsections B and D.\n \t\t\t\tFurther, any child who will not have reached his sixth birthday on or\n before September 30 of each school year whose parent or guardian notifies the\n appropriate school board that he does not wish the child to attend school\n until the following year because the child, in the opinion of the parent or\n guardian, is not mentally, physically, or emotionally prepared to attend\n school, may delay the child’s attendance for one year.\n \t\t\t\tThe distances specified in subdivisions 3 and 4 shall be measured or\n determined from the child’s residence to the entrance to the school\n grounds or to the school bus stop nearest the entrance to the residence of\n such children by the nearest practical routes which are usable for walking or\n riding. Disease shall be established by the certificate of a reputable\n practicing physician in accordance with regulations adopted by the Board.\n\nJ. Subject to guidelines established by the Department, any student who is\nabsent from school due to his mental or behavioral health shall be granted an\nexcused absence.\n\nK. Subject to guidelines established by the Department, each school board (i)\nshall permit one school day-long excused absence per school year for any middle\nschool or high school student in the local school division who is absent from\nschool to engage in a civic event and (ii) may permit additional excused\nabsences for such students who are absent for such purpose. Local school boards\nmay require that the student provide advance notice of the intended absence and\nrequire that the student provide documentation of participation in a civic\nevent.\n\nL. Subject to guidelines established by the Department, any student who is a\nmember of a state-recognized or federally recognized tribal nation that is\nheadquartered in the Commonwealth and who is absent from school to attend such\ntribal nation’s pow wow gathering shall be granted one excused absence per\nacademic year, provided that the parent of such student provides to the\nstudent’s school advance notice of such absence in the manner required by\nthe school.\n\nHISTORY: Code 1950, \u00a7 22-275.1; 1952, c. 279; 1959, Ex. Sess., c. 72; 1968, c.\n178; 1974, c. 199; 1976, cc. 681, 713; 1978, c. 518; 1980, c. 559; 1984, c. 436;\n1989, c. 515; 1990, c. 797; 1991, c. 295; 1993, c. 903; 1996, cc. 163, 916, 964;\n1997, c. 828; 1999, cc. 488, 552; 2000, c. 184; 2001, cc. 688, 820; 2003, c.\n119; 2004, c. 251; 2006, c. 335; 2010, c. 605; 2012, cc. 454, 642; 2014, c. 84;\n2017, c. 330; 2018, cc. 486, 585; 2020, c. 869; 2021, Sp. Sess. I, cc. 104, 105;\n2022, c. 233.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}