{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/22.1-277.06.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/22.1-277.06.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/22.1-277.06.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/22.1-277.06.html"}],"law_id":68982,"edition_id":1,"section_id":68982,"structure_id":13097,"section_number":"22.1-277.06","catch_line":"Expulsions; procedures; readmission","history":"1998, c. 806, \u00a7 22.1-277.03; 2001, cc. 688, 820; 2005, c. 96.","full_text":"A\n\nPupils may be expelled from attendance at school after written notice to the pupil and his parent of the proposed action and the reasons therefor and of the right to a hearing before the school board or a committee thereof in accordance with regulations of the school board.\n\t\t\tIf the regulations provide for a hearing by a committee of the school board, the regulations shall also provide that such committee may confirm or disapprove the expulsion of a student. Any such committee of the school board shall be composed of at least three members. If the committee’s decision is not unanimous, the pupil or his parent may appeal the committee’s decision to the full school board. Such appeal shall be decided by the school board within 30 days.\n\t\t\tThe regulations shall also provide for subsequent confirmation or disapproval of the proposed expulsion by the school board, or a committee thereof, as may be provided in regulation, regardless of whether the pupil exercised the right to a hearing.B\n\nThe written notice required by this section shall include notification of the length of the expulsion and shall provide information to the parent of the student concerning the availability of community-based educational, training, and intervention programs. Such notice shall state further whether or not the student is eligible to return to regular school attendance, or to attend an appropriate alternative education program approved by the school board, or an adult education program offered by the school division, during or upon the expiration of the expulsion, and the terms or conditions of such readmission. The costs of any community-based educational, training, or intervention program that is not a part of the educational program offered by the school division that the student may attend during his expulsion shall be borne by the parent of the student.\n\t\t\tNothing in this section shall be construed to prohibit the school board from permitting or requiring students expelled pursuant to this section to attend an alternative education program provided by the school board for the term of such expulsion.\n\t\t\tIf the school board determines that the student is ineligible to return to regular school attendance or to attend during the expulsion an alternative education program or an adult education program in the school division, the written notice shall also advise the parent of such student that the student may petition the school board for readmission to be effective one calendar year from the date of his expulsion, and of the conditions, if any, under which readmission may be granted.\n\t\t\tSchool boards shall establish, by regulation, a schedule pursuant to which such students may apply and reapply for readmission to school. Such schedule shall be designed to ensure that any initial petition for readmission will be reviewed by the school board or a committee thereof, or the division superintendent, and, if granted, would enable the student to resume school attendance one calendar year from the date of the expulsion. If the division superintendent or a committee of the school board denies such petition, the student may petition the school board for review of such denial.C\n\nRecommendations for expulsion for actions other than those specified in \u00a7\u00a7 22.1-277.07 and 22.1-277.08 shall be based on consideration of the following factors:1\n\nThe nature and seriousness of the violation;2\n\nThe degree of danger to the school community;3\n\nThe student’s disciplinary history, including the seriousness and number of previous infractions;4\n\nThe appropriateness and availability of an alternative education placement or program;5\n\nThe student’s age and grade level;6\n\nThe results of any mental health, substance abuse, or special education assessments;7\n\nThe student’s attendance and academic records; and8\n\nSuch other matters as he deems appropriate.\n\t\t\t\tNo decision to expel a student shall be reversed on the grounds that such factors were not considered.\n\t\t\t\tNothing in this subsection shall be deemed to preclude a school board from considering any of these factors as “special circumstances” for purposes of §§ 22.1-277.07 and 22.1-277.08.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":249694,"text":"Pupils may be expelled from attendance at school after written notice to the pupil and his parent of the proposed action and the reasons therefor and of the right to a hearing before the school board or a committee thereof in accordance with regulations of the school board.\n\t\t\tIf the regulations provide for a hearing by a committee of the school board, the regulations shall also provide that such committee may confirm or disapprove the expulsion of a student. Any such committee of the school board shall be composed of at least three members. If the committee’s decision is not unanimous, the pupil or his parent may appeal the committee’s decision to the full school board. Such appeal shall be decided by the school board within 30 days.\n\t\t\tThe regulations shall also provide for subsequent confirmation or disapproval of the proposed expulsion by the school board, or a committee thereof, as may be provided in regulation, regardless of whether the pupil exercised the right to a hearing.","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"B"},"1":{"id":249695,"text":"The written notice required by this section shall include notification of the length of the expulsion and shall provide information to the parent of the student concerning the availability of community-based educational, training, and intervention programs. Such notice shall state further whether or not the student is eligible to return to regular school attendance, or to attend an appropriate alternative education program approved by the school board, or an adult education program offered by the school division, during or upon the expiration of the expulsion, and the terms or conditions of such readmission. The costs of any community-based educational, training, or intervention program that is not a part of the educational program offered by the school division that the student may attend during his expulsion shall be borne by the parent of the student.\n\t\t\tNothing in this section shall be construed to prohibit the school board from permitting or requiring students expelled pursuant to this section to attend an alternative education program provided by the school board for the term of such expulsion.\n\t\t\tIf the school board determines that the student is ineligible to return to regular school attendance or to attend during the expulsion an alternative education program or an adult education program in the school division, the written notice shall also advise the parent of such student that the student may petition the school board for readmission to be effective one calendar year from the date of his expulsion, and of the conditions, if any, under which readmission may be granted.\n\t\t\tSchool boards shall establish, by regulation, a schedule pursuant to which such students may apply and reapply for readmission to school. Such schedule shall be designed to ensure that any initial petition for readmission will be reviewed by the school board or a committee thereof, or the division superintendent, and, if granted, would enable the student to resume school attendance one calendar year from the date of the expulsion. If the division superintendent or a committee of the school board denies such petition, the student may petition the school board for review of such denial.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"C"},"2":{"id":249696,"text":"Recommendations for expulsion for actions other than those specified in \u00a7\u00a7 22.1-277.07 and 22.1-277.08 shall be based on consideration of the following factors:","type":"section","prefixes":["C"],"prefix":"C","entire_prefix":"C","prefix_anchor":"C","level":1,"prior_prefix":"B","next_prefix":"C1"},"3":{"id":249697,"text":"The nature and seriousness of the violation;","type":"section","prefixes":["C","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"C1","prefix_anchor":"C1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"C","next_prefix":"C2"},"4":{"id":249698,"text":"The degree of danger to the school community;","type":"section","prefixes":["C","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"C2","prefix_anchor":"C2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"C1","next_prefix":"C3"},"5":{"id":249699,"text":"The student’s disciplinary history, including the seriousness and number of previous infractions;","type":"section","prefixes":["C","3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"C3","prefix_anchor":"C3","level":2,"prior_prefix":"C2","next_prefix":"C4"},"6":{"id":249700,"text":"The appropriateness and availability of an alternative education placement or program;","type":"section","prefixes":["C","4"],"prefix":"4","entire_prefix":"C4","prefix_anchor":"C4","level":2,"prior_prefix":"C3","next_prefix":"C5"},"7":{"id":249701,"text":"The student’s age and grade level;","type":"section","prefixes":["C","5"],"prefix":"5","entire_prefix":"C5","prefix_anchor":"C5","level":2,"prior_prefix":"C4","next_prefix":"C6"},"8":{"id":249702,"text":"The results of any mental health, substance abuse, or special education assessments;","type":"section","prefixes":["C","6"],"prefix":"6","entire_prefix":"C6","prefix_anchor":"C6","level":2,"prior_prefix":"C5","next_prefix":"C7"},"9":{"id":249703,"text":"The student’s attendance and academic records; and","type":"section","prefixes":["C","7"],"prefix":"7","entire_prefix":"C7","prefix_anchor":"C7","level":2,"prior_prefix":"C6","next_prefix":"C8"},"10":{"id":249704,"text":"Such other matters as he deems appropriate.\n\t\t\t\tNo decision to expel a student shall be reversed on the grounds that such factors were not considered.\n\t\t\t\tNothing in this subsection shall be deemed to preclude a school board from considering any of these factors as “special circumstances” for purposes of §§ 22.1-277.07 and 22.1-277.08.","type":"section","prefixes":["C","8"],"prefix":"8","entire_prefix":"C8","prefix_anchor":"C8","level":2,"prior_prefix":"C7"}},"ancestry":[{"id":13097,"edition_id":1,"name":"Discipline","identifier":"3","label":"article","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12850,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:17","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:17","permalink":{"id":182375,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13097,"identifier":"3","token":"22.1\/14\/3","url":"\/22.1\/14\/3\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12850,"edition_id":1,"name":"Pupils","identifier":"14","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12823,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:56","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:56","permalink":{"id":182133,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12850,"identifier":"14","token":"22.1\/14","url":"\/22.1\/14\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12823,"edition_id":1,"name":"Education","identifier":"22.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:55","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:55","permalink":{"id":180949,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12823,"identifier":"22.1","token":"22.1","url":"\/22.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":84373,"structure_id":13097,"section_number":"22.1-276","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/22.1-276\/","token":"22.1\/14\/3\/22.1-276","metadata":false},{"id":77797,"structure_id":13097,"section_number":"22.1-276.01","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/22.1-276.01\/","token":"22.1\/14\/3\/22.1-276.01","metadata":false},{"id":59130,"structure_id":13097,"section_number":"22.1-276.1","catch_line":"Expired","url":"\/22.1-276.1\/","token":"22.1\/14\/3\/22.1-276.1","metadata":false},{"id":59973,"structure_id":13097,"section_number":"22.1-276.2","catch_line":"Removal of students from classes","url":"\/22.1-276.2\/","token":"22.1\/14\/3\/22.1-276.2","metadata":false},{"id":67307,"structure_id":13097,"section_number":"22.1-276.3","catch_line":"Ineligibility of students to compete in athletic competitions","url":"\/22.1-276.3\/","token":"22.1\/14\/3\/22.1-276.3","metadata":false},{"id":87441,"structure_id":13097,"section_number":"22.1-277","catch_line":"Suspensions and expulsions of students generally","url":"\/22.1-277\/","token":"22.1\/14\/3\/22.1-277","metadata":false},{"id":60099,"structure_id":13097,"section_number":"22.1-277.01","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/22.1-277.01\/","token":"22.1\/14\/3\/22.1-277.01","metadata":false},{"id":56964,"structure_id":13097,"section_number":"22.1-277.04","catch_line":"Short-term suspension; 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exceptions","url":"\/22.1-277.07\/","token":"22.1\/14\/3\/22.1-277.07","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/22.1-277.06\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 1998. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 806<\/a> of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. It has been modified 2 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 2001, chapters 688<\/a> and 820<\/a>; in 2005, chapter 96<\/a>.<\/p>","references":[{"id":62499,"section_number":"16.1-293","catch_line":"Supervision of juvenile or person during commitment and on parole; placing juvenile in halfway house","order_by":null,"url":"\/16.1-293\/"},{"id":64677,"section_number":"22.1-254","catch_line":"Compulsory attendance required; excuses and waivers; alternative education program attendance; exemptions from article","order_by":null,"url":"\/22.1-254\/"},{"id":82535,"section_number":"22.1-254.2","catch_line":"Testing for high school equivalency; eligibility; guidelines","order_by":null,"url":"\/22.1-254.2\/"},{"id":85416,"section_number":"22.1-277.2","catch_line":"Authority to exclude students under certain circumstances; petition for readmission; alternative education program","order_by":null,"url":"\/22.1-277.2\/"},{"id":68197,"section_number":"22.1-277.2:1","catch_line":"Disciplinary authority of school boards under certain circumstances; alternative education program","order_by":null,"url":"\/22.1-277.2_1\/"}],"refers_to":[{"id":67657,"section_number":"22.1-277.07","catch_line":"Expulsion of students under certain circumstances; exceptions","order_by":null,"url":"\/22.1-277.07\/"},{"id":75022,"section_number":"22.1-277.08","catch_line":"Expulsion of students for certain drug offenses","order_by":null,"url":"\/22.1-277.08\/"}],"permalink":{"id":182413,"object_type":"law","relational_id":68982,"identifier":"22.1-277.06","token":"22.1\/14\/3\/22.1-277.06","url":"\/22.1-277.06\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/22.1-277.06\/","token":"22.1\/14\/3\/22.1-277.06","dublin_core":{"Title":"Expulsions; procedures; readmission","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 22.1-277.06","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A.<\/span> Pupils may be expelled from attendance at school after written notice to the pupil and his parent<\/span> of the proposed action and the reasons therefor and of the right to a hearing<\/span> before the school board<\/span> or a committee thereof in accordance with regulations of the school board<\/span>.\n\t\t\tIf the regulations provide for a hearing<\/span> by a committee of the school board<\/span>, the regulations shall also provide that such committee may confirm or disapprove the expulsion of a student. Any such committee of the school board<\/span> shall be composed of at least three members. If the committee’s decision is not unanimous, the pupil or his parent<\/span> may appeal<\/span> the committee’s decision to the full school board<\/span>. Such appeal<\/span> shall be decided by the school board<\/span> within 30 days.\n\t\t\tThe regulations shall also provide for subsequent confirmation or disapproval of the proposed expulsion by the school board<\/span>, or a committee thereof, as may be provided in regulation, regardless of whether the pupil exercised the right to a hearing<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> The written notice required by this section shall include notification of the length of the expulsion and shall provide information to the parent<\/span> of the student concerning the availability of community-based educational, training, and intervention programs. Such notice shall state further whether or not the student is eligible to return to regular school attendance, or to attend an appropriate alternative education program approved by the school board<\/span>, or an adult education program offered by the school division, during or upon the expiration of the expulsion, and the terms or conditions of such readmission. The costs of any community-based educational, training, or intervention program that is not a part of the educational program offered by the school division that the student may attend during his expulsion shall be borne by the parent<\/span> of the student.\n\t\t\tNothing in this section shall be construed to prohibit the school board<\/span> from permitting or requiring students expelled pursuant to this section to attend an alternative education program provided by the school board<\/span> for the term of such expulsion.\n\t\t\tIf the school board<\/span> determines that the student is ineligible to return to regular school attendance or to attend during the expulsion an alternative education program or an adult education program in the school division, the written notice shall also advise the parent<\/span> of such student that the student may petition<\/span> the school board<\/span> for readmission to be effective one calendar year from the date of his expulsion, and of the conditions, if any, under which readmission may be granted.\n\t\t\tSchool boards<\/span> shall establish, by regulation, a schedule pursuant to which such students may apply and reapply for readmission to school. Such schedule shall be designed to ensure that any initial petition<\/span> for readmission will be reviewed by the school board<\/span> or a committee thereof, or the division superintendent<\/span>, and, if granted, would enable the student to resume school attendance one calendar year from the date of the expulsion. If the division superintendent<\/span> or a committee of the school board<\/span> denies such petition<\/span>, the student may petition<\/span> the school board<\/span> for review of such denial. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

C.<\/span> Recommendations for expulsion for actions other than those specified in \u00a7\u00a7 22.1-277.07<\/a> and 22.1-277.08<\/a> shall be based on consideration of the following factors: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> The nature and seriousness of the violation; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> The degree of danger to the school community; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

3.<\/span> The student’s disciplinary history, including the seriousness and number of previous infractions; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

4.<\/span> The appropriateness and availability of an alternative education placement or program; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

5.<\/span> The student’s age and grade level; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

6.<\/span> The results of any mental health, substance abuse, or special education assessments; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

7.<\/span> The student’s attendance and academic records; and <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

8.<\/span> Such other matters as he deems appropriate.\n\t\t\t\tNo decision to expel a student shall be reversed on the grounds that such factors were not considered.\n\t\t\t\tNothing in this subsection shall be deemed to preclude a school board<\/span> from considering any of these factors as “special circumstances” for purposes of §§ 22.1-277.07<\/a> and 22.1-277.08<\/a>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nEXPULSIONS; PROCEDURES; READMISSION (\u00a7 22.1-277.06)\n\nA. Pupils may be expelled from attendance at school after written notice to the\npupil and his parent of the proposed action and the reasons therefor and of the\nright to a hearing before the school board or a committee thereof in accordance\nwith regulations of the school board.\n\t\t\tIf the regulations provide for a hearing by a committee of the school board,\nthe regulations shall also provide that such committee may confirm or disapprove\nthe expulsion of a student. Any such committee of the school board shall be\ncomposed of at least three members. If the committee’s decision is not\nunanimous, the pupil or his parent may appeal the committee’s decision to\nthe full school board. Such appeal shall be decided by the school board within\n30 days.\n\t\t\tThe regulations shall also provide for subsequent confirmation or disapproval\nof the proposed expulsion by the school board, or a committee thereof, as may be\nprovided in regulation, regardless of whether the pupil exercised the right to a\nhearing.\n\nB. The written notice required by this section shall include notification of the\nlength of the expulsion and shall provide information to the parent of the\nstudent concerning the availability of community-based educational, training,\nand intervention programs. Such notice shall state further whether or not the\nstudent is eligible to return to regular school attendance, or to attend an\nappropriate alternative education program approved by the school board, or an\nadult education program offered by the school division, during or upon the\nexpiration of the expulsion, and the terms or conditions of such readmission.\nThe costs of any community-based educational, training, or intervention program\nthat is not a part of the educational program offered by the school division\nthat the student may attend during his expulsion shall be borne by the parent of\nthe student.\n\t\t\tNothing in this section shall be construed to prohibit the school board from\npermitting or requiring students expelled pursuant to this section to attend an\nalternative education program provided by the school board for the term of such\nexpulsion.\n\t\t\tIf the school board determines that the student is ineligible to return to\nregular school attendance or to attend during the expulsion an alternative\neducation program or an adult education program in the school division, the\nwritten notice shall also advise the parent of such student that the student may\npetition the school board for readmission to be effective one calendar year from\nthe date of his expulsion, and of the conditions, if any, under which\nreadmission may be granted.\n\t\t\tSchool boards shall establish, by regulation, a schedule pursuant to which\nsuch students may apply and reapply for readmission to school. Such schedule\nshall be designed to ensure that any initial petition for readmission will be\nreviewed by the school board or a committee thereof, or the division\nsuperintendent, and, if granted, would enable the student to resume school\nattendance one calendar year from the date of the expulsion. If the division\nsuperintendent or a committee of the school board denies such petition, the\nstudent may petition the school board for review of such denial.\n\nC. Recommendations for expulsion for actions other than those specified in \u00a7\u00a7\n22.1-277.07 and 22.1-277.08 shall be based on consideration of the following\nfactors:\n\n 1. The nature and seriousness of the violation;\n\n 2. The degree of danger to the school community;\n\n 3. The student’s disciplinary history, including the seriousness and\n number of previous infractions;\n\n 4. The appropriateness and availability of an alternative education placement\n or program;\n\n 5. The student’s age and grade level;\n\n 6. The results of any mental health, substance abuse, or special education\n assessments;\n\n 7. The student’s attendance and academic records; and\n\n 8. Such other matters as he deems appropriate.\n \t\t\t\tNo decision to expel a student shall be reversed on the grounds that such\n factors were not considered.\n \t\t\t\tNothing in this subsection shall be deemed to preclude a school board from\n considering any of these factors as “special circumstances” for\n purposes of §§ 22.1-277.07 and 22.1-277.08.\n\nHISTORY: 1998, c. 806, \u00a7 22.1-277.03; 2001, cc. 688, 820; 2005, c. 96.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}